RESUMEN
Dietary sodium restriction increases plasma triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations as well as causing insulin resistance and stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the sympathetic nervous system. Stimulation of the angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1) is associated with insulin resistance, inflammation, and the inhibition of adipogenesis. The current study investigated whether aerobic exercise training (AET) mitigates or inhibits the adverse effects of dietary sodium restriction on adiposity, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity in periepididymal adipose tissue. LDL receptor knockout mice were fed either a normal-sodium (NS; 1.27% NaCl) or a low-sodium (LS; 0.15% NaCl) diet and were either subjected to AET for 90 days or kept sedentary. Body mass, blood pressure (BP), hematocrit, plasma TC, TG, glucose and 24-hour urinary sodium (UNa) concentrations, insulin sensitivity, lipoprotein profile, histopathological analyses, and gene and protein expression were determined. The results were evaluated using two-way ANOVA. Differences were not observed in BP, hematocrit, diet consumption, and TC. The LS diet was found to enhance body mass, insulin resistance, plasma glucose, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-TG and reduce UNa, HDL-C, and HDL-TG, showing a pro-atherogenic lipid profile. In periepididymal adipose tissue, the LS diet increased tissue mass, TG, TC, AT1 receptor, pro-inflammatory macro-phages contents, and the area of adipocytes; contrarily, the LS diet decreased anti-inflammatory macrophages, protein contents and the transcription of genes related to insulin sensitivity. The AET prevented insulin resistance, but did not protect against dyslipidemia, adipose tissue pro-inflammatory profile, increased tissue mass, AT1 receptor expression, TG, and TC induced by the LS diet.
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Adiposidad , Dieta Hiposódica , Inflamación , Resistencia a la Insulina , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Animales , Ratones , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/prevención & control , Masculino , Ratones Noqueados , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Receptores de LDL/genética , Receptores de LDL/metabolismoRESUMEN
Tributyltin (TBT) is an organotin compound that has several adverse health effects, including the development of obesity. Although obesity is strongly associated with adipose redox imbalance, there is a lack of information on whether TBT promotes a pro-oxidative environment in WAT. Thus, adult male Wistar rats were randomly exposed to either vehicle (ethanol 0.4%) or TBT (1000 ng/kg) for 30 days. Body and fat pad masses, visceral fat morphology, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, redox status markers, and catalase activity were evaluated. TBT promoted increased adiposity and visceral fat, with hypertrophic adipocytes, but did not alter body mass and subcutaneous fat. ROS production and lipid peroxidation were elevated in TBT group, as well as catalase protein expression and activity, although protein oxidation and glutathione peroxidase protein expression remained unchanged. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that subacute TBT administration leads to visceral adipose redox imbalance, with increased oxidative stress. This enlights the understanding of the metabolic toxic outcomes of continuous exposure to TBT in mammals.
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Adiposidad , Catalasa , Grasa Intraabdominal , Peroxidación de Lípido , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas Wistar , Compuestos de Trialquiltina , Animales , Masculino , Compuestos de Trialquiltina/toxicidad , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Grasa Intraabdominal/efectos de los fármacos , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Adiposidad/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Catalasa/metabolismo , Ratas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/efectos de los fármacos , Carbonilación Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Grasa Intraabdominal , Riñón Poliquístico Autosómico Dominante , Humanos , Riñón Poliquístico Autosómico Dominante/metabolismo , Riñón Poliquístico Autosómico Dominante/diagnóstico , Riñón Poliquístico Autosómico Dominante/complicaciones , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Obesidad Abdominal/metabolismo , Obesidad Abdominal/complicaciones , AdiposidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human Adenovirus D-36 (HAdV-D36) promotes adipogenesis in cellular and animal models and may contribute to the development of human obesity. Induction of PPARγ by HAdV-D36 seems to have a central role in the maintenance of adipogenic status. There is limited information about epigenetic mechanisms contributing to this process in human adipose tissue. This study evaluated the expression of lncRNAs (ADINR, GAS5 and MEG3) and miRNAs (miR-18a and miR-140) involved in the adipogenic process in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of subjects with obesity with previous HAdV-D36 infection (seropositive) and unexposed (seronegative) subjects with obesity. METHODS: Individuals with obesity were grouped according to the presence of antibodies against HAdV-D36 (Seropositive: HAdV-D36[+], n = 29; and Seronegative: HAdV-D36[-], n = 28). Additionally, a group of individuals without obesity (n = 17) was selected as a control group. The HAdV-D36 serology was carried out by ELISA. Biopsies of VAT were obtained during an elective and clinically indicated surgery (bariatric or cholecystectomy). RNA extraction from VAT was performed and the expression of PPARG and non-coding RNAs was evaluated by qPCR. RESULTS: HAdV-D36[+] individuals had lower expression of anti-adipogenic lncRNAs GAS5 (p = 0.016) and MEG3 (p = 0.035) compared with HAdV-D36[-] subjects with obesity. HAdV-D36[+] subjects also presented increased expression of the adipogenic miRNA miR-18a (p = 0.042), which has been reported to be modulated by GAS5 through a RNA sponging mechanism during adipogenic differentiation. Additionally, an inverse correlation of GAS5 with PPARG expression was observed (r = -0.917, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that HAdV-D36 is related to non-coding RNAs implicated in adipogenesis, representing a potential mechanism by which previous HAdV-D36 infection could be associated with the long-term maintenance of adipogenic status, probably through the GAS5/miR-18a axis.
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Adipogénesis , Obesidad , ARN Largo no Codificante , Humanos , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/genética , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adipogénesis/genética , Adenovirus Humanos/genética , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Food deprivation has been associated with the development of metabolic pathologies. Few studies have explored the repercussions of a partial food deprivation following the reestablishment of an ad libitum diet. This study investigates the impact of a partial food deprivation (an 8-hour food intake restriction coupled with a 4-hour feeding window during the active phase) and the subsequent return to ad libitum feeding on the glycemic curve, food intake, and locomotor behavior. Wistar rats aged 45 days were subjected to 6 weeks of a partial food deprivation followed by 6 weeks of ad libitum feeding. Body weight, visceral fat, food intake, circadian glycemia, oral glucose tolerance, and locomotor activity were evaluated. It was found that the partial food deprivation resulted in the reduction of both the body weight and food intake; however, it increased visceral fat by 60%. Circadian glycemic values were altered at all intervals during the light phase, and glucose sensitivity improved at 60 minutes in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In the food-deprived group, the locomotor activity rhythm was reduced, with an observed delay in the peak of activity, reduction in total activity, and a decrease in the rhythmicity percentage. After the reestablishment of the ad libitum feeding, there was recovery of body weight, no difference in visceral fat, normalization of the food intake pattern, circadian glycemia, and oral glucose tolerance. Additionally, the return to ad libitum feeding restored locomotor activity, although the duration required for its complete recovery warrants further investigation. In conclusion, partial food deprivation induces physio-metabolic changes in rats, most of which are reversed after reestablishing ad libitum feeding.
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Glucemia , Ritmo Circadiano , Ingestión de Alimentos , Conducta Alimentaria , Privación de Alimentos , Grasa Intraabdominal , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Privación de Alimentos/fisiología , Masculino , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Glucemia/metabolismo , Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Peso Corporal/fisiología , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Ratas , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Factores de Tiempo , Locomoción/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Here we examined several morphometric and biochemical parameters linked to MS in a rodent litter size reduction model, and how a 30-day fish oil (FO) supplementation affected these parameters. On day 3 post-birth, pups were divided into groups of ten or three. On day 22, rats were split into control (C) and small litter (SL) until 60 days old. Then, after metabolic disturbance and obesity were confirmed, FO supplementation started for 30 days and the new groups were named control (C), FO supplemented (FO), obese (Ob), and obese FO supplemented (ObFO). Comparison was performed by Student t-test or 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. At the end of the 60-day period, SL rats were hyperphagic, obese, hypoinsulinemic, normoglycemic, and had high visceral fat depot and high interleukin (IL)-6 plasma concentration. Obese rats at 90 days of age were fatter, hyperphagic, hyperglycemic, hypertriacylgliceromic, hipoinsulinemic, with low innate immune response. IL-6 production ex vivo was higher, but in plasma it was not different from the control group. FO supplementation brought all biochemical changes to normal values, normalized food intake, and reduced body weight and fat mass in obese rats. The innate immune response was improved but still not as efficient as in lean animals. Our results suggested that as soon MS appears, FO supplementation must be used to ameliorate the morpho- and biochemical effects caused by MS and improve the innate immune response.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceites de Pescado , Síndrome Metabólico , Obesidad , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Síndrome Metabólico/dietoterapia , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratas , Resistencia a la Insulina , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/efectos de los fármacos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , FemeninoRESUMEN
Abdominal adiposity is associated with tumor development and poor clinical outcomes in breast cancer (BC) and can be identified by the measurement of waist circumference (WC) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This study aimed to evaluate the association between waist circumference (WC) and imaging measurement of central adiposity according to age group in women with BC. Abdominal adiposity was assessed by WC and VAT, obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Body mass index (BMI) was assessed. The presence of inflammation was investigated by measuring C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to verify the association between WC and VAT. The significance level adopted for all tests was 5%. This study included 112 women with a mean age of 55.5 ± 11.4 years. After adjusted models, WC remained associated with VAT and for every centimeter increase in WC, there was an increase of 3.12 cm2 (CI: 2.40 - 3.85; p < 0.001) in VAT. WC was associated with VAT in women with breast cancer, proving to be a simple, fast, and noninvasive approach that can be used as a proxy to identify visceral fat.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Grasa Intraabdominal , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Grasa Intraabdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Obesidad/metabolismo , Índice de Masa Corporal , Obesidad AbdominalRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between biomarkers of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and zinc transporter ZnT1 expression in human visceral adipose tissue. Visceral adipose tissue obtained from 47 adults undergoing laparoscopic surgery for cholecystectomy was used to analyze ZnT1 mRNA expression by RT-qPCR. ZnT1 mRNA levels were compared between subjects with normal weight, overweight, and obesity. A significantly lower ZnT1 expression was observed in overweight and obesity compared with normal-weight subjects (p = 0.0016). Moreover, subjects with normal weight had significantly higher serum zinc concentration (97.7 ± 13.1 mg/L) than subjects with overweight (87.0 ± 12.8 mg/L) and obesity (83.1 ± 6.6 mg/L) (p = 0.002). Pearson test showed a positive correlation between serum zinc concentrations and ZnT1 mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue (r = 0.323; p = 0.031) and a negative correlation with body mass index (r = - 0.358; p = 0.013). A linear regression model was used to analyze the associations between ZnT1 mRNA expression and serum zinc levels, insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), serum adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and serum inflammation biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein). Interestingly, leptin concentrations were negatively associated with ZnT1 mRNA expression (p = 0.012); however, no significant associations were found for the rest of the analyzed variables. Future research is needed to analyze the causality of negative association between ZntT1 expression in visceral adipose tissue and leptin.
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Proteínas de Transporte de Catión , Resistencia a la Insulina , Grasa Intraabdominal , Leptina , ARN Mensajero , Humanos , Proteínas de Transporte de Catión/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Catión/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Leptina/sangre , ARN Mensajero/sangre , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Zinc/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Inflamación/sangre , Inflamación/metabolismo , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/metabolismoRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) to protect white adipose tissue damage from cardiometabolic changes induced by severe hypertension. Male Wistar rats were uninephrectomised and divided: SHAM (weekly subcutaneous vehicle (mineral oil + propylene glycol, 1:1)), SHAM + EWH (subcutaneous vehicle plus EWH via gavage, 1 g/kg per day), DOCA (deoxycorticosterone acetate diluted in vehicle subcutaneously weekly in subsequent doses of 20 mg/kg -1st week, 12 mg/kg - 23th week, and 6 mg/kg -48th week, respectively, plus 1 % NaCl and 0·2 % KCl in drinking water), and DOCA + EWH. Body weight gain, food and water intake, glucose and lipid metabolism were evaluated. Oxidative stress was assessed by biochemical assay and immunofluorescence for NOX-1, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and caspase-3 in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rtWAT). Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and 1ß), CD163+ macrophage infiltration, and immunohistochemistry for TNFα and uncoupling protein-1 were evaluated, as well as histological analysis on rtWAT. Glutathione peroxidase and reductase were also determined in plasma. EWH showed hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties in the arterial hypertension DOCA-salt model. The results demonstrated the presence of functional changes in adipose tissue function by a decrease in macrophage infiltration and in the fluorescence intensity of NFκB, NOX-1, and caspase-3. A reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and restoration of antioxidant enzymatic activity and mitochondrial oxidative damage by reducing uncoupling protein-1 fluorescence intensity were also observed. EWH could be used as a potential alternative therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cardiometabolic complications associated with malignant secondary arterial hypertension.
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Tejido Adiposo Blanco , Acetato de Desoxicorticosterona , Clara de Huevo , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Masculino , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Clara de Huevo/química , Ratas , Hipertensión/metabolismo , Hipertensión/inducido químicamente , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacología , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína Desacopladora 1/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, and multifactorial disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (AT), and is associated with inflammation mainly in white adipose tissue (WAT) and an increase in pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and other immune cells. This milieu favors the secretion of cytokines and adipokines, contributing to AT dysfunction (ATD) and metabolic dysregulation. Numerous articles link specific changes in the gut microbiota (GM) to the development of obesity and its associated disorders, highlighting the role of diet, particularly fatty acid composition, in modulating the taxonomic profile. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a medium-fat-content diet (11%) supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids (D2) on the development of obesity, and on the composition of the GM compared with a control diet with a low fat content (4%) (D1) over a 6-month period. The effect of omega-3 supplementation on metabolic parameters and the modulation of the immunological microenvironment in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was also evaluated. Six-weeks-old mice were adapted for two weeks and then divided into two groups of eight mice each: a control group D1 and the experimental group D2. Their body weight was recorded at 0, 4, 12, and 24 weeks post-differential feeding and stool samples were simultaneously collected to determine the GM composition. Four mice per group were sacrificed on week 24 and their VAT was taken to determine the immune cells phenotypes (M1 or M2 macrophages) and inflammatory biomarkers. Blood samples were used to determine the glucose, total LDL and HDL cholesterol LDL, HDL and total cholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes, leptin, and adiponectin. Body weight measurement showed significant differences at 4 (D1 = 32.0 ± 2.0 g vs. D2 = 36.2 ± 4.5 g, p-value = 0.0339), 12 (D1 = 35.7 ± 4.1 g vs. D2 = 45.3 ± 4.9 g, p-value = 0.0009), and 24 weeks (D1 = 37.5 ± 4.7 g vs. D2 = 47.9 ± 4.7, p-value = 0.0009). The effects of diet on the GM composition changed over time: in the first 12 weeks, α and ß diversity differed considerably according to diet and weight increase. In contrast, at 24 weeks, the composition, although still different between groups D1 and D2, showed changes compared with previous samples, suggesting the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids in D2. With regard to metabolic analysis, the results did not reveal relevant changes in biomarkers in accordance with AT studies showing an anti-inflammatory environment and conserved structure and function, which is in contrast to reported findings for pathogenic obesity. In conclusion, the results suggest that the constant and sustained administration of omega-3 fatty acids induced specific changes in GM composition, mainly with increases in Lactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus species, which, in turn, modulated the immune metabolic response of AT in this mouse model of obesity.
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Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animales , Ratones , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Peso Corporal , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
Fatty acid (FA) metabolism dysfunction of white adipose tissue (WAT) underlies obesity and insulin resistance in response to high calorie intake and/or endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), among other factors. Arsenic is an EDC that has been associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, the combined effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) and arsenic exposure on WAT FA metabolism has been little studied. FA metabolism was evaluated in visceral (epididymal and retroperitoneal) and subcutaneous WAT of C57BL/6 male mice fed control or HFD (12 and 40% kcal fat, respectively) for 16 weeks together with an environmentally relevant chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water (100 µg/L) during the second half of the study. In mice fed HFD, arsenic potentiated the increase of serum markers of selective insulin resistance in WAT and fatty acid re-esterification and the decrease of the lipolysis index. Retroperitoneal was the WAT most affected, where the combination of arsenic and HFD in contrast to HFD, generated higher adipose weight, larger adipocytes, increased triglyceride content, and decreased fasting stimulated lipolysis evidenced by lower phosphorylation of HSL and perilipin. At the transcriptional level, arsenic in mice fed either diet downregulated genes involved in fatty acid uptake (LPL, CD36), oxidation (PPARα, CPT1), lipolysis (ADRß3) and glycerol transport (AQP7 and AQP9). Additionally, arsenic potentiated hyperinsulinemia induced by HFD, despite a slight increase in weight gain and food efficiency. Thus, the second hit of arsenic in sensitized mice by HFD worsens fatty acid metabolism impairment in WAT, mainly retroperitoneal, along with an exacerbated insulin resistance phenotype.
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Arsénico , Resistencia a la Insulina , Ratones , Masculino , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Arsénico/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Tejido Adiposo Blanco , Obesidad/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Visceral adiposity index (VAI) has been identified as a cardiometabolic risk marker in children and adolescents which reflects abdominal fat distribution. The aim of the present study was to evaluated the predictive capacity of VAI, a body shape index (ABSI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and triglycerides and glucose index (TyG index) compared with classical anthropometric measurements to discriminate metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS: This retrospective study included 1372 individuals. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical measurements were used to screen the prevalence of MetS components and to calculate VAI, ABSI, TyG index, and AIP. RESULTS: The discriminatory capacity among the variables was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). VAI was the variable with the highest AUC with 0.932 CI 95% (0.917-0.948), followed by AIP with 0.914 CI 95% (0.897-0.931), and TyG index with 0.889 CI 95% (0.871-0.908). CONCLUSION: VAI is a promising tool to identify MetS in the late adolescence setting. Among the novel adiposity indexes VAI, AIP, TyG index are able to determine MetS presence, while ABSI is not capable.
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Síndrome Metabólico , Adolescente , Niño , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Síndrome Metabólico/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Adiposidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Antropometría , Obesidad Abdominal/epidemiología , Triglicéridos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismoRESUMEN
Noncoding microRNAs are involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways and are powerful regulators of gene expression. The goals of this study were to evaluate the temporal expression profiles of miRNAs in rat adipose tissue and predict mRNA−microRNA interactions. Newly weaned Wistar rats were divided into groups fed a standard diet and high-sucrose diet (HSD). The HSD contains 66.86% carbohydrates (40.45% standard diet, 40.45% condensed milk, and 8.58% crystal sugar), and the HSD was provided for 4, 8 and 15-week periods to investigate the expression levels of miRNAs in visceral adipose tissue using RT−qPCR. Target selection, enriched pathways and networks were analyzed in silico. The factor consumption time significantly was associated to decreases (p < 0.05) in the expression levels of the following miRNAs: 124-5p, 125-5p, 126-5p, 200c-3p, and 212-3p in all experimental groups. The factor diet significantly influenced rno-miR-124-5p, 200c-3p, and 212-3p expression (p < 0.05). A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in rno-miR-27a-3p expression was observed. The biological processes involved key pathways regulating fat deposition. Our findings provide important insights into downregulated miRNA expression patterns in visceral adipose tissue, adiposity level, hyperinsulinemia and increased VLDL-c and triglyceride levels.
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Sacarosa en la Dieta , Grasa Intraabdominal , MicroARNs , Animales , Sacarosa en la Dieta/efectos adversos , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The negative effects of visceral adiposity accumulation on cardiovascular health have drawn much attention. However, the association between the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and Abdominal Aortic Calcification (AAC) has never been reported before. The authors aimed to investigate the association between the VAI and AAC in US adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were derived from the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of participants with complete data of VAI and AAC scores. Weighted multivariable regression and logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the independent relationship between VAI and AAC. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were also performed. RESULTS: A total of 2958 participants were enrolled and participants in the higher VAI tertile tended to have a higher mean AAC score and prevalence of severe AAC. In the fully adjusted model, a positive association between VAI and AAC score and severe AAC was observed (ß = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01â0.08; OR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01â1.07). Participants in the highest VAI tertile had a 0.41-unit higher AAC score (ß = 0.41, 95% CI 0.08â0.73) and a significantly 68% higher risk of severe AAC than those in the lowest VAI tertile (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.04â2.71). Subgroup analysis and interaction tests indicated that there was no dependence for the association of VAI and AAC. CONCLUSION: Visceral adiposity accumulation evaluated by the VAI was associated with a higher AAC score and an increased likelihood of severe AAC.
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Adiposidad , Grasa Intraabdominal , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Encuestas Nutricionales , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Semaglutide (GLP-1 agonist) was approved for treating obesity. Although the effects on weight loss and metabolism are known, the responses of adipocytes to semaglutide are yet limited. C57BL/6 male mice (n = 20/group) were fed a control diet (C) or a high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks and then separated into four groups (n = 10/group) for an additional four weeks: C, C diet and semaglutide, HF, and HF diet and semaglutide. Epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) fat pads were studied with biochemistry, immunohistochemistry/fluorescence, stereology, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In obese mice, semaglutide reduced the fat pad masses (eWAT, -55%; sWAT, -40%), plasmatic cytokines, and proinflammatory gene expressions: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (-60%); interleukin (IL)-6 (-55%); IL-1 beta (-40%); monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (-90%); and leptin (-80%). Semaglutide also lessened endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes of activating transcription factor-4 (-85%), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (-55%), and growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 45 (-45%). The obese mice's adipocyte hypertrophy and macrophage infiltration were equally reduced by semaglutide. Semaglutide enhanced multiloculation and uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) labeling in obese mice: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (+560%) and gamma (+150%), fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (+215%), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha coactivator (+110%), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (+260%), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (+120%). Semaglutide also increased thermogenetic gene expressions for the browning phenotype maintenance: beta-3 adrenergic receptor (+520%), PR domain containing 16 (+90%), and Ucp1 (+110%). In conclusion, semaglutide showed significant beneficial effects beyond weight loss, directly on fat pads and adipocytes of obese mice, remarkably anti-inflammatory, and reduced adipocyte size and ER stress. Besides, semaglutide activated adipocyte browning, improving UCP1, mitochondrial biogenesis, and thermogenic marker expressions help weight loss.
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Receptor del Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón , Grasa Intraabdominal , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico , Receptor del Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/agonistas , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Obesos , Obesidad/metabolismo , Receptores Activados del Proliferador del Peroxisoma , Grasa Subcutánea , Pérdida de Peso , Tejido Adiposo PardoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this is study was to analyse the expression of miR-193b, miR-378, miR-Let7-d, and miR-222 in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT), as well as their association with obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and their role in the regulation of genes controlling adipose tissue homeostasis, including adipocytokines, the phosphatase and tension homologue (PTEN), and tumour protein 53 (p53). MATERIAL AND METHODS: VAT was obtained from normal-weight (NW), overweight, and obese (OW/OB) subjects with and without IR. Stem-loop RT-qPCR was used to evaluate miRNA expression levels. miRTarBase 4.0, miRWalk, and DIANA-TarBase v8 were used for prediction of validated target gene of the miRNA analysed. A qPCR was used to evaluate PTEN, p53, leptin (LEP), and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) mRNA. RESULTS: miR-222 was lower in IR subjects, and miR-222 and miR-378 negatively correlated with HOMA-IR. PTEN and p53 are miR-222 direct targets according to databases. mRNA expression of PTEN and p53 was lower in OW/OB subjects with and without IR, compared to NW group and its levels positively associated with miR-222. Additionally, p53 and PTEN are positively associated with serum leptin levels. On the other hand, miR-193b and miR-378 negatively correlated with serum leptin but not with mRNA levels. Moreover, miR-Let-7d negatively correlated with serum adiponectin but not with adiponectin mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: Lower miR-222 levels are associated with IR, and PTEN and p53 expression; the implication of these genes in adipose tissue homeostasis needs more research.
Asunto(s)
Resistencia a la Insulina , MicroARNs , Humanos , Leptina/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina/genética , Adiponectina/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Obesidad , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/genética , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/metabolismoRESUMEN
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder of pregnancy and has considerable short- and long-term consequences for the health of both the mother and the newborn. Within its pathophysiology, genetic, nutritional, epigenetic, immunological, and hormonal components have been described. Within the last two items, it is known that different hormones and cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, known collectively as adipokines, are involved in the metabolic alterations underlying GDM. Although the maternal circulating profile of adipokines in GDM has been extensively studied, and there are excellent reviews on the subject, it is in recent years that more progress has been made in the study of their expression in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), placenta, and their concentrations in the umbilical circulation. Thus, this review compiles and organizes the most recent findings on the maternal and umbilical circulating profile and the levels of expression of adipokines in VAT, SAT, and placenta in GDM.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Gestacional , Adipoquinas/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Embarazo , Grasa Subcutánea/metabolismoRESUMEN
Given obesity and its associated metabolic disorders have reached epidemic proportions, the study of therapeutic strategies targeting white adipose tissue (WAT) are of main research interest. We previously shown that α-linolenic acid-rich chia seed was able to ameliorate a wide range of metabolic disorders including body fat accretion in sucrose-rich diet (SRD)-fed rats, an experimental model of visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chia seed administration upon WAT remodeling and key enzymes that controls lipolysis, insulin signaling (tAKT, pAKT), and GLUT-4 levels in different visceral fat pad depots (epididymal -eWAT- and retroperitoneal -rWAT- adipose tissues) of SRD-fed rats. Results showed that chia seed reduces adipocytes hypertrophy, the increased lipid content and collagen deposition in both WAT. These changes were accompanied by a significant reduction of HSL and ATGL protein levels in eWAT and HSL protein levels in rWAT. Moreover, chia seed restored the altered expression pattern of the pAKT observed in SRD-fed rats, and modulated GLUT-4 levels. Chia seed could be a dietary intervention of great relevance with potential beneficial effects in the management of body fat excess and WAT function.
Asunto(s)
Salvia , Ácido alfa-Linolénico , Adiposidad , Animales , Colágeno , Dieta , Insulina/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Roedores/metabolismo , Salvia/metabolismo , Salvia hispanica , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/farmacologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: Cardiovascular diseases represent the main cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and association of the hypertriglyceridemia-waist phenotype (HWP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) with cardiometabolic risk factors (CR) in patients with CKD on hemodialysis (HD). Materials and methods: The study is based on a cross-sectional design with 265 HD patients in two cities in northeastern Brazil. The VAI was calculated considering the variables body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). HWP was defined as the concomitant elevation of WC and TG. The Poisson Regression Model with robust variance estimation was adjusted considering a hierarchical approach for explanatory variables. Prevalence ratios (PR) were also estimated. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: In our study HWP and VAI prevalence's were 29.82% and 58.49%, respectively. In the final model, there was an association between VAI and female gender (PR = 1.46; p < 0.0001) and high body fat (% BF) (PR = 1.33; p < 0.0019). HWP was associated with females (PR = 1.80; p = 0.002), alcohol consumption (PR = 1.58; p = 0.033), obesity (PR = 1.89; p = 0.0001), high %BF (PR = 1.76; p = 0.012) and reduced HDL-c (PR = 1.48; p = 0.035). Conclusion: The HWP stood out as the association with more CR factors, representing a promising method for tracking cardiometabolic risk in HD patients, mainly female.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Triglicéridos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Adiposidad , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad CardiacaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases represent the main cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and association of the hypertriglyceridemia-waist phenotype (HWP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) with cardiometabolic risk factors (CR) in patients with CKD on hemodialysis (HD). METHODS: The study is based on a cross-sectional design with 265 HD patients in two cities in northeastern Brazil. The VAI was calculated considering the variables body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). HWP was defined as the concomitant elevation of WC and TG. The Poisson Regression Model with robust variance estimation was adjusted considering a hierarchical approach for explanatory variables. Prevalence ratios (PR) were also estimated. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: In our study HWP and VAI prevalence's were 29.82% and 58.49%, respectively. In the final model, there was an association between VAI and female gender (PR = 1.46; p < 0.0001) and high body fat (% BF) (PR = 1.33; p < 0.0019). HWP was associated with females (PR = 1.80; p = 0.002), alcohol consumption (PR = 1.58; p = 0.033), obesity (PR = 1.89; p = 0.0001), high %BF (PR = 1.76; p = 0.012) and reduced HDL-c (PR = 1.48; p = 0.035). CONCLUSION: The HWP stood out as the association with more CR factors, representing a promising method for tracking cardiometabolic risk in HD patients, mainly female.