RESUMEN
Na Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança-Neofoi proposto o uso da chupeta na Unidade Neonatal (UN) de modo terapêutico, e sempre com supervisão de um profissional de saúde. Mas observa-se que o aparato conhecido como "Luva Chupeta" fabricado com o uso de uma luva de látex está sendo utilizado como alternativa para acalentar o recém-nascido (RN). Apesar de poucos estudos, é evidente que esse dispositivo deve ser contraindicado na UN, uma vez que pode provocar alergia ao látex, transmitir infecções, provocar acidentes graves como aspiração laringotraqueal do algodão devido ao rompimento da luva de látex, e dependendo do tamanho do material, obstruir as vias aéreas, e levar a óbito. Além do mais, o dispositivo pode interferir negativamente no crescimento e no desenvolvimento craniofacial e causar prejuízos associados à amamentação e na saúde materno infantil. A substituição da "Luva Chupeta" por outras estratégias, até mesmo pela chupeta convencional ou ortodôntica, para lidar com a dor e situações de estresse do RN deve ser decisiva para evitar os riscos de acidentes graves. O Protocolo de uso de bicos, Protocolo de manejo da dor do RN, adoção do Método Canguru na UN para promoção do desenvolvimento e comportamento do RN, e a capacitação/monitoramento das práticas adotas pela Equipe Materno Infantil, quanto ao cuidado ofertado são alternativas mais complexas, mas que devem ser analisadas por aqueles que desejam oferecer confiabilidade aos seus processos institucionais. (AU)
In the Baby-Friendly Hospital-Neo Initiative, the use of pacifiers in the Neonatal Unit (UN) was proposed in a therapeutic way, and always under the supervision of a health professional. However, it should be noted that the device known as "Pacifier Glove" manufactured using a latex glove is being used as an alternative to cherish the newborn. Despite few studies, it is clear that this device should be contraindicated in the UN, since it can cause allergy to latex, transmit infections, cause serious accidents such as laryngotracheal aspiration of cotton due to the rupture of the latex glove, and depending on the size of the material, obstruct the airways, and lead to death. Furthermore, the device may interfere with craniofacial growth and development and cause harm associated with breastfeeding and maternal and child health. The substitution of the "Pacifier Glove" for other strategies, even for the conventional or orthodontic pacifier, to deal with the pain and stress situations of the baby should be avoided to avoid the risk of serious accidents.The teat use protocol, the baby's pain management protocol, the adoption of the Kangaroo Method in the neonatal unit to promote the baby's development and behavior, and the training/monitoring of the practices adopted by the Maternal and Child Team, regarding the care offered, are alternatives more complex, but which must be analyzed by those who wish to offer reliability to their institutional processes. (AU)
En la Iniciativa Hospital Amigo del Niño-Neo, se propuso terapéuticamente el uso del chupete en la Unidad Neonatal (UN), y siempre bajo la supervisión de un profesional de la salud. Pero se observa que el dispositivo conocido como "chupete Gluva", fabricado con el uso de un guante de látex, está siendo utilizado como una alternativa para cuidar al recién nacido (NB). A pesar de los pocos estudios, es evidente que este dispositivo debe estar contraindicado en la NU, ya que puede causar alergia al látex, transmitir infecciones, ocasionar accidentes graves como aspiración laringotraqueal de algodón por rotura del guante de látex, y dependiendo de la El tamaño del material obstruye las vías respiratorias y provoca la muerte. Además, el dispositivo puede interferir negativamente con el crecimiento y desarrollo craneofacial y causar daños asociados con la lactancia materna y la salud maternoinfantil. La sustitución del "Dummy Glove" por otras estrategias, incluso el chupete convencional u ortodóncico, para hacer frente a las situaciones de dolor y estrés del RN debe ser determinante para evitar el riesgo de accidentes graves. El Protocolo de Uso del Pezón, el Protocolo de Manejo del Dolor del RN, la adopción del Método Canguro en la NU para promover el desarrollo y comportamiento del RN, y la capacitación/seguimiento de las prácticas adoptadas por el Equipo Materno Infantil, en cuanto a los cuidados ofrecidos, son más alternativas eficientes, complejas, pero que deben ser analizadas por quienes deseen brindar confiabilidad a sus procesos institucionales. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Recién Nacido , Chupetes/efectos adversos , Contraindicaciones de los Procedimientos , Guantes Protectores , Hipersensibilidad al Látex , Unidades de Cuidados IntensivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: After wearing powdered gloves, healthcare workers (HCW) are supposed to wash their hands instead of using alcohol-based hand-rub (ABHR). Washing hands takes longer than using ABHR, and the use of powdered gloves may be an obstacle to hand-hygiene compliance. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of replacing powdered gloves with powder-free gloves on hand-hygiene compliance among HCW of an intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in a general ICU of a tertiary care university hospital in Brazil. From June 1st to July 15th, 2017, all HCW were provided with powdered latex gloves only for all clinical procedures. From July 15th to August 31st, 2017, HCW were provided with nitrile powder-free gloves only. Hand-hygiene compliance was assessed through direct observation, and evaluated according to the World Health Organization Hand Hygiene guidelines. We calculated that a sample size of 544 hand hygiene opportunities needed to be observed per period. Data analysis were performed using the STATA SE® version 14, and we compared the individual's percentage of compliance using the t test for paired data before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Overall, 40 HCW were assessed before and after the introduction of nitrile powder-free gloves, with 1114 and 1139 observations of hand hygiene opportunities, respectively. The proportion of compliance with hand hygiene was 55% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51-59%) using powdered latex gloves and 60% (95% CI 57-63%) using powder-free gloves. The difference in proportions between the two types of gloves was 5.1% (95% CI 2.5-7.6%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that replacing powdered gloves with powder-free gloves positively influenced hand-hygiene compliance by HCW in an ICU setting.
Asunto(s)
Guantes Protectores , Adhesión a Directriz/estadística & datos numéricos , Higiene de las Manos/normas , Brasil , Guantes Protectores/clasificación , Personal de Salud , Hospitales Universitarios , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Polvos , Centros de Atención TerciariaRESUMEN
Abstract Introduction Personal protective equipment is mandatory to protect patients and professionals from diseases, especially in the dental environment. The risk of gloves micro-perforations is imminent when using sharp instruments or cleaning them up during lengthy clinical procedures. Objective This study evaluated the integrity of sterile and non-sterile gloves before clinical use and clarified whether friction with disinfectant solution modifies surface morphology and integrity. Material and method Samples of gloves from four different brands were divided into two groups: (1) Sterile surgical gloves (n=260) and (2) Non-sterile gloves (n=260). They were scissored and placed in Ostby's arch so that three solutions - distilled water, ethanol 70°, ethanol 96° - were rubbed with a cotton swab. After 30s, 5, 10, and 15 minutes of solution rubbing, samples were verified by a Scanning Electron Microscope. The pore sizes were measured by Image J software. Result Regardless of the brands, all gloves have been significantly affected by solutions and assessment periods. In general, remarkable changes were evident with ethanol 70° and 96°, and higher pore diameters were observed compared to distilled water. Conclusion Rubbing disinfectant solutions increases gloves' pores sizes, and time negatively influenced its quality.
Resumo Introdução Para proteger pacientes e profissionais de doenças, o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual é obrigatório, principalmente no ambiente odontológico. O risco de microperfurações das luvas é iminente ao usar instrumentos cortantes ou na tentativa de limpar as luvas durante longos procedimentos clínicos. Objetivo Este estudo avaliou a integridade das luvas cirúrgicas e de procedimento antes do uso clínico e esclareceu se o atrito com a solução desinfetante modifica a morfologia e integridade da superfície. Material e método Amostras de luvas de quatro marcas diferentes foram divididas em dois grupos: (1) Luvas cirúrgicas (n = 260) e (2) Luvas descartáveis não estéreis (n = 260). As luvas foram cortadas e colocadas em arco de Ostby, de modo que três soluções - água destilada, etanol 70 °, etanol 96 ° foram esfregadas com um cotonete. Após 30s, 5, 10 e 15 minutos de fricção das soluções, as amostras foram verificadas utilizando um microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Os tamanhos dos poros foram medidos pelo software Image J. Resultado Independentemente das marcas, todas as luvas foram significativamente afetadas por soluções e períodos de avaliação. Em geral, maiores alterações foram evidenciadas com o uso do etanol 70° e 96°, e maiores diâmetros dos poros foram observados quando comparados à água destilada. Conclusão Esfregar soluções desinfetantes aumenta o tamanho dos poros das luvas e o tempo influenciou negativamente sua qualidade.
Asunto(s)
Desinfección de las Manos , Guantes Protectores , Contención de Riesgos Biológicos , Guantes Quirúrgicos , Látex , Porosidad , OdontólogosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is essential to avoid the COVID-19 spread to health care workers. Its use can be difficult, posing a high risk of contamination, mainly during doffing, then with the risk of becoming infected. METHODS: We conducted a prospective before-and-after design that used clinical simulation as a research methodology in a clinical simulation center of Colombia. A simulation-based educational intervention with two cases related to COVID-19 was proposed in the emergency room and the intensive care unit. We conducted A workshop for donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) and a debriefing after the first case. RESULTS: In the pre-test, 100% of participants failed donning and doffing PPE, 98.4% were contaminated, only one-person did not contaminate out of. The mean cognitive load was high (7.43±0.9 points). In the post-test, 100% were successful in donning the PPE and 94.8% in doffing; only 9.8% were contaminated. The mean of the cognitive load was low (4.1±1.4 points), and the performance was high (7.9±1.1). Of the total, 73.8% of participants reported overload in the doffing. The most difficulties were in gown/overall, and N95 mask removal. DISCUSSION: The PPE donning and doffing is critical and may be changed significantly by active training. In responding to the current COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, activities of training in donning and doffing PPE would provide a means of training personnel, reducing the cognitive load and maybe the risk of contamination and infection of health care workers.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Personal de Salud/psicología , Memoria a Corto Plazo , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Pandemias/prevención & control , Equipo de Protección Personal , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Entrenamiento Simulado , Adulto , COVID-19 , Contención de Riesgos Biológicos , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Contaminación de Equipos , Dispositivos de Protección de los Ojos , Femenino , Guantes Protectores , Higiene de las Manos , Personal de Salud/educación , Humanos , Control de Infecciones/métodos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Máscaras , Estudios Prospectivos , Ropa de Protección , Análisis y Desempeño de TareasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To survey healthcare workers (HCW) on availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) caring for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). MATERIALS AND METHOD: A web-based survey distributed worldwide in April 2020. RESULTS: We received 2711 responses from 1797 (67%) physicians, 744 (27%) nurses, and 170 (6%) Allied HCW. For routine care, most (1557, 58%) reportedly used FFP2/N95 masks, waterproof long sleeve gowns (1623; 67%), and face shields/visors (1574; 62%). Powered Air-Purifying Respirators were used routinely and for intubation only by 184 (7%) and 254 (13%) respondents, respectively. Surgical masks were used for routine care by 289 (15%) and 47 (2%) for intubations. At least one piece of standard PPE was unavailable for 1402 (52%), and 817 (30%) reported reusing single-use PPE. PPE was worn for a median of 4 h (IQR 2, 5). Adverse effects of PPE were associated with longer shift durations and included heat (1266, 51%), thirst (1174, 47%), pressure areas (1088, 44%), headaches (696, 28%), Inability to use the bathroom (661, 27%) and extreme exhaustion (492, 20%). CONCLUSIONS: HCWs reported widespread shortages, frequent reuse of, and adverse effects related to PPE. Urgent action by healthcare administrators, policymakers, governments and industry is warranted.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Coronavirus/transmisión , Personal de Salud , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa de Paciente a Profesional/prevención & control , Salud Laboral , Equipo de Protección Personal/provisión & distribución , Neumonía Viral/transmisión , Adulto , África , Técnicos Medios en Salud , Asia , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Europa (Continente) , Dispositivos de Protección de los Ojos , Femenino , Guantes Protectores , Cefalea/etiología , Calor , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Máscaras/efectos adversos , Máscaras/provisión & distribución , Persona de Mediana Edad , América del Norte , Enfermeras y Enfermeros , Oceanía , Pandemias , Equipo de Protección Personal/efectos adversos , Admisión y Programación de Personal , Médicos , Dispositivos de Protección Respiratoria/efectos adversos , Dispositivos de Protección Respiratoria/provisión & distribución , SARS-CoV-2 , América del Sur , Vestimenta Quirúrgica , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , SedAsunto(s)
Humanos , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Vigilancia en Salud Pública/métodos , Dispositivos de Protección Respiratoria/normas , Higiene/normas , Guantes Protectores/normas , Higiene de las Manos/normasRESUMEN
This project aims to develop a tactile glove device and a virtual environment inserted in the context of tactile internet. The tactile glove allows a human operator to interact remotely with objects from a 3D environment through tactile feedback or tactile sensation. In other words, the human operator is able to feel the contour and texture from virtual objects. Applications such as remote diagnostics, games, remote analysis of materials, and others in which objects could be virtualized can be significantly improved using this kind of device. These gloves have been an essential device in all research on the internet next generation called "Tactile Internet", in which this project is inserted. Unlike the works presented in the literature, the novelty of this work is related to architecture, and tactile devices developed. They are within the 10 ms round trip latency limits required in a tactile internet environment. Details of hardware and software designs of a tactile glove, as well as the virtual environment, are described. Results and comparative analysis about round trip latency time in the tactile internet environment is developed.
Asunto(s)
Guantes Protectores , Tacto/fisiología , Diseño de Equipo , Humanos , Movimiento (Física) , Programas Informáticos , VibraciónRESUMEN
The objectives of this study were to estimate: (a) the frequency of zoonoses in large animal veterinarians from rural areas of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and (b) to describe the use and disposal of personal protective equipment (PPE) and selective veterinary clinical waste. A cross-sectional study was carried out on large animal veterinary practitioners in the Province of Buenos Aires (n = 106). One third (29.2%) of them had been diagnosed with a zoonosis by laboratory-methods, being brucellosis the most frequent (22.6%). The more years passed since their graduation, the greater the chances of becoming ill (p < 0.001). Gloves were the most adopted PPE; however, other elements had little or no use at all. Older and experienced professionals used PPE less frequently than young inexperienced practitioners. Some PPE was frequently reused and the final disposal of veterinary waste was often inappropriate. A change in behavior is an urgent need to preserve not only the veterinarians' health but also their families' wellbeing and to ensure proper disposal of potentially hazardous waste.
Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron los siguientes: a) estimar la frecuencia de zoonosis en veterinarios de grandes animales que desarrollan su labor en la provincia de Buenos Aires; b) describir el uso y la disposición de los elementos de protección personal (EPP) y otros residuos generados durante el trabajo de estos veterinarios. Para ello se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra de 106 profesionales. En un tercio de ellos (29,2%) se había sido diagnosticado por métodos de laboratorio alguna zoonosis; la brucelosis fue la más frecuente (22,6%). Se encontró que a mayor tiempo transcurrido desde la graduación, mayor era la probabilidad de enfermarse (p< 0,001). Sobre la base de las respuestas obtenidas en cuestionarios estructurados, se determinó lo siguiente: que los guantes fueron el EPP más adoptado, mientras que otros elementos tuvieron escasa o nula adopción; que los profesionales de mayor edad y experiencia usaron EPP con menos frecuencia que los practicantes más jóvenes e inexpertos; y que algunos EPP se reutilizaban con frecuencia y que la eliminación final de los desechos veterinarios fue a menudo inapropiada. Considerando estos hallazgos, es claro que se requiere un cambio de comportamiento para preservar no solo la salud de los veterinarios, sino también para asegurar el bienestar de sus familias y garantizar la eliminación adecuada de los residuos potencialmente peligrosos.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Humanos , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Eliminación de Residuos Sanitarios , Veterinarios , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Zapatos , Brucelosis/prevención & control , Brucelosis/transmisión , Brucelosis/epidemiología , Zoonosis/prevención & control , Zoonosis/transmisión , Estudios Transversales , Entrevistas como Asunto , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Exposición Profesional , Eliminación de Residuos Sanitarios/normas , Eliminación de Residuos Sanitarios/métodos , Guantes Protectores , Equipos Desechables , Fómites , Equipo de Protección Personal , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & controlRESUMEN
The objectives of this study were to estimate: (a) the frequency of zoonoses in large animal veterinarians from rural areas of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and (b) to describe the use and disposal of personal protective equipment (PPE) and selective veterinary clinical waste. A cross-sectional study was carried out on large animal veterinary practitioners in the Province of Buenos Aires (n=106). One third (29.2%) of them had been diagnosed with a zoonosis by laboratory-methods, being brucellosis the most frequent (22.6%). The more years passed since their graduation, the greater the chances of becoming ill (p<0.001). Gloves were the most adopted PPE; however, other elements had little or no use at all. Older and experienced professionals used PPE less frequently than young inexperienced practitioners. Some PPE was frequently reused and the final disposal of veterinary waste was often inappropriate. A change in behavior is an urgent need to preserve not only the veterinarians' health but also their families' wellbeing and to ensure proper disposal of potentially hazardous waste.
Asunto(s)
Eliminación de Residuos Sanitarios , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Veterinarios , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Animales , Brucelosis/epidemiología , Brucelosis/prevención & control , Brucelosis/transmisión , Estudios Transversales , Equipos Desechables , Fómites , Guantes Protectores , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Eliminación de Residuos Sanitarios/métodos , Eliminación de Residuos Sanitarios/normas , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Exposición Profesional , Equipo de Protección Personal , Zapatos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Zoonosis/prevención & control , Zoonosis/transmisiónRESUMEN
As luvas são fundamentais para a proteção dos profissionais e pacientes contra a contaminação cruzada, especialmente no controle do risco de contato direto com fluidos corporais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar um experimento in vitro acerca das propriedades físicas das luvas de procedimento de látex, comercializadas nacionalmente, visando produzir evidências científicas para o uso seguro em situações de assistência à saúde. Três lotes diferentes de cada uma das cinco marcas de luvas de procedimento de látex foram avaliados antes do uso quanto à integridade física (presença ou não de rasgos e/ou furos). Os protocolos padrão da Society for Testing and Materials e da Food and Drug Administration American consistiram em preencher cada uma das luvas com 1.000mL de água e inspecionar danos imediatamente e após dois minutos. Ainda, quantificar e comparar a perfusão de corante através das diferentes marcas de luvas por meio de um protocolo original desenvolvido com vistas a simular a punctura acidental por agulha. Inicialmente, uma punção venosa foi simulada em um recipiente contendo cristal violeta (CV) a 1% coberto com uma placa de gelatina a 8%, que simulou a pele humana. Uma microplaca de poliestireno 96 poços foi coberta com uma luva e depois perfurada com uma agulha com calibre de 0,80x30mm acoplada à uma seringa de 20mL contendo 5mL de CV a 1%. Os resultados foram expressos em frequências absolutas e relativas. Além disso, dados obtidos da perfusão do corante através das diferentes marcas de luvas foram submetidos aos testes de normalidade (Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Shapiro-Wilk) e, posteriormente, ao teste de U de Mann-Whitney por meio do software IBM SPSS Statistics (versão 25) e nível de significância ?=5%. As luvas das marcas D (1%) e C (9,2 e 9,4%) apresentaram o melhor e o pior dos resultados de rasgos e/ou furos nas inspeções imediata e após dois minutos, respectivamente. Um total de 7% (n=21) dos rasgos e/ou furos da marca C ocorreram em um dedo/região das luvas, enquanto que 1,3% (n=4) estavam danificadas/rasgadas. A marca D permaneceu com o melhor resultado, pois apresentou somente 1% (n=3) de rasgos e/ou furos em um dedo/região. Os valores medianos das absorbâncias de todas as marcas de luva de procedimento de látex perfuradas foram inferiores ao valor mediano da absorbância da perfuração sem luva, confirmando uma retenção do cristal violeta através de todas as marcas de luva avaliadas (p<0,001). As luvas da marca E apresentaram a maior porcentagem de retenção do cristal violeta dentre todas as marcas (77,2%), seguida das luvas da marca B (65,6%). Em contrapartida, as luvas da marca D sinalizaram a menor porcentagem de retenção do cristal violeta (14,6%). Em conclusão, todas as marcas de luvas de procedimento de látex avaliadas apresentaram danos físicos com maior frequência na região entre os dedos. Ainda, em condições in vitro, as luvas de procedimento de látex mesmo depois de perfuradas barraram parcialmente a carga do material inoculado
Gloves are fundamental for professionals' and patients' protection against crosscontamination, especially in control of risk of contact with corporal fluids. The objective of this study was to perform an in vitro experiment about physical properties of latex procedure gloves, marketed nationally, aiming to produce scientific evidences for the safe use in health care situations. Three different batches of each one of five brands of latex procedure gloves were evaluated before and after the use regarding physical integrity (presence or absence of tears and/or holes). The standard protocols of Society for Testing and Materials and of Food and Drug Administration American consisted in fill each one of the gloves with 1,000mL of water and inspect damages immediately and after two minutes. Also, to quantify and compare dye infusion through different glove brands via an original protocol developed to simulate the accidental puncture by needle. Initially, a venipuncture was simulated in a receptacle containing crystal violet (CV) at 1% covered with a gel plate at 8%, that simulated the human skin. A 96-well polystyrene microplate was covered with a glove and then pierced by a needle with 0.80x30mm caliber coupled to a 20mL syringe containing 5mL of CV at 1%. The results were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies. Moreover, the data obtained from the dye infusion through different glove brands were submitted to normality tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk) and, later, to Mann-Whitney U test through IBM SPSS Statistics (version 25) software and ?=5% significance level. The gloves of brands D (1%) and C (9.2 and 9.4%) presented the best and the worst of the tears and/or holes results in the immediate and after two minutes inspections, respectively. A total of 7% (n=21) of tears and/or holes of brand C happened in one glove finger/region, while 1.3% (n=4) were damaged/torn. The brand D remained with the best result because presented only 1% (n=3) of tears and/or holes in one finger/region. The median values of absorbances of all brands of perforated latex procedure gloves were lower than the median value of absorbance of gloveless perforation, confirming a retention of crystal violet through all evaluated glove brands (p<0.001). The gloves of brand E presented the highest percentage of retention of crystal violet within all brands (77.2%), followed by gloves of brand B (65.6%). Conversely, the gloves of brand D indicated the lowest percentage of retention of crystal violet (14.6%). In conclusion, all brands of evaluated latex procedure gloves presented physical damages with higher frequency in the region between the fingers. Also, in in vitro conditions, the latex procedure gloves even after perforated partially blocked the load of inoculated material
Asunto(s)
Personal de Salud , Guantes Protectores , Contención de Riesgos Biológicos , Equipo de Protección PersonalRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Determinar el impacto causado por el tipo de herramienta y tipo de guante sobre la transmisibilidad de la vibración mano-brazo. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un diseño experimental a trabajadores del sector de hidrocarburos, con el objetivo de identificar la transmisibilidad global de los guantes en diferentes actividades. Las mediciones se realizaron a través de dos acelerómetros: uno instalado en la máquina y otro en la palma de la mano. La transmisibilidad fue calculada en el rango de frecuencias 0-2 kHz, para cinco tipos de herramientas y 3 tipos de guantes. Finalmente, se compararon los tiempos de exposición a los que puede estar expuesto el trabajador con el uso de los guantes. RESULTADOS: Se identificó la efectividad de los guantes para proteger a los operarios, permitiéndoles trabajar un mayor número de horas por día. El análisis estadístico evidencia que la variable tipo de herramienta tiene un efecto significativo sobre la transmisibilidad, mientras que el tipo de guante no presenta efecto estadístico alguno. El estudio presenta los porcentajes de aumento de tiempos de exposición y el estudio de las transmisibilidades. CONCLUSIONES: Los tres tipos de guantes evaluados mostraron tener un desempeño eficaz como atenuadores de la vibración. El aumento del tiempo de exposición permitido al usar guantes es muy significativo para todas las herramientas.
OBJECTIVE: Determine the impact caused by the type of tool and type of glove on the transmissibility of the hand-arm vibration. METHODS: An experimental design was carried out for workers in the hydrocarbon sector, in order to identify the global transmissibility of gloves in different activities. The measurements were made through two accelerometers: one installed in the machine and the other in the palm of the hand. The transmissibility was calculated in the fre quency range 0-2 kHz, for five types of tools and 3 types of gloves. Finally, the exposure times to which the worker may be exposed with the use of gloves were compared. RESULTS: The effectiveness of the gloves was identified to protect the workers, allowing them to work a greater number of hours per day. The statistical analysis shows that the variable type of tool has a significant effect on transmissibility, while the type of glove does not have any statistical effect. The study presents the percentages of increase in exposure times and the study of transmissibilities. CONCLUSIONS: The three types of gloves evaluated showed an effec tive performance as vibration attenuators. The increase of the expo sure time allowed when wearing gloves is very significant for all tools.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Vibración/efectos adversos , Guantes Protectores , Síndrome por Vibración de la Mano y el Brazo/prevención & control , Factores de Tiempo , Ensayo de Materiales , Exposición Profesional/prevención & control , Hidrocarburos , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Reduction in the prevalence of IgE-mediated allergy to latex proteins from gloves in patients may lead to lax attention by health care personnel to avoid use of latex products in latex-allergic subjects. Recent evidence from the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System shows an alarming continuation of adverse events mostly from latex urinary catheters. We are strongly advocating that health care personnel must continue to pay close attention to avoidance of latex in patients with a history of latex allergy.
Asunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad al Látex/epidemiología , Equipos y Suministros , Guantes Protectores , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad al Látex/prevención & control , RiesgoRESUMEN
An increasing production of natural rubber (NR) products has led to major challenges in waste management. In this study, the degradation of rubber latex gloves in a mineral salt medium (MSM) using a bacterial consortium, a mixed culture of the selected bacteria and a pure culture were studied. The highest 18% weight loss of the rubber gloves were detected after incubated with the mixed culture. The increased viable cell counts over incubation time indicated that cells used rubber gloves as sole carbon source leading to the degradation of the polymer. The growth behavior of NR-degrading bacteria on the latex gloves surface was investigated using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The occurrence of the aldehyde groups in the degradation products was observed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis. Rhodococcus pyridinivorans strain F5 gave the highest weight loss of rubber gloves among the isolated strain and posses latex clearing protein encoded by lcp gene. The mixed culture of the selected strains showed the potential in degrading rubber within 30 days and is considered to be used efficiently for rubber product degradation. This is the first report to demonstrate a strong ability to degrade rubber by Rhodococcus pyridinivorans.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Goma , Guantes Protectores , Biodegradación Ambiental , Consorcios MicrobianosRESUMEN
Abstract An increasing production of natural rubber (NR) products has led to major challenges in waste management. In this study, the degradation of rubber latex gloves in a mineral salt medium (MSM) using a bacterial consortium, a mixed culture of the selected bacteria and a pure culture were studied. The highest 18% weight loss of the rubber gloves were detected after incubated with the mixed culture. The increased viable cell counts over incubation time indicated that cells used rubber gloves as sole carbon source leading to the degradation of the polymer. The growth behavior of NR-degrading bacteria on the latex gloves surface was investigated using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The occurrence of the aldehyde groups in the degradation products was observed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis. Rhodococcus pyridinivorans strain F5 gave the highest weight loss of rubber gloves among the isolated strain and posses latex clearing protein encoded by lcp gene. The mixed culture of the selected strains showed the potential in degrading rubber within 30 days and is considered to be used efficiently for rubber product degradation. This is the first report to demonstrate a strong ability to degrade rubber by Rhodococcus pyridinivorans.
Asunto(s)
Goma/metabolismo , Microbiología del Suelo , Rhodococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Rhodococcus/metabolismo , Látex/metabolismo , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Rhodococcus/clasificación , Rhodococcus/genética , Guantes Protectores/microbiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the adhesion of the nursing team to the practice of hands hygiene (HH) and the use of latex gloves in a hemodialysis service. METHOD: this is a descriptive-exploratory study with a quantitative approach, performed between August and October 2016 in a hemodialysis service in the countryside of São Paulo State, Brazil, where the nursing team adhered to HH and the use of gloves. All ethical aspects have been contemplated. RESULTS: there were 1090 opportunities for HH, with the adhesion rate being only 16.6%. Regarding the use of gloves, of the 510 opportunities observed, there was correct use in 45%, reuse in 25% and absence of latex gloves in 29% of the time. CONCLUSION: the rate of HH and adherence to gloves is far from ideal, contributing to the increased risk of infection for both the user and the professional.
Asunto(s)
Guantes Protectores/estadística & datos numéricos , Higiene de las Manos/normas , Diálisis Renal/enfermería , Brasil , Adhesión a Directriz/normas , Adhesión a Directriz/estadística & datos numéricos , Higiene de las Manos/métodos , Higiene de las Manos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Grupo de Atención al Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Equipo de Protección Personal/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the adhesion of the nursing team to the practice of hands hygiene (HH) and the use of latex gloves in a hemodialysis service. Method: this is a descriptive-exploratory study with a quantitative approach, performed between August and October 2016 in a hemodialysis service in the countryside of São Paulo State, Brazil, where the nursing team adhered to HH and the use of gloves. All ethical aspects have been contemplated. Results: there were 1090 opportunities for HH, with the adhesion rate being only 16.6%. Regarding the use of gloves, of the 510 opportunities observed, there was correct use in 45%, reuse in 25% and absence of latex gloves in 29% of the time. Conclusion: the rate of HH and adherence to gloves is far from ideal, contributing to the increased risk of infection for both the user and the professional.
RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la adhesión del equipo de enfermería a la práctica de higienización de las manos (HM) y al uso de guantes en un servicio de hemodiálisis. Método: el estudio descriptivo-exploratorio y cuantitativo, realizado entre agosto y octubre de 2016 en un servicio de hemodiálisis del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil, donde se observó la adhesión del equipo de enfermería a la HM y al uso de guantes. Todos los aspectos éticos fueron contemplados. Resultados: se observó 1090 oportunidades de HM, siendo la tasa de adhesión de apenas el 16,6%. En cuanto al uso de guantes, de las 510 oportunidades observadas, hubo utilización correcta en un 45%, la reutilización en un 25% y ausencia del uso de guantes en un 29%. Conclusion: la tasa de HM y la adhesión al uso de guantes están muy por debajo del ideal, contribuyendo al aumento del riesgo de infección, tanto para el usuario y para el profesional.
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a adesão da equipe de enfermagem à prática de higienização das mãos (HM) e ao uso de luvas em um serviço de hemodiálise. Método: estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem quantitativa, realizado entre agosto e outubro de 2016 em um serviço de hemodiálise do interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, onde foi observada a adesão da equipe de enfermagem à HM e ao uso de luvas. Todos os aspectos éticos foram contemplados. Resultados: observou-se 1090 oportunidades de HM, sendo a taxa de adesão de apenas 16,6%. Quanto ao uso de luvas, das 510 oportunidades observadas, houve utilização correta em 45%, a reutilização em 25% e ausência do uso de luvas em 29% das vezes. Conclusão: a taxa de HM e a adesão ao uso de luvas estão muito aquém do ideal, contribuindo para o aumento do risco de infecção, tanto para o usuário como para o profissional.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Diálisis Renal/enfermería , Guantes Protectores/estadística & datos numéricos , Higiene de las Manos/normas , Grupo de Atención al Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil , Adhesión a Directriz/normas , Adhesión a Directriz/estadística & datos numéricos , Higiene de las Manos/métodos , Higiene de las Manos/estadística & datos numéricos , Equipo de Protección Personal/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
An increasing production of natural rubber (NR) products has led to major challenges in waste management. In this study, the degradation of rubber latex gloves in a mineral salt medium (MSM) using a bacterial consortium, a mixed culture of the selected bacteria and a pure culture were studied. The highest 18% weight loss of the rubber gloves were detected after incubated with the mixed culture. The increased viable cell counts over incubation time indicated that cells used rubber gloves as sole carbon source leading to the degradation of the polymer. The growth behavior of NR-degrading bacteria on the latex gloves surface was investigated using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The occurrence of the aldehyde groups in the degradation products was observed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis. Rhodococcus pyridinivorans strain F5 gave the highest weight loss of rubber gloves among the isolated strain and posses latex clearing protein encoded by lcp gene. The mixed culture of the selected strains showed the potential in degrading rubber within 30 days and is considered to be used efficiently for rubber product degradation. This is the first report to demonstrate a strong ability to degrade rubber by Rhodococcus pyridinivorans.
Asunto(s)
Látex/metabolismo , Rhodococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Rhodococcus/metabolismo , Goma/metabolismo , Microbiología del Suelo , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Guantes Protectores/microbiología , Rhodococcus/clasificación , Rhodococcus/genéticaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION:: Acinetobacter baumannii is a major pathogen causing infections in intensive care units (ICUs). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the presence of A. baumannii in an ICU environment and gloves from ICU workers and to characterize the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates in comparison with those isolated from ICU patients at the same hospital. METHODS:: ICU samples were collected from March to November 2010. Isolates biochemically characterized as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex were evaluated by PCR targeting the 16S rDNA and bla OXA-51 genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method, and carbapenem-resistant isolates were also evaluated for the minimum inhibitory concentration of imipenem using broth microdilution. The presence of the bla OXA-23 gene was evaluated in isolates with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems. RESULTS:: A. baumannii was detected in 9.5% (84) of the 886 samples collected from the ICU environment, including from furniture, medical devices, and gloves, with bed rails being the most contaminated location (23.8%; 20/84). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii was found in 98.8% (83/84) of non-clinical and 97.8% (45/46) of clinical isolates. Reduced susceptibility to carbapenems was detected in 83.3% (70/84) of non-clinical and 80.4% (37/46) of clinical isolates. All isolates resistant to carbapenems harbored bla OXA-23. CONCLUSIONS:: We found a strong similarity between the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of non-clinical and clinical A. baumannii isolates. Such data highlight the ICU environment as a potential origin for the persistence of MDR A. baumannii, and hence the ICU may be a source of hospital-acquired infections caused by this microorganism.
Asunto(s)
Acinetobacter baumannii/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Carbapenémicos/farmacología , Microbiología Ambiental , Equipos y Suministros de Hospitales/microbiología , Guantes Protectores/microbiología , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Acinetobacter baumannii/enzimología , Acinetobacter baumannii/aislamiento & purificación , Pruebas Antimicrobianas de Difusión por Disco , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
The traditional neurosurgical apprenticeship scheme includes the assessment of trainee's manual skills carried out by experienced surgeons. However, the introduction of surgical simulation technology presents a new paradigm where residents can refine surgical techniques on a simulator before putting them into practice in real patients. Unfortunately, in this new scheme, an experienced surgeon will not always be available to evaluate trainee's performance. For this reason, it is necessary to develop automatic mechanisms to estimate metrics for assessing manual dexterity in a quantitative way. Authors have proposed some hardware-software approaches to evaluate manual dexterity on surgical simulators. This paper presents IGlove, a wearable device that uses inertial sensors embedded on an elastic glove to capture hand movements. Metrics to assess manual dexterity are estimated from sensors signals using data processing and information analysis algorithms. It has been designed to be used with a neurosurgical simulator called Daubara NS Trainer, but can be easily adapted to another benchtop- and manikin-based medical simulators. The system was tested with a sample of 14 volunteers who performed a test that was designed to simultaneously evaluate their fine motor skills and the IGlove's functionalities. Metrics obtained by each of the participants are presented as results in this work; it is also shown how these metrics are used to automatically evaluate the level of manual dexterity of each volunteer.