RESUMEN
Resumo Em 2020, recebíamos, no Brasil, a tradução do livro Écrits sur l´aliénation et la liberté de Frantz Fanon que, aliado a outras obras como Pele negra, máscaras brancas e Os condenados da terra, apresentava a sociogenia como condição imprescindível para compreensão das vidas negras em sua relação com o sofrimento físico e psíquico e a possibilidade de um fazer clínico que não se pautasse apenas na dimensão filogenética e ontogenética dos estados mentais e físicos. Partindo da sociogenia fanoniana como princípio e método, este artigo objetiva refletir sobre a possibilidade de construção de um processo de formação em Psicologia que tome a dimensão sociogênica como espaço vital para que o cuidado possa ser pensado em relação às comunidades negras nos diferentes contextos brasileiros. Defendemos a necessidade urgente de a formação e a práxis em Psicologia assumirem a discussão da sociogênese fanoniana como imprescindível.
Resumen En 2020 recibimos la traducción brasileña del libro Écrits sur l´aliénation et la liberté, de Frantz Fanon. Combinado con otras obras como Piel negra, máscaras blancas y Los condenados de la tierra, el libro presenta la sociogenia como condición esencial para comprender las vidas negras en su relación con el sufrimiento físico y psíquico y la posibilidad de una práctica clínica que no se basa únicamente en la dimensión filogenética y ontogenética de los estados físicos y mentales. A partir de la sociogenia fanoniana como principio y método, este artículo tiene como objetivo principal reflexionar sobre las posibilidades de construir un proceso de formación en Psicología que aborde la dimensión sociogénica como un espacio vital para pensar el cuidado en relación con las comunidades negras en diferentes contextos brasileños. Defendemos la urgente necesidad de formación y praxis en Psicología para asumir como imprescindible la discusión de la sociogénesis fanoniana.
Abstract In 2020, we received the Brazilian translation of the book Écrits sur l´aliénation et la liberté (Alienation and freedom), by Frantz Fanon. Combined with other works such as Black skin, white masks and The wretched of the earth, the book presents sociogeny as an essential condition for understanding black lives in their relationship with physical and psychological suffering and the possibility of a clinical practice that is not based solely on the phylogenetic and ontogenetic dimension mental and physical states. Starting from Fanonian sociogeny as a principle and method, this paper aims to reflect on the possibility of building a training process in Psychology that takes the sociogenic dimension as a vital space so that care can be thought of in relation to black communities in different Brazilian contexts. We defend the urgent need for training and praxis in Psychology to assume the discussion of Fanonian sociogenesis as essential.
Asunto(s)
Psicología/educación , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Racismo/psicología , Salud de las Minorías ÉtnicasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: While there is evidence of differences in the disease characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) across ethnic and racial groups, there has been limited research on cognitive functioning. OBJECTIVE: To explore potential differences among Caucasian (CA), African-American (AA), and Hispanic (HA) adults from a clinical sample on the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS). METHODS: A total of 245 age- and disease duration-matched individuals (194 CA, 23 AA, and 28 HA) were included in the analyses. Their rates of impairment, using the criterion of two standard deviations (SD) below the normative mean, on the MACFIMS were compared using chi-square analyses with post-hoc pairwise comparisons (Bonferroni adjusted). RESULTS: Compared to CA, AA had higher rates of impairment on measures of complex attention (pâ<â0.001) and executive functions (pâ<â0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings raise questions of whether the observed differences reflect the more aggressive disease course noted among AA or are due to discrepancies in performance on neuropsychological assessment that is associated with race/ethnicity in the general population. Future directions and implications are discussed.
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Cognición/fisiología , Etnicidad/psicología , Esclerosis Múltiple/etnología , Esclerosis Múltiple/psicología , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Adulto , Negro o Afroamericano/etnología , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Atención/fisiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Trastornos del Conocimiento/complicaciones , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico , Población Blanca/etnología , Población Blanca/psicologíaRESUMEN
Ethnic-racial classification criteria are widely recognized to vary according to historical, cultural and political contexts. In Brazil, the strong influence of individual socio-economic factors on race/colour self-classification is well known. With the expansion of genomic technologies, the use of genomic ancestry has been suggested as a substitute for classification procedures such as self-declaring race, as if they represented the same concept. We investigated the association between genomic ancestry, the racial composition of census tracts and individual socioeconomic factors and self-declared race/colour in a cohort of 15,105 Brazilians. Results show that the probability of self-declaring as black or brown increases according to the proportion of African ancestry and varies widely among cities. In Porto Alegre, where most of the population is white, with every 10% increase in the proportion of African ancestry, the odds of self-declaring as black increased 14 times (95%CI 6.08-32.81). In Salvador, where most of the population is black or brown, that increase was of 3.98 times (95%CI 2.96-5.35). The racial composition of the area of residence was also associated with the probability of self-declaring as black or brown. Every 10% increase in the proportion of black and brown inhabitants in the residential census tract increased the odds of self-declaring as black by 1.33 times (95%CI 1.24-1.42). Ancestry alone does not explain self-declared race/colour. An emphasis on multiple situational contexts (both individual and collective) provides a more comprehensive framework for the study of the predictors of self-declared race/colour, a highly relevant construct in many different scenarios, such as public policy, sociology and medicine.
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Renta , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil , Ciudades/etnología , Ciudades/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios de Cohortes , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Filogenia , Grupos Raciales/genéticaRESUMEN
This study focuses on the VERB campaign and explores whether the campaign effects differed across socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity groups. Using a three-wave longitudinal survey dataset, this study found that the effects of exposure to the VERB campaign on behaviors were mediated by descriptive norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and intentions. More importantly, the VERB campaign increased intentions of being physically active by affecting PBC and descriptive norms across all social groups. When the link between intentions and behavior was taken into consideration, however, disparities between high and low SES, and majority and minority racial/ethnic group children emerged. The implications of this study for research on health disparities and public health communication campaigns are discussed.
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Ejercicio Físico , Comunicación en Salud/métodos , Promoción de la Salud , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Niño , Etnicidad/psicología , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Intención , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Grupos Minoritarios/psicología , Grupos Minoritarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Clase SocialRESUMEN
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To describe racial/ethnic differences in sleep duration, continuity, and perceived sleep quality in postmenopausal women and to identify statistical mediators of differences in sleep characteristics. METHODS: Recruited from the observational Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), 1,203 (548 white, 303 black, 147 Chinese, 132 Japanese, and 73 Hispanic; mean age 65 years, 97% postmenopausal) women participated in a week-long actigraphy and daily diary study in 2013-2015. Actigraphic measures of sleep duration and wake after sleep onset (WASO), and diary-rated sleep quality were averaged across the week. Candidate mediators included health-related variables; stress; and emotional well-being assessed up to 13 times across 18 years from baseline to sleep study. RESULTS: Whites slept longer than other groups; the significant mediators were concurrent financial hardship and increasing number of stressors for Hispanics or Japanese versus whites. Whites had less WASO than blacks and Hispanics; significant mediators were concurrent number of health problems, physical inactivity, waist circumference, vasomotor symptoms, number of life stressors, and financial hardship, and increasing number of health problems from baseline to sleep study. Whites reported better sleep quality than blacks, Chinese, and Japanese; significant mediators were concurrent physical inactivity, vasomotor symptoms, positive affect, and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep differences between blacks or Hispanics versus whites were mediated by health problems, number of stressors, and financial hardship, whereas sleep differences between Chinese or Japanese versus whites were mediated by emotional well-being. This is the first study using formal mediational approaches.
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad/psicología , Grupos Raciales/etnología , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Sueño/fisiología , Salud de la Mujer/etnología , Actigrafía/tendencias , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polisomnografía/tendencias , Posmenopausia/etnología , Posmenopausia/fisiología , Posmenopausia/psicología , Estados Unidos/etnología , Salud de la Mujer/tendenciasRESUMEN
Social justice tends to be narrowly defined as equality without due recognition of human dignity and respect for those whose daily lives continue to be adversely impacted by race. This article seeks to explore key issues and challenges at the intersection of social justice and race for couple and family therapy. These include: (a) defining social justice; (b) diversity and inclusion; (c) power and privilege; (d) witness; and (e) personal responsibility.
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Terapia de Parejas/ética , Terapia Familiar/ética , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Justicia Social/psicología , Humanos , Poder Psicológico , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze overweight and associated factors in young adult student girls children in a capital city of Northeast Brazil. METHOD: An analytical, quantitative study was conducted with 546 young adults from 26 schools in a capital city of the Brazilian Northeast. After obtaining the data by the application of a specific questionnaire, the hierarchical logistic regression was used to identify the confounding variables and predictors of overweight. RESULTS: The frequency of cases of overweight in this group was 36.6%. In the bivariate analysis, Overweight presented a statistically significant association with ethnicity, marital status, weight in childhood and overweight in adolescence, overweight in the family and exposure to alcohol, number of children, and age of menarche. In the final regression model, overweight remained associated with weight in childhood and age of menarche. CONCLUSION: Characteristics related to nutritional status in earlier life stages and gynecological issues were associated with Overweight during the young adult stage of the woman.
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Sobrepeso/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Femenino , Humanos , Menarquia/psicología , Oportunidad Relativa , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Instituciones Académicas/organización & administración , Instituciones Académicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate published articles regarding the development of indigenous children aged 0 to four years. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Systematic literature search. Parti cipants: Primary studies with populations of indigenous children aged 0 to four years. Type of studies: Primary studies with qualitative or quantitative methodologies published in the last ten years until November 2015. Databases: MEDLINE, Digital Library of the University of Girona: CERCADOR, EMBASE, Scielo. SEARCH STRATEGY: sensitive and specific. Free terms, MeSH, and Boolean. RESULTS: Nine articles remain for analysis. There are six central subjects related to intracultural patterns of expected development in indigenous childhood: 1) physical, 2) language, 3) socio-cognitive, 4) emo tional, 5) teaching-learning, 6) psychosocial, which reveal the existence of categories of sociocultural and spiritual contents. There is no defined period of time associated with the education. Learning is through observation and participation. Development is understood as a whole, intertwining the social, cultural, natural and spiritual. CONCLUSION: Spirituality and nature are at the center. Time as a goal to gain skills does not have a cultural function to demonstrate the acquisition of the inherent va lues to the culture. To base the assessment of development exclusively on psychomotor development as monitoring guide is insufficient to assess the integrality and complexity of the advances, abilities, and skills of indigenous children.
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Desarrollo Infantil , Desempeño Psicomotor , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Salud Infantil , Preescolar , Salud Global , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , EspiritualidadRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze overweight and associated factors in young adult student girls children in a capital city of Northeast Brazil. Method: An analytical, quantitative study was conducted with 546 young adults from 26 schools in a capital city of the Brazilian Northeast. After obtaining the data by the application of a specific questionnaire, the hierarchical logistic regression was used to identify the confounding variables and predictors of overweight. Results: The frequency of cases of overweight in this group was 36.6%. In the bivariate analysis, Overweight presented a statistically significant association with ethnicity, marital status, weight in childhood and overweight in adolescence, overweight in the family and exposure to alcohol, number of children, and age of menarche. In the final regression model, overweight remained associated with weight in childhood and age of menarche. Conclusion: Characteristics related to nutritional status in earlier life stages and gynecological issues were associated with Overweight during the young adult stage of the woman.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el Exceso Ponderal (EP) y los factores asociados en mujeres adultas jóvenes escolares de una capital del Nordeste brasileño. Método: Estudio analítico, cuantitativo, realizado con 546 adultos jóvenes de 26 escuelas de una capital del Nordeste brasileño. Después de obtener los datos por la aplicación de cuestionario específico, se utilizó la regresión logística jerarquizada para identificación de las variables confundidoras y predictoras del EP. Resultados: La frecuencia de casos de EP en ese grupo fue del 36,6%. En el análisis bivariado, el EP presentó asociación estadísticamente significativa con raza, situación conyugal, peso en la infancia y peso elevado en la adolescencia, EP en la familia y exposición al alcohol, número de hijos, y edad de la menarca. En el modelo final de la regresión, el EP permaneció asociado con peso en la infancia y edad de la menarca. Conclusión: Las características relacionadas con el estado nutricional en fases anteriores de la vida y las cuestiones ginecológicas estuvieron asociadas al EP durante la fase adulta joven de la mujer.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o Excesso Ponderal (EP) e os fatores associados em mulheres adultas jovens escolares de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro. Método: Estudo analítico, quantitativo, realizado com 546 adultas jovens de 26 escolas de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro. Após obtenção dos dados pela aplicação de questionário específico, utilizou-se a regressão logística hierarquizada para identificação das variáveis confundidoras e preditoras do EP. Resultados: A frequência de casos de EP nesse grupo foi de 36,6%. Na análise bivariada, o EP apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa com raça, situação conjugal, peso na infância e peso elevado na adolescência, EP na família e exposição ao álcool, número de filhos, e idade da menarca. No modelo final da regressão, o EP permaneceu associado com peso na infância e idade da menarca. Conclusão: Características relacionadas ao estado nutricional em fases anteriores da vida e questões ginecológicas estiveram associadas ao EP durante a fase adulta jovem da mulher.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Estudiantes/psicología , Sobrepeso/psicología , Instituciones Académicas/organización & administración , Instituciones Académicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Tiempo , Brasil , Menarquia/psicología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Oportunidad Relativa , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Sobrepeso/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Some aspects of patient experience are more strongly related to overall ratings of care than others, reflecting their importance to patients. However, little is known about whether the importance of different aspects of this experience differs across subgroups. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the aspects of health care most important to patients differ according to patient race, ethnicity, and language preference. RESEARCH DESIGN: In response to the 2013 Medicare Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study (CAHPS) survey, patients rated their overall health care and completed items measuring five patient experience domains. We estimated a linear regression model to assess associations between overall rating of care and the 5 domains, testing for differences in these relationships for race/ethnicity/language groups, controlling for covariates. SUBJECTS: In total 242,782 Medicare beneficiaries, age 65 years or older. MEASURES: Overall rating of health care, composite patient experience scores for: doctor communication, getting needed care, getting care quickly, customer service, and care coordination. RESULTS: A joint test of the interactions between the composite scores and the 5 largest racial/ethnic/language subgroups was statistically significant (P <0.0001), suggesting the importance of domains varied across subgroups. Doctor communication had the strongest relationship with care ratings for non-Hispanic whites and English-preferring Hispanics. Getting needed care had the strongest relationship for Spanish-preferring Hispanics and Asian/Pacific Islanders. Doctor communication and getting care quickly were strongest for African Americans. CONCLUSIONS: Tailoring quality improvement programs to the factors most important to the racial, ethnic, and language mix of the patient population of the practice, hospital, or plan may more efficiently reduce disparities and improve quality.
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad/psicología , Lenguaje , Satisfacción del Paciente/etnología , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Encuestas de Atención de la Salud , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Medicare , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Estados Unidos , Población Blanca/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although many minority patients would prefer a provider of their own race/ethnicity, the influence of this relationship on patient-provider communication remains unknown. This analysis examined the effect of patient-provider race/ethnicity concordance on patient-reported provider communication quality using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey years 2002-2012. METHODS: Ordinary least squares regressions were executed on communication rating, measured by the Consumer Assessment of Health Providers and Systems. RESULTS: Only 13.8% of black, non-Hispanic patients reported their usual source of care provider matched their race/ethnicity, compared with 94.4% of white, non-Hispanic patients and 43.8% of Hispanic patients. Differences in communication ratings were driven by patient race, rather than provider race. Although black, non-Hispanic patients rate their communication significantly higher than their counterparts overall, there was no significant influence of patient-provider racial concordance on ratings of communication when controlling for other sociodemographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Minorities may seek the services of minority providers, but they are not more satisfied with patient-provider communication experience than when in race-discordant provider arrangements.
Asunto(s)
Comunicación , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Satisfacción del Paciente/etnología , Satisfacción del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Blanca/psicología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
As reflexões propostas neste artigo buscaram evidenciar a participação das representações sociais na construção do racismo e discutir o seu papel na produção de alteridades e identidades. Tomamos como referência o contexto social brasileiro, onde o debate étnico-racial foi ampliado nas últimas décadas, mas no qual há ainda um quadro incipiente de formulações analíticas consensuais no campo acadêmico, assim como de proposições inclusivas no campo das políticas públicas que avancem para além das cotas ou reserva de vagas. Diante deste cenário, pontuamos que o referencial da Teoria das Representações Sociais é oportuno para possibilitar o conhecimento dos diferentes universos que transitam pelos mesmos espaços, por vezes de maneira desigual, e disputam a esfera pública. Salienta-se a necessidade de avançar na agenda de ações programáticas coerentes com as realidades e demandas dos diferentes segmentos sociais, por meio de planejamentos a curto, médio e longo prazos para que as representações sociais atravessadas pelo racismo sejam deslocadas, estereótipos sejam superados e novos significados sejam atribuídos às identidades de brancos e negros no Brasil. (AU)
The present essay tries to evidence the participation of social representations in the construction of racism and to discuss their role in the production of otherness and identity. The Brazilian social context has been taken as reference, where the ethnic and racial debate has grown within the last two decades, but in which there is still an incipient presence of consensual academic analysis, as well as a lack of inclusive propositions in public policies that could go beyond quotas or vacancy reserve. By observing this scenario, we clarify that the SRT (Social Representation Theory) is useful in order to make possible the acknowledgement of the different realities which may transit within the same spots, sometimes unequally, and dispute the public spheres. Here we highlight the need for going further in the agenda of coherent pragmatic actions and demands from diverse social segments, by planning short, mid and long term so that the social representations traversed by racism can be put aside, stereotypes can be overcome and new challenges can be put to the identity of black and white people in Brazil. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Psicología Social , Política Pública , Estereotipo , Racismo/psicología , Identificación Social , Personalidad , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Política PúblicaRESUMEN
Using data from focus groups conducted in Colombia, we explore how educated lay audiences faced with scenarios about ancestry and genetics draw on widespread and dominant notions of nation, race and belonging in Colombia to ascribe ancestry to collectivities and to themselves as individuals. People from a life sciences background tend to deploy idioms of race and genetics more readily than people from a humanities and race-critical background. When they considered individuals, people tempered or domesticated the more mechanistic explanations about racialized physical appearance, ancestry and genetics that were apparent at the collective level. Ideas of the latency and manifestation of invisible traits were an aspect of this domestication. People ceded ultimate authority to genetic science, but deployed it to work alongside what they already knew. Notions of genetic essentialism co-exist with the strategic use of genetic ancestry in ways that both fix and unfix race. Our data indicate the importance of attending to the different epistemological stances through which people define authoritative knowledge and to the importance of distinguishing the scale of resolution at which the question of diversity is being posed.
Asunto(s)
Actitud , Genética de Población , Apariencia Física , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Colombia , Grupos Focales , HumanosRESUMEN
This study investigates whether self-reported racial discrimination is related to poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Analyses focused on Whites (n = 52,571), Blacks (n = 4,343), Mexicans (n = 12,336), Central Americans (n = 1,504), Multi-ethnic Latinos (n = 1,102), and Other Latinos (n = 1,828) who participated in the 2003 and 2005 California Health Interview survey. Logistic and negative binomial regression was used to examine the association between HRQoL (assessed with the CDC unhealthy days measures) and self-reported racial discrimination. Discrimination was reported by 10% of Whites, 57% of Blacks, and 24-31% of the Latino groups. These reports were associated with increased number of unhealthy days, disability days, and poor self-rated health, even after, controlling for education and other factors. This association did not consistently vary by race/ethnicity. Racial discrimination may be a risk factor for poor HRQoL among diverse groups. Future research should examine the factors that may reduce potential exposure to racial discrimination.
Asunto(s)
Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Prejuicio , Calidad de Vida , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Autoinforme , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Negro o Afroamericano/estadística & datos numéricos , California , Personas con Discapacidad , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Población Blanca/psicología , Población Blanca/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Through the experiences of two West Africans shipped to Bahia as slaves, probably in the 1840s, then sold south to Rio de Janeiro where they met, became lovers, bought their freedom, married, and divorced, I comment on an ongoing debate over the refashioning or transfer of African ethnic identities in American slave societies. The sources in this Brazilian case suggest that previous identities were not suddenly erased, but rather, new layers of understanding and ways of responding were added. Whatever the dynamic of cultural formation, it was memory that crucially bridged the distance between the past they carried with them and the present into which they were thrust; and so it becomes illuminating to reconstruct the plausibly remembered African pasts on which this couple drew to make sense of an unfamiliar Brazilian present.
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad , Relaciones Interpersonales , Relaciones Raciales , Condiciones Sociales , Problemas Sociales , África Occidental/etnología , Antropología Cultural/educación , Antropología Cultural/historia , Brasil/etnología , Etnicidad/educación , Etnicidad/etnología , Etnicidad/historia , Etnicidad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Etnicidad/psicología , Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales/historia , Relaciones Raciales/historia , Relaciones Raciales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Relaciones Raciales/psicología , Grupos Raciales/educación , Grupos Raciales/etnología , Grupos Raciales/historia , Grupos Raciales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Condiciones Sociales/economía , Condiciones Sociales/historia , Condiciones Sociales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Problemas Sociales/economía , Problemas Sociales/etnología , Problemas Sociales/historia , Problemas Sociales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Problemas Sociales/psicologíaRESUMEN
The prevalence and immigration-related correlates of deliberate self-injury (DSI) and suicidal ideation (SI) were estimated in a sample of Boston public high school students in 2006. Compared with U.S.-born youth, immigrant youth were not at increased risk for DSI or SI, even if they had experienced discrimination due to their ancestry. By contrast, U.S.-born youth who reported having been discriminated against because of their ancestry had an increased risk of deliberate self-injury (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6-5.9) and suicidal ideation (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.2-3.8). The combination of being U.S.-born and experiencing ancestry-based discrimination identifies youth at increased risk for suicidal behavior.
Asunto(s)
Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Conducta Autodestructiva/psicología , Ideación Suicida , Adolescente , Boston/epidemiología , Intervalos de Confianza , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , Prejuicio , Prevalencia , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , Conducta Autodestructiva/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Impulsivity has been associated with serotonergic system functions. However, few researchers have investigated the relationship between a polymorphism in the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and the different components of impulsivity in a non-clinical population. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between a polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and the different components of impulsivity in a non-clinical population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We administered two neuropsychological tests, the Continuous Performance Task and the Iowa Gambling Task, to 127 healthy participants to measure their levels of motor, attentional and non-planning impulsivity. Then, these participants were grouped by genotype and gender, and their scores on impulsivity measures were compared. There were no significant differences between group scores on attentional, motor and non-planning impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that 5-HTTLPR genotype is not significantly associated with subsets of impulsive behavior in a non-clinical sample when measured by neuropsychological tests. These findings are discussed in terms of the sensitivity of neuropsychological tests to detect impulsivity in a non-clinical population and the role of gender and race in the relationship between the 5-HTTLPR and impulsivity.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Impulsiva/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Serotonina en la Membrana Plasmática/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Conducta Impulsiva/etnología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Población , Grupos Raciales/genética , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Caracteres Sexuales , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Aniversarios y Eventos Especiales , Antropología , Diversidad Cultural , Internacionalidad , Grupos Raciales , Antropología/educación , Antropología/historia , Etnicidad/educación , Etnicidad/etnología , Etnicidad/historia , Etnicidad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Etnicidad/psicología , Exposiciones como Asunto , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Internacionalidad/historia , Conocimiento , América Latina/etnología , Historia Natural/educación , Historia Natural/historia , América del Norte/etnología , Grupos Raciales/educación , Grupos Raciales/etnología , Grupos Raciales/historia , Grupos Raciales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Grupos Raciales/psicologíaAsunto(s)
Antropología , Diversidad Cultural , Exposiciones como Asunto , Grupos Raciales , Cambio Social , Aniversarios y Eventos Especiales , Antropología/educación , Antropología/historia , Etnicidad/educación , Etnicidad/etnología , Etnicidad/historia , Etnicidad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Etnicidad/psicología , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , México/etnología , Grupos Raciales/educación , Grupos Raciales/etnología , Grupos Raciales/historia , Grupos Raciales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Cambio Social/historia , Identificación Social , Estados Unidos/etnologíaRESUMEN
This paper examines racial differences in physical health and mental well-being in Guyana, South America: a country with cultural ties to the Caribbean. It explores the complex relationship among race, socioeconomic status and health outcomes which in developed societies continues to be of significant research interest. Utilizing a random probability sample of over 900 adults, the analyses provide information on the general physical and mental health status of this population and examine the differences by racial groups when other factors are controlled. The results indicate significant age-specific racial differences in physical and mental health in Guyana. Higher rates of diabetes, arthritis or rheumatism, back and breathing problems among Indo-Guyanese when compared to other groups were noted. Racial differences in physical health were attenuated when gender and educational levels were controlled.