RESUMEN

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as phenanthrene (PHE), are common pollutants found in coastal areas where shrimp farming is developed. Even though PAHs can have adverse effects on physiology, shrimp can detoxify and metabolize toxic compounds and neutralize the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during this process. This requires the activation of multiple antioxidant enzymes, including peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6). Prx6 uses glutathione (GSH) to reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides, a function shared with GSH peroxidase 4 (GPx4). Prx6 has been scarcely studied in crustaceans exposed to pollutants. Herein, we report a novel Prx6 from the shrimp Penaeus vannamei that is abundantly expressed in gills and hepatopancreas. To elucidate the involvement of Prx6 in response to PAHs, we analyzed its expression in the hepatopancreas of shrimp sub-lethally exposed to PHE (3.3 µg/L) and acetone (control) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, along with GPx4 expression, GSH-dependent peroxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation (indicated by TBARS). We found that GPx4 expression is not affected by PHE, but Prx6 expression and peroxidase activity decreased during the trial. This might contribute to the rise of TBARS found at 48 h of exposure. However, maintaining GPx4 expression could aid to minimize lipid damage during longer periods of exposure to PHE.

Asunto(s)

Glutatión Peroxidasa , Peroxidación de Lípido , Penaeidae , Peroxiredoxina VI , Fenantrenos , Fosfolípido Hidroperóxido Glutatión Peroxidasa , Animales , Fenantrenos/toxicidad , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Penaeidae/metabolismo , Penaeidae/efectos de los fármacos , Penaeidae/genética , Penaeidae/enzimología , Fosfolípido Hidroperóxido Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Fosfolípido Hidroperóxido Glutatión Peroxidasa/genética , Peroxiredoxina VI/metabolismo , Peroxiredoxina VI/genética , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/genética , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Hepatopáncreas/metabolismo , Hepatopáncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Branquias/metabolismo , Branquias/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Artrópodos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Artrópodos/genética

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antioxidant enzyme status in biological samples of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and compare them with biological samples of healthy people through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Antioxidant enzymes of catalase (CAT), sodium dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxide (GPx) were included in the analysis. A literature search was conducted of the PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library databases for studies published between January 1999 and December 2022. A total of 831 articles were selected, of which 131 were found to be relevant. Finally, the full texts of 12 studies were screened and included. Studies that evaluated other antioxidant enzymes were excluded. Standardised mean difference (SMD) was derived to conduct a meta-analysis using comprehensive meta-analysis v3 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA). A random effects model with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the effect size. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: CAT levels were measured in eight studies (n = 567) and the mean values for the OSCC and control groups were 4.81 ± 2.57 and 10.02 ± 1.81, respectively (SMD 3.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.42; P = 0.001). SOD level was evaluated in 11 studies (n = 762) and the values for the OSCC and control groups were 3.78 ± 1.45 and 7.34 ± 1.79, respectively (SMD 3.66, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.94; P = 0.001). GPx level was evaluated in 10 studies (n = 697) and the values for the OSCC and control groups were 13.33 ± 1.42 and 16.54 ± 2.9, respectively (SMD 1.91, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.77; P = 0.001). The heterogeneity between the studies was severe (I2 ≥ 90%). The risk of bias between studies was low to moderate. CONCLUSION: Analysis revealed that the levels of antioxidant enzymes decreased in biological samples of patients with OSSC as compared to healthy controls. Understanding the pathological progress of OSCC by analysing the level of antioxidant enzymes is beneficial in formulating a personalised, targeted pro-oxidant therapy for cancer treatment.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de la Boca , Oxidorreductasas , Humanos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Catalasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a healthcare issue of growing concern. Its development is multifactorial, and it is more commonly seen in obese patients. In those circumstances, intracellular lipid overload ensues, resulting in oxidative stress that might be responsible for progression toward steatohepatitis. Novel therapeutic approaches that are effective in weight management are expected to improve the course of MASLD. One of the potential mechanisms involved in such protective properties may relate to the reduction in oxidative stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The induction of steatosis and the assessment of oxidative stress level and expression of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase - SOD, glutathione peroxidase - GPx and catalase - Cat) in HepG2 hepatoma cell line subjected to glucagon and exenatide treatment. RESULTS: Exenatide monotherapy successfully reduced lipid accumulation by 25%. Significant reductions in markers of oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde) were obtained in cells subjected to combined treatment with glucagon and exenatide (by 24 and 21%, respectively). Reduced burden of oxidative stress was associated with elevated expression of SOD and GPx but not Cat. CONCLUSIONS: Combined activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptors reduces oxidative stress in HepG2 steatotic cell cultures. This observation may stem from increased antioxidative potential.

Asunto(s)

Catalasa , Exenatida , Glucagón , Glutatión Peroxidasa , Estrés Oxidativo , Superóxido Dismutasa , Humanos , Exenatida/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Células Hep G2 , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/efectos de los fármacos , Catalasa/metabolismo , Glucagón/metabolismo , Glucagón/farmacología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Hígado Graso/tratamiento farmacológico , Hígado Graso/metabolismo , Ponzoñas/farmacología , Péptidos/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The objective of the research was to conduct a comprehensive longitudinal analysis of the temporal dynamics of glutathione system functionality in individuals diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Specifically, the research was focused on investigating variations in the profiles of glutathione-dependent enzymes, with meticulous consideration given to the duration of the illness. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 300 individuals officially diagnosed with 'Paranoid Schizophrenia,' subdivided into five subgroups, each consisting of 60 patients. The subgroups were defined as follows: Subgroup I included 60 patients with a disease duration ranging from 3 to 5 years; Subgroup II comprised 60 patients with a duration of 6 to 10 years; Subgroup III consisted of 60 patients with a duration of 11 to 15 years; Subgroup IV included 60 patients with a duration of 16 to 20 years; and Subgroup V encompassed 60 patients with a duration of 21 years and older. The comparison group comprised 20 patients diagnosed with "Primary psychotic episode". RESULTS: Results: The research demonstrates a consistent and noteworthy reduction in the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase in various Subgroups of paranoid schizophrenia patients. The observed declines are particularly prominent within the first 3-5 years of the illness, show casing statistically significant reductions. Patients with prolonged illness durations, especially surpassing 21 years, display substantial reductions in all three enzymes, suggesting a cumulative enzymatic impact associated with prolonged illness. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The identification of critical periods of inhibition in the glutathione protection chain, provides valuable information about potential therapeutic interventions for individuals with paranoid schizophrenia.

Asunto(s)

Esquizofrenia Paranoide , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Reductasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Reductasa/sangre , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Adulto Joven , Estudios Longitudinales , Factores de Tiempo , Glutatión/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and oxidative stress has been shown in numerous studies. It has been shown that probiotics could be the effective treatment strategy in improving oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the effects of a new developed synbiotic yogurt on oxidative stress status in adults with MetS. Forty-four individuals were assigned into two groups and given 300 g of synbiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Chloromyces marcosianos yeast or regular yogurt for 12 weeks in this randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Before and after the intervention, biochemical parameters were assessed. Daily consumption of synbiotic yogurt in adults with MetS showed a statistically significant improvement in the level of glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.01) and total oxidant status (p = 0.006) compared to the regular yogurt. Total Antioxidant Capacity and superoxide dismutase levels increased significantly (p = 0.002 and p = 0.02, respectively) in the intervention group compared to the baseline levels. In adults with MetS, daily consumption of the synbiotic yogurt containing native strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Chloromyces marcosianos yeast for 12 weeks was associated with improvements in oxidative stress status.Trial registration number: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20220426054667N1) (18/05/2022).

Asunto(s)

Síndrome Metabólico , Estrés Oxidativo , Simbióticos , Yogur , Humanos , Yogur/microbiología , Masculino , Femenino , Síndrome Metabólico/dietoterapia , Síndrome Metabólico/terapia , Síndrome Metabólico/microbiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Konzo is a neglected paralytic neurological disease associated with food (cassava) poisoning that affects the world's poorest children and women of childbearing ages across regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Despite understanding the dietary factors that lead to konzo, the molecular markers and mechanisms that trigger this disease remain unknown. To identify potential protein biomarkers associated with a disease status, plasma was collected from two independent Congolese cohorts, a discovery cohort (n = 60) and validation cohort (n = 204), sampled 10 years apart and subjected to multiple high-throughput assays. We identified that Glutathione Peroxidase 3 (GPx3), a critical plasma-based antioxidant enzyme, was the sole protein examined that was both significantly and differentially abundant between affected and non-affected participants in both cohorts, with large reductions observed in those affected with konzo. Our findings raise the notion that reductions in key antioxidant mechanisms may be the biological risk factor for the development of konzo, particularly those mediated through pathways involving the glutathione peroxidase family.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores , Glutatión Peroxidasa , Humanos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Niño , Adulto Joven , Estudios de Cohortes , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente

RESUMEN

Plant essential oils (EOs)-based acaricides have been recognized as environmentally-friendly alternatives to synthetic acaricides because of their low toxicity against non-target species. Despite this, there are knowledge gaps regarding the toxicity mechanisms of plant EOs against non-target species. Here, the toxicology and enzymatic mechanism of Citrus reticulata and Citrus lemon EOs were evaluated against the vector pest, Haemaphysalis longicornis, and non-target ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis. Both EOs were mainly composed of d-Limonene, followed by ß-Myrcene and γ-Terpinene in C. reticulata, and (-)-ß-Pinene and γ-Terpinene in C. lemon. Citrus reticulata and C. lemon EOs were toxic to Hae. longicornis, with 50 % lethal concentration (LC50) values estimated at 0.43 and 0.98 µL/mL via nymphal immersion test, and 42.52 and 46.38 µL/mL via spray application, respectively. Among the constituents tested, ß-Myrcene was the most effective, with LC50 values of 0.17 and 47.87 µL/mL via immersion and spray treatment, respectively. A significant mortality of non-target Har. axyridis was found when treated by the EOs at concentrations two times greater than LC50 estimated against H. longicornis. The biochemical assay revealed that the EOs induced changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutases, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in Hae. longicornis and Har. axyridis. The results demonstrated the acaricidal potential of citrus EOs and their major constituents for tick control, revealed the risk of the EOs to non-target species, and provided relevant insights into the mechanisms underlying their toxicity.

Asunto(s)

Acaricidas , Citrus , Escarabajos , Ixodidae , Aceites Volátiles , Animales , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/toxicidad , Escarabajos/efectos de los fármacos , Ixodidae/efectos de los fármacos , Ixodidae/enzimología , Acaricidas/farmacología , Acaricidas/toxicidad , Monoterpenos Ciclohexánicos , Monoterpenos Bicíclicos/farmacología , Monoterpenos Acíclicos/toxicidad , Monoterpenos Acíclicos/farmacología , Limoneno/farmacología , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Monoterpenos/toxicidad , Ciclohexenos/toxicidad , Ciclohexenos/farmacología , Terpenos/farmacología , Catalasa/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Haemaphysalis longicornis

RESUMEN

Selenium is a vital trace mineral that is crucial for maintaining regular biological processes in aquatic animals. In this study, a four-week dietary trial was carried out to assess the impact of bio-fermented selenium (Bio-Se) on the growth and immune response of Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis. The crabs were randomly allocated to five dietary treatment groups, each receiving a different dose of Bio-Se. The doses included 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/kg and were accurately measured in basal diet formulations. The results showed the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate (SR) in the 1.5 mg/kg Bio-Se group were the highest, and 3.0 mg/kg of Bio-Se has an inhibitory effect on the WGR, SGR, and SR. The activities of the immune enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acid phosphatase (ACP), of the hepatopancreas were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the 1.5 mg/kg Bio-Se group, while they decreased (p < 0.05) in the 3.0 mg/kg feeding group compared to the 0 mg/kg feeding group. The concentration of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) exhibited the opposite pattern. Similarly, the mRNA expression levels of antimicrobial peptides (ALF-1, Crus-1, and LYS), ERK, and Relish genes were also observed to be the highest in the 1.5 mg/kg Bio-Se group compared with the other groups. Furthermore, the administration of 1.5 mg/kg of Bio-Se resulted in an increase in the thickness of the intestinal plica and mucosal layer, as well as in alterations in the intestinal microbial profile and bacterial diversity compared to the dose of 0 mg/kg of Bio-Se. Notably, the population of the beneficial bacterial phylum Fusobacteria was increased after crabs were fed the 1.5 mg/kg Bio-Se diet. In conclusion, the oral administration of 1.5 mg/kg of Bio-Se improved the growth efficiency, antioxidant capabilities, immunity, and intestinal health of E. sinensis. Through a broken-line analysis of the WGR against dietary Bio-Se levels, optimal dietary Bio-Se levels were determined to be 1.1 mg/kg. These findings contribute valuable insights to the understanding of crab cultivation and nutrition.

Asunto(s)

Braquiuros , Suplementos Dietéticos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Selenio , Animales , Selenio/farmacología , Braquiuros/crecimiento & desarrollo , Braquiuros/microbiología , Braquiuros/inmunología , Braquiuros/efectos de los fármacos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Fermentación , Alimentación Animal , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Hepatopáncreas/metabolismo , Hepatopáncreas/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by a predisposition to generate seizures. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiseizure drug that has demonstrated oxidant-antioxidant effects during the early stages of epilepsy in several animal models. However, the effect of LEV on oxidant-antioxidant activity during long-term epilepsy has not been studied. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of LEV on the concentrations of five antioxidant enzymes and on the levels of four oxidant stress markers in the hippocampus of rats with temporal lobe epilepsy at 5.7 months after status epilepticus (SE). The results revealed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly greater in the epileptic group (EPI) than in the control (CTRL), CTRL + LEV and EPI + LEV groups. No significant differences were found among the groups' oxidant markers. However, the ratios of SOD/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), SOD/glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and SOD/GPx + catalase (CAT) were greater in the EPI group than in the CTRL and EPI + LEV groups. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between SOD activity and GPx activity in the EPI + LEV group. LEV-mediated modulation of the antioxidant system appears to be time dependent; at 5.7 months after SE, the role of LEV may be as a stabilizer of the redox state.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Catalasa , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal , Glutatión Peroxidasa , Levetiracetam , Estrés Oxidativo , Superóxido Dismutasa , Animales , Levetiracetam/farmacología , Levetiracetam/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/tratamiento farmacológico , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/metabolismo , Masculino , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Catalasa/metabolismo , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacología , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Oxidantes/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite, is believed to exert neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects in the brain. This study aimed to examine KYNA's capacity to modify gene expression and the activity of cellular antioxidant enzymes in specific structures of the sheep brain. Anestrous sheep were infused intracerebroventricularly with two KYNA doses-lower (4 × 5 µg/60 µL/30 min, KYNA20) and higher (4 × 25 µg/60 µL/30 min, KYNA100)-at 30 min intervals. The abundance of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) mRNA, as well as enzyme activities, were determined in the medial-basal hypothalamus (MBH), the preoptic (POA) area of the hypothalamus, and in the hippocampal CA1 field. Both doses of KYNA caused a decrease (p < 0.01) in the expression of SOD2 and CAT mRNA in all structures examined compared to the control group (except for CAT in the POA at the KYNA100 dose). Furthermore, lower levels of SOD2 mRNA (p < 0.05) and CAT mRNA (p < 0.01) were found in the MBH and POA and in the POA and CA, respectively, in sheep administered with the KYNA20 dose. Different stimulatory effects on GPx1 mRNA expression were observed for both doses (p < 0.05-p < 0.01). KYNA exerted stimulatory but dose-dependent effects on SOD2, CAT, and GPx1 activities (p < 0.05-p < 0.001) in all brain tissues examined. The results indicate that KYNA may influence the level of oxidative stress in individual brain structures in sheep by modulating the expression of genes and the activity of at least SOD2, CAT, and GPx1. The present findings also expand the general knowledge about the potential neuroprotective properties of KYNA in the central nervous system.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Catalasa , Glutatión Peroxidasa GPX1 , Glutatión Peroxidasa , Hipocampo , Hipotálamo , Ácido Quinurénico , Superóxido Dismutasa , Animales , Ovinos , Ácido Quinurénico/metabolismo , Ácido Quinurénico/farmacología , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/efectos de los fármacos , Catalasa/metabolismo , Catalasa/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/genética , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino

RESUMEN

Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men. Some studies suggest that selenium Se (+4) may help prevent prostate cancer. Certain forms of Se (+4), such as Selol, have shown anticancer activity with demonstrated pro-oxidative effects, which can lead to cellular damage and cell death, making them potential candidates for cancer therapy. Our recent study in healthy mice found that Selol changes the oxidative-antioxidative status in blood and tissue. However, there are no data on the effect of Selol in mice with tumors, considering that the tumor itself influences this balance. This research investigated the impact of Selol on tumor morphology and oxidative-antioxidative status in blood and tumors, which may be crucial for the formulation's effectiveness. Our study was conducted on healthy and tumor-bearing animal models, which were either administered Selol or not. We determined antioxidant enzyme activities (Se-GPx, GPx, GST, and TrxR) spectrophotometrically in blood and the tumor. Furthermore, we measured plasma prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, plasma and tumor malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration as a biomarker of oxidative stress, selenium (Se) concentrations and the tumor ORAC value. Additionally, we assessed the impact of Selol on tumor morphology and the expression of p53, BCL2, and Ki-67. The results indicate that treatment with Selol influences the morphology of tumor cells, indicating a potential role in inducing cell death through necrosis. Long-term supplementation with Selol increased antioxidant enzyme activity in healthy animals and triggered oxidative stress in cancer cells, activating their antioxidant defense mechanisms. This research pathway shows promise in understanding the anticancer effects of Selol. Selol appears to increase the breakdown of cancer cells more effectively in small tumors than in larger ones. In advanced tumors, it may accelerate tumor growth if used as monotherapy. Therefore, further studies are necessary to evaluate its efficacy either in combination therapy or for the prevention of recurrence.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Estrés Oxidativo , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Masculino , Animales , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Ratones , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Selenio/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Compuestos de Selenio/farmacología , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Línea Celular Tumoral , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Selenium is essential for the synthesis and function of various selenoenzymes, such as glutathione peroxidases, selenoprotein P, and thioredoxin reductase. These enzymes play a critical role in both antioxidant defense and in limiting oxidative damage. Numerous studies have reported associations between serum selenium concentration, obstetric complications and pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the dietary intake of selenium, its serum concentration, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in subsequent trimesters of pregnancy affect the birth condition of newborns. This was assessed based on the APGAR score in the 1st and 5th minute of life, birth weight, body length and head and chest circumference in both physiological and complicated pregnancy courses. Twenty-seven pregnant women, with a mean age of 29.6 ± 4.8 years from the Lower Silesia region of Poland, participated in the study. Fifty-five percent of the study group experienced pregnancy complications. The median reported selenium intake and serum selenium content for Polish pregnant women in the first trimester was 56.30 µg/day and 43.89 µg/L, respectively. These figures changed in the second trimester to 58.31 µg/day and 41.97 µg/L and in the third trimester to 55.60 µg/day and 41.90 µg/L. In the subgroup of pregnant women with a physiological pregnancy course, a weak, positive correlation was observed in the first trimester between Se intake and the length (R = 0.48, p = 0.019) and the birth weight of newborns (R = 0.472, p = 0.022). In the second trimester, a positive correlation was noted with the APGAR score at the 1st (R = 0.680, p = 0.005) and 5th minutes (R = 0.55, p = 0.033), and in the third trimester with the APGAR score at the 1st minute (R = 0.658, p = 0.019). The glutathione peroxidase activity had a strong positive correlation with the APGAR score at the 1st min (R = 0.650, p = 0.008) in the second trimester and with the birth weight of the newborns (R = 0.598, p = 0.039) in the third trimester. No correlation was found between newborns' birth measurements and serum selenium concentration. In the subgroup of pregnant women with complications, a strong, negative correlation was found between Se intake in the second trimester and gestational age (R = -0.618, p = 0.032). In the third trimester, a positive correlation was noted between Se concentration in serum and head circumference (R = 0.587, p = 0.021). The results indicate that maternal selenium status during pregnancy, including dietary intake, serum concentration, and glutathione peroxidase activity, correlates with anthropometric parameters of the newborn, such as birth weight, length, and APGAR score, especially in pregnancies with a physiological course. However, these relationships diminish in importance when pregnancy complications occur.

Asunto(s)

Peso al Nacer , Estado Nutricional , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Selenio , Humanos , Femenino , Selenio/sangre , Embarazo , Adulto , Recién Nacido , Polonia , Complicaciones del Embarazo/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Adulto Joven , Puntaje de Apgar , Trimestres del Embarazo/sangre

RESUMEN

Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) and cAMP/Ca2+ responsive element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) regulate neuronal viability by maintaining the redox homeostasis. Since GPx1 and CREB reciprocally regulate each other, it is likely that GPx1-CREB interaction may play a neuroprotective role against oxidative stress, which are largely unknown. Thus, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of the reciprocal regulation between GPx1 and CREB in the male rat hippocampus. Under physiological condition, L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)-induced oxidative stress increased GPx1 expression, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity and CREB serine (S) 133 phosphorylation in CA1 neurons, but not dentate granule cells (DGC), which were diminished by GPx1 siRNA, U0126 or CREB knockdown. GPx1 knockdown inhibited ERK1/2 and CREB activations induced by BSO. CREB knockdown also decreased the efficacy of BSO on ERK1/2 activation. BSO facilitated dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-mediated mitochondrial fission in CA1 neurons, which abrogated by GPx1 knockdown and U0126. CREB knockdown blunted BSO-induced DRP1 upregulation without affecting DRP1 S616 phosphorylation ratio. Following status epilepticus (SE), GPx1 expression was reduced in CA1 neurons and DGC. SE also decreased CREB activity CA1 neurons, but not DGC. SE degenerated CA1 neurons, but not DGC, accompanied by mitochondrial elongation. These post-SE events were ameliorated by N-acetylcysteine (NAC, an antioxidant), but deteriorated by GPx1 knockdown. These findings indicate that a transient GPx1-ERK1/2-CREB activation may be a defense mechanism to protect hippocampal neurons against oxidative stress via maintenance of proper mitochondrial dynamics.

Asunto(s)

Proteína de Unión a Elemento de Respuesta al AMP Cíclico , Glutatión Peroxidasa GPX1 , Glutatión Peroxidasa , Hipocampo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Dinámicas Mitocondriales , Neuronas , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Estado Epiléptico , Animales , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Masculino , Neuronas/metabolismo , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/patología , Dinámicas Mitocondriales/efectos de los fármacos , Dinámicas Mitocondriales/fisiología , Estado Epiléptico/inducido químicamente , Estado Epiléptico/metabolismo , Estado Epiléptico/patología , Proteína de Unión a Elemento de Respuesta al AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Ratas , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/fisiología

RESUMEN

Oxidative stress is considered one of the main reasons for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Depending on the stage of the disease, variable activity of the main antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), is observed. Due to limited treatment methods for CRC, new substances with potential antitumor activity targeting pathways related to oxidative stress are currently being sought, with substances of natural origin, including betulin, leading the way. The betulin molecule is chemically modified to obtain new derivatives with improved pharmacokinetic properties and higher biological activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of betulin and its new derivatives on viability and major antioxidant systems in colorectal cancer cell lines. The study showed that betulin and its derivative EB5 affect the antioxidant enzyme activity to varying degrees at both the protein and mRNA levels. The SW1116 cell line is more resistant to the tested compounds than RKO, which may be due to differences in the genetic and epigenetic profiles of these lines.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Catalasa , Supervivencia Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Triterpenos , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Triterpenos/farmacología , Triterpenos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Catalasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Betulínico

RESUMEN

Testicular torsion is a common disorder in males and results in blockage of testicular circulation with subsequent damage of testicular germ cells. The current work aimed to compare the therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on torsion/detorsion (T/D) injury in rats. Forty mature male Wister rats were arranged into 4 groups; (1) Control, (2) T/D, (3) T/D + PRP, and (4) T/D+ i-PRF. The right testis was twisting 1080° clockwise for 3 h in groups 2, 3 and 4, then 10 µl of PRP or i-PRF was injected intra-testicular 3 h after detorsion in groups 3 and 4, respectively. After 30 days postoperatively, the semen quality and hormonal assay were improved in PRP and i-PRF-treated groups with superiority of i-PRF (P < 0.001). High significance of Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide Dismutase, Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), Caspase-3 and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was reported in treated rats with PRP and i-PRF (P < 0.001) with superiority to i-PRF-treated rats (P < 0.001). Testicular histoarchitectures were improved in PRP and i-PRF-treated rats with superiority of i-PRF-treated rats. It was concluded that PRP and i-PRF have regenerative efficacy on testicular damage after induced T/D injury with a superior efficacy of i-PRF.

Asunto(s)

Fibrina Rica en Plaquetas , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas , Ratas Wistar , Torsión del Cordón Espermático , Testículo , Animales , Masculino , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/terapia , Ratas , Testículo/lesiones , Testículo/patología , Fibrina Rica en Plaquetas/metabolismo , Análisis de Semen , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The exopolymer (ESPp) was obtained from Bacillus licheniformis IDN-EC, composed of a polyglutamic acid and polyglycerol phosphate chain O-substituted with αGal moieties (αGal/αGlcNH2 3:1 molar ratio) and with a 5000 Da molecular weight. The cytotoxicity activity of EPSp was determined by reducing the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) to formazan on HeLa cells. This EPS did not show cytotoxicity against the tested cell line. The ESPp presented great advantages as an antioxidant with free radical scavenging activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH),hydroxyl radical (OH), and superoxide anion (O2-)) (65 ± 1.2%, 98.7 ± 1.9%, and 97 ± 1.7%), respectively. Moreover, EPSp increased the enzyme activity for catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in HeLa cells (CAT, 2.6 ± 0.24 U/mL; and GSH-Px, 0.75 ± 0.3 U/L). The presence of ESPp showed a significant protective effect against H2O2 in the cell line studied, showing great viability (91.8 ± 2.8, 89.9 ± 2.9, and 93.5 ± 3.6%). The EPSp presented good emulsifying activity, only for vegetable oils, olive oil (50 ± 2.1%) and sesame (72 ± 3%). Sesame was effective compared to commercials products, Triton X-100 (52.38 ± 1.6%), Tween 20 (14.29 ± 1.1%), and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) (52.63 ± 1.6%). Furthermore, the EPS produced at 0.6 M has potential for environmental applications, such as the removal of hazardous materials by emulsification whilst resulting in positive health effects such as antioxidant activity and non-toxicity. EPSp is presented as a good exopolysaccharide for various applications.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Bacillus licheniformis , Humanos , Bacillus licheniformis/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Emulsionantes/química , Emulsionantes/farmacología , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Catalasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Plant glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are important enzymes for removing reactive oxygen species in plant cells and are closely related to the stress resistance of plants. This study identified the GPX gene family members of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), "CM333", at the whole-genome level to clarify their expression patterns and enzyme activity changes under abiotic stress and ABA treatment. The results showed that eight CaGPX genes were unevenly distributed across four chromosomes and one scaffold of the pepper genome, and their protein sequences had Cys residues typical of the plant GPX domains. The analysis of collinearity, phylogenetic tree, gene structure, and conserved motifs indicated that the CaGPX gene sequence is conserved, structurally similar, and more closely related to the sequence structure of Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, many cis elements involved in stress, hormones, development, and light response were found in the promoter region of the CaGPX gene. In addition, CaGPX1/4 and CaGPX6 were basically expressed in all tissues, and their expression levels were significantly upregulated under abiotic stress and ABA treatment. Subcellular localization showed that CaGPX1 and CaGPX4 are localized in chloroplasts. Additionally, the variations in glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) mostly agreed with the variations in gene expression. In summary, the CaGPXs gene may play an important role in the development of peppers and their response to abiotic stress and hormones.

Asunto(s)

Ácido Abscísico , Capsicum , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Glutatión Peroxidasa , Familia de Multigenes , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas , Estrés Fisiológico , Capsicum/genética , Capsicum/enzimología , Capsicum/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Ácido Abscísico/farmacología , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/genética , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Secuencia de Aminoácidos

RESUMEN

The most abundant tripeptide-glutathione (GSH)-and the major GSH-related enzymes-glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)-are highly significant in the regulation of tumor cell viability, initiation of tumor development, its progression, and drug resistance. The high level of GSH synthesis in different cancer types depends not only on the increasing expression of the key enzymes of the γ-glutamyl cycle but also on the changes in transport velocity of its precursor amino acids. The ability of GPxs to reduce hydroperoxides is used for cellular viability, and each member of the GPx family has a different mechanism of action and site for maintaining redox balance. GSTs not only catalyze the conjugation of GSH to electrophilic substances and the reduction of organic hydroperoxides but also take part in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways. By catalyzing the S-glutathionylation of key target proteins, GSTs are involved in the regulation of major cellular processes, including metabolism (e.g., glycolysis and the PPP), signal transduction, transcription regulation, and the development of resistance to anticancer drugs. In this review, recent findings in GSH synthesis, the roles and functions of GPxs, and GST isoforms in cancer development are discussed, along with the search for GST and GPx inhibitors for cancer treatment.

Asunto(s)

Glutatión Transferasa , Glutatión , Neoplasias , Transducción de Señal , Humanos , Glutatión/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Animales , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

This study used the brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining method to group buffalo oocytes (BCB+ and BCB-) and perform in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. At the same time, molecular biology techniques were used to detect gap junction protein expression and oxidative stress-related indicators to explore the molecular mechanism of BCB staining to predict oocyte developmental potential. The techniques of buffalo oocytes to analyse their developmental potential and used immunofluorescence staining to detect the expression level of CX43 protein, DCFH-DA probe staining to detect ROS levels and qPCR to detect the expression levels of the antioxidant-related genes SOD2 and GPX1. Our results showed that the in vitro maturation rate, embryo cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of buffalo oocytes in the BCB+ group were significantly higher than those in the BCB- group and the control group (p < .05). The expression level of CX43 protein in the BCB+ group was higher than that in the BCB- group both before and after maturation (p < .05). The intensity of ROS in the BCB+ group was significantly lower than that in the BCB- group (p < .05), and the expression levels of the antioxidant-related genes SOD2 and GPX1 in the BCB+ group were significantly higher than those in the BCB- group (p < .05). Brilliant cresyl blue staining could effectively predict the developmental potential of buffalo oocytes. The results of BCB staining were positively correlated with the expression of gap junction protein and antioxidant-related genes and negatively correlated with the reactive oxygen species level, suggesting that the mechanism of BCB staining in predicting the developmental potential of buffalo oocytes might be closely related to antioxidant activity.

Asunto(s)

Búfalos , Conexina 43 , Técnicas de Maduración In Vitro de los Oocitos , Oocitos , Oxazinas , Estrés Oxidativo , Animales , Oocitos/metabolismo , Conexina 43/genética , Conexina 43/metabolismo , Femenino , Técnicas de Maduración In Vitro de los Oocitos/veterinaria , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/genética , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/genética , Fertilización In Vitro/veterinaria , Técnicas de Cultivo de Embriones/veterinaria , Glutatión Peroxidasa GPX1 , Desarrollo Embrionario/fisiología , Coloración y Etiquetado , Antioxidantes/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Pests in agriculture cause significant economic damage by reducing production and product quality. While pesticides can be an alternative for pest control, their use has a significant impact on both the environment and human health. Chlorpyrifos, a widely used pesticide, affects both target and non-target organisms, including spiders. In this study, we investigated whether Misumenops maculissparsus spiders at three developmental stages (J0, J2, and adults) recognize the presence of the insecticide and how it affects their enzymatic activity. The results indicated that only J0 was able to recognize the insecticide and avoided surfaces treated with it. On the other hand, J0 and adults exhibited reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the activity of antioxidant enzymes was affected by the treatment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly in J0, catalase (CAT) in all stages, glutathione S-transferase (GST) in J2, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in J2 and adults. Chlorpyrifos exposure did not increase reactive oxygen species or alter cellular populations in any model.

Asunto(s)

Acetilcolinesterasa , Conducta Animal , Catalasa , Cloropirifos , Glutatión Peroxidasa , Glutatión Transferasa , Insecticidas , Arañas , Superóxido Dismutasa , Animales , Arañas/efectos de los fármacos , Arañas/fisiología , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Cloropirifos/toxicidad , Catalasa/metabolismo , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Femenino