RESUMEN
Implant-associated infection (IAI) is a prevalent and potentially fatal complication of orthopaedic surgery. Boosting antibacterial immunity, particularly the macrophage-mediated response, presents a promising therapeutic approach for managing persistent infections. In this study, we successfully isolated and purified a homogeneous and neutral water-soluble polysaccharide, designated as AM-1, from the edible fungus Agaricus blazei Murrill. Structure analysis revealed that AM-1 (Mw = 3.87 kDa) was a low-molecular-weight glucan characterized by a primary chain of â4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 â and side chains that were linked at the O-6 and O-3 positions. In vivo assays showed that AM-1 effectively attenuated the progression of infection and mitigated infectious bone destruction in IAI mouse models. Mechanistically, AM-1 promotes intracellular autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis by inducing the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB, finally enhancing the bactericidal capabilities and immune-modulatory functions of macrophages. These findings demonstrate that AM-1 significantly alleviates the progression of challenging IAIs as a presurgical immunoenhancer. Our research introduces a novel therapeutic strategy that employs natural polysaccharides to combat refractory infections.
Asunto(s)
Agaricus , Glucanos , Macrófagos , Animales , Ratones , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/inmunología , Agaricus/química , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Células RAW 264.7 , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/tratamiento farmacológico , Peso Molecular , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Transcripción Básicos con Cremalleras de Leucinas y Motivos Hélice-Asa-HéliceRESUMEN
Fucoxanthin (Fx) has garnered significant interest due to its exceptional biological properties. However, its efficacy in enhancing food quality and human health is contingent upon the solubility of the compound in water and its physicochemical stability. Therefore, nanocarriers must be developed to enhance the stability and biocompatibility of Fx. In this study, oxidized paramylon and Fx self-assembled nanoparticles (Fx-OEP) were prepared via the anti-solvent method, with a loading rate of 82.47 % for Fx. The Fx-OEP exhibited robust storage and photostability. In vitro simulated digestion assays demonstrated that Fx-OEP effectively protected Fx from premature gastric release, while achieving a release efficiency of 72.17 % in the intestinal phase. Fx-OEP has the capacity to scavenge a range of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by cellular oxidative stress. Treatment with Fx-OEP resulted in a significant reduction in ROS accumulation in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, which was attributed to the activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway. This, in turn, activated insulin receptor substrate 1/glucose transporter type 4 (IRS1/GLUT4), promoting cellular glucose absorption and utilization. These findings indicate the potential of self-assembled nanoparticles based on oxidized paramylon as a new type of nanocarrier for delivering hydrophobic substances.
Asunto(s)
Resistencia a la Insulina , Nanopartículas , Xantófilas , Humanos , Xantófilas/farmacología , Xantófilas/química , Nanopartículas/química , Células Hep G2 , Oxidación-Reducción , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/metabolismo , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Liberación de Fármacos , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler is a type of bioactive functional glass that releases six different ions. This study examined the effects of the S-PRG filler eluate on Streptococcus mutans in the presence of sucrose. In a solution containing S. mutans, the concentrations of BO33-, Al3+, Sr2+, and F- were significantly higher in the presence of the S-PRG filler eluate than in its absence (p < 0.001). The concentrations of these ions further increased in the presence of sucrose. Additionally, the S-PRG filler eluate significantly reduced glucan formation by S. mutans (p < 0.001) and significantly increased the pH of the bacterial suspension (p < 0.001). Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the S-PRG filler eluate downregulated genes involved in purine biosynthesis (purC, purF, purL, purM, and purN) and upregulated genes involved in osmotic pressure (opuAa and opuAb). At a low pH (5.0), the S-PRG filler eluate completely inhibited the growth of S. mutans in the presence of sucrose and significantly increased the osmotic pressure of the bacterial suspension compared with the control (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that ions released from the S-PRG filler induce gene expression changes and exert an inhibitory effect on S. mutans in the presence of sucrose.
Asunto(s)
Streptococcus mutans , Sacarosa , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sacarosa/farmacología , Sacarosa/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Glucanos/farmacología , Glucanos/química , Propiedades de Superficie , Presión Osmótica/efectos de los fármacos , Resinas Acrílicas , Dióxido de SilicioRESUMEN
Oat ß-(1 â 3, 1 â 4)-d-glucan (OBG), a linear polysaccharide primarily found in oat bran, has been demonstrated to possess immunomodulatory properties and regulate gut microbiota. This study aimed to investigate the impact of low molecular weight (Mw) OBG (155.2 kDa) on colonic injury and allergic symptoms induced by food allergy (FA), and to explore its potential mechanism. In Experiment 1, results indicated that oral OBG improved colonic inflammation and epithelial barrier, and significantly relieved allergy symptoms. Importantly, the OBG supplement altered the gut microbiota composition, particularly increasing the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and its genera, and promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate. However, in Experiment 2, the gut microbial depletion eliminated these protective effects of OBG on the colon in allergic mice. Further, in Experiment 3, fecal microbiota transplantation and sterile fecal filtrate transfer directly validated the role of OBG-mediated gut microbiota and its metabolites in relieving FA and its induced colonic injury. Our findings suggest that low Mw OBG can alleviate FA-induced colonic damage by increasing Lachnospiraceae abundance and butyrate production, and provide novel insights into the health benefits and mechanisms of dietary polysaccharide intervention for FA.
Asunto(s)
Avena , Butiratos , Colon , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Colon/patología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/metabolismo , Butiratos/metabolismo , Avena/química , Clostridiales , beta-Glucanos/farmacología , beta-Glucanos/química , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Masculino , Glucanos/farmacología , Glucanos/química , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Trasplante de Microbiota FecalRESUMEN
Paramylon is a polysaccharide primarily composed of ß-1,3-glucan, characterized by its high crystallinity and insolubility in water. Enhancing its water solubility through structural modifications presents an effective strategy to unlock its biological activity. In this study, carboxymethylation was employed to produce carboxymethylated paramylon (CEP) with varying carboxyl concentrations. The successful introduction of carboxyl groups led to a notable improvement in water solubility. In vivo experiments demonstrated that CEP reduced fasting blood glucose levels by 24.42 %, improved oral glucose tolerance, and enhanced insulin sensitivity in diabetic mice. Additionally, CEP regulated lipid homeostasis and ameliorated liver damage. Through modulation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway and the glucose-6-phosphatase/phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase pathway, CEP effectively regulated hepatic glucose absorption and production. Furthermore, CEP mitigated diabetes-induced lipid metabolism disorders. These findings suggest that CEP holds significant promise in ameliorating glucose metabolism disorder, indicating its potential as a novel hypoglycemic functional food.
Asunto(s)
Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Euglena gracilis , Glucanos , Hipoglucemiantes , Animales , Ratones , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Glucemia/metabolismo , Euglena gracilis/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Masculino , Metilación , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Resistencia a la Insulina , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , SolubilidadRESUMEN
The objective of this research was to fabricate pH-responsive and active films based on gellan gum (GG) and pullulan (PL) with extracts of Broussonetia papyrifera fruits (BPFE) and leaves (BPLE) by a casting method. Results indicated that the extracts had good compatibility with GG and PL, which were uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. The incorporation of BPFE and BPLE increased the thickness, UV-vis barrier property, mechanical strength, thermal stability and moisture content of the films, while decreasing the water contact angle. Notably, the films exhibited enhanced antioxidant properties, with maximum radical scavenging rates of 77.45 % using 2,2 Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 66.21 % using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). The antibacterial capability of the films also increased significantly after adding BPLE and BPFE. The results of XRD and FTIR showed that BPFE was bound to GG and PL by hydrogen bond. The release behavior of BPFE from the films agreed best with the first-level kinetic model. Furthermore, the films displayed obvious color responses to ammonia gas and different pH environments. Simultaneously, the films were applied to monitor the freshness of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fish. The color parameters of the films demonstrated high correlations with the freshness indexes measured through standard laboratory procedures.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Antioxidantes , Embalaje de Alimentos , Glucanos , Polisacáridos Bacterianos , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Concentración de Iones de HidrógenoRESUMEN
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of joints. It is one of the major causes of disability and morbidity worldwide. Administration of conventional drugs through the systemic route restricts the bioavailability of drugs, systemic toxicity, and reduced efficacy. We have introduced Rebamipide (Reb)-loaded Sinapic acid (SA)-Pullulan (PL) nanomicelles (Reb@SA-PL NMs), a nanotechnology based drug delivery system for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. PL is a polysaccharide obtained from the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, and SA is a bioactive polyphenol found in various plants. Both are classified by US-FDA Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) materials. Reb@SA-PL NMs found to be cytocompatible. Subsequently, intra-articular administration of Reb@SA-PL NMs enhances the anti-arthritic potential compared to free Reb drug in collagen-induced experimental inflammatory arthritis rat model. Reb@SA-PL NMs reduced the expression of RANKL receptor and Nf-κB. Reb@SA-PL NMs reverses the breakdown of type II collagen, MMP-13, and inhibits the pro-inflammatory markers. Reb@SA-PL NMs prevented bone erosion, cartilage degradation, joint oedema, and synovial inflammation. The results of the study demonstrated that Reb@SA-PL NMs, an enzyme-responsive drug delivery system, has excellent potential for alleviating inflammatory arthritis by blocking MMP-13 and RANKL.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Experimental , Ácidos Cumáricos , Glucanos , Animales , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis Experimental/patología , Ratas , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/farmacología , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Masculino , Nanopartículas/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Chronic wounds represent a formidable global healthcare challenge due to the bacteria infections and uncontrollable inflammation responses, while developing wound healing materials capable of resolving these issues remains a challenge. In this study, we integrated xyloglucan (XG) with Pluronic F127 diacrylate (F127DA)to develop a composite hydrogel for wound healing, where the XG introduced anti-inflammation and anti-bacterial properties to the construct, and F127DA provides the photocurable properties essential for hydrogel formation and robust mechanical characteristics to achieve physical strength that matches tissue regeneration. The material characterizations suggested that XG/F127DA hydrogels had great biostability, blood compatibility and antibacterial effects, which was suitable to be used as a wound healing material. The in vitro analysis by culturing L929 fibroblasts on the hydrogel surface demonstrated that the inclusion of XG could promote the cellular proliferation rate, migration rate, and re-epithelialization-related marker expression, while downregulate the inflammation process. The XG/F127DA hydrogel was further used for the full-thickness skin wound healing test on mice, where the inclusion of XG significantly increased the wound closure rate through reducing the inflammation responses, and promote re-epithelialization and angiogenesis. These results indicated that XG/F127DA hydrogel has great potential to be used for wound healing in future clinical translation.
Asunto(s)
Glucanos , Hidrogeles , Micelas , Poloxámero , Cicatrización de Heridas , Xilanos , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Poloxámero/química , Xilanos/química , Xilanos/farmacología , Animales , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Hidrogeles/química , Hidrogeles/farmacología , Ratones , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Antibacterial hydrogels as burn wound dressings are capable of efficaciously defending against bacterial infection and accelerating burn wound healing. Thus far, a large plethora of antibacterial hydrogels have adopted numerous components and intricate preparation processes, yet restricting their practical industrialization applications. Simple and effective preparation methods of antibacterial hydrogels are hence urgently needed. Herein, an easy but efficacious strategy with the employment of two natural products pullulan and ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) was designed to fabricate composite antibacterial hydrogels for burn wound healing for the first time. The hydrogel crosslinking networks were formed through amidation reactions between carboxylated pullulan derivative (CP) and ε-poly-l-lysine hydrochloride (ε-PL·HCl). The resulting hydrogels possessed high transparency, porous structures, tunable gelation time and gel content, relatively low swelling ratios, appropriate self-degradability, proper mechanical properties, strong in vitro bacteriostatic activities, non-cytotoxicity, capacities of facilitating cell migration and excellent hemocompatibility. In the infected burn model of mice, the hydrogels were observed to display prominent in vivo antibacterial activities and enable the acceleration of burn wound healing. We opine the simply and effectively prepared antibacterial hydrogels as promising dressings for burn wound recovery have broad industrialization prospects.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Quemaduras , Glucanos , Hidrogeles , Polilisina , Cicatrización de Heridas , Hidrogeles/química , Hidrogeles/farmacología , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Polilisina/química , Polilisina/farmacología , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Animales , Quemaduras/tratamiento farmacológico , Quemaduras/terapia , Ratones , Productos Biológicos/química , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
The polysaccharide glucan was extracted from Gastrodia elata Blume, and its structural characterizations and beneficial effects against acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis were investigated. The results showed that a polysaccharide GP with a molecular weight of 811.0 kDa was isolated from G. elata Blume. It had a backbone of α-D-1,4-linked glucan with branches of α-d-glucose linked to the C-6 position. GP exhibited protective effects against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, and reflected in ameliorating weight loss and pathological damages in mice, increasing colon length, inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), decreasing the levels of inflammatory related proteins NLRP3 and ASC, and elevating the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) level in mouse colon tissues. GP supplementation also reinforced the intestinal barrier by promoting the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and MUC2 of colon tissues, and positively regulated intestinal microbiota. Thus, GP treatment possessed a significant improvement in ulcerative colitis in mice, and it was expected to be developed as a functional food.
Asunto(s)
Sulfato de Dextran , Gastrodia , Glucanos , Animales , Sulfato de Dextran/efectos adversos , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Ratones , Gastrodia/química , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colitis Ulcerosa/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/patología , Colon/metabolismo , Peso MolecularRESUMEN
Epimedium, a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used as a dietary supplement, contains polysaccharides and flavonoids as its main bioactive ingredients. In this study, a neutral homogeneous polysaccharide (EPSN-1) was isolated from Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. EPSN-1 was identified as a glucan with a backbone of â4)-α-D-Glcp-(1â, branched units comprised α-D-Glcp-(1â6)-α-D-Glcp-(1â, ß-D-Glcp-(1â6)-ß-D-Glcp-(1â and α-D-Glcp-(1â connected to the C6 position of backbone. The conformation of EPSN-1 in aqueous solution indicated its potential to form nanoparticles. This paper aims to investigate the carrier and pharmacodynamic activity of EPSN-1. The findings demonstrated that, on the one hand, EPSN-1, as a functional ingredient, may load Icariin (ICA) through non-covalent interactions, improving its biopharmaceutical properties such as solubility and stability, thereby improving its intestinal absorption. Additionally, as an effective ingredient, EPSN-1 could help maintain the balance of the intestinal environment by increasing the abundance of Parabacteroides, Lachnospiraceae UGG-001, Anaeroplasma, and Eubacterium xylanophilum group, while decreasing the abundance of Allobaculum, Blautia, and Adlercreutzia. Overall, this dual action of EPSN-1 sheds light on the potential applications of natural polysaccharides, highlighting their dual role as carriers and contributors to biological activity.
Asunto(s)
Epimedium , Flavonoides , Glucanos , Hiperplasia Prostática , Epimedium/química , Masculino , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Glucanos/aislamiento & purificación , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Brown seaweed-derived polysaccharides, notably fucoidan and laminarin, are known for their extensive array of bioactivities and physicochemical properties. However, the effects of upper digestive tract modification on the bioactive performance of fucoidan and laminarin fractions (FLFs) sourced from Australian native species are largely unknown. Here, the digestibility and bioaccessibility of FLFs were evaluated by tracking the dynamic changes in reducing sugar content (CR), profiling the free monosaccharide composition using LC-MS, and comparing high-performance gel permeation chromatography profile variation via LC-SEC-RI. The effects of digestive progression on bioactive performance were assessed by comparing the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of FLFs and FLF digesta. We observed that molecular weight (Mw) decreased during gastric digestion indicating that FLF aggregates were disrupted in the stomach. During intestinal digestion, Mw gradually decreased and CR increased indicating cleavage of glycosidic bonds releasing free sugars. Although the antioxidant and antidiabetic capacities were not eliminated by the digestion progression, the bioactive performance of FLFs under a digestive environment was reduced contrasting with the same concentration level of the undigested FLFs. These data provide comprehensive information on the digestibility and bioaccessibility of FLFs, and shed light on the effects of digestive progression on bioactive expression.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Polisacáridos , Algas Marinas , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Algas Marinas/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Tracto Gastrointestinal Superior/metabolismo , Tracto Gastrointestinal Superior/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Molecular , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Digestión/efectos de los fármacos , Sulfatos/química , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Phaeophyceae/química , HumanosRESUMEN
The development of novel packaging materials with antimicrobial properties is crucial in preventing the microbial-induced spoilage of fruits, vegetables, and foodborne illnesses. In this study, homojunction g-C3N4 (HCN) photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic performance were incorporated into a matrix consisting of pullulan/chitosan (Pul/CS). These photocatalysts were then electrostatically spun onto polylactic acid (PLA) films to fabricate PLA@Pul/CS/HCN nanofibrous composite films. The design of the bilayer films aimed to combine the physical properties of PLA film with the excellent antibacterial properties of nanofiber films, thereby achieving synergistic advantages. The incorporation of the HCN photocatalysts resulted in enhanced hydrophobicity, barrier function, and mechanical properties of the composite films. Under visible light irradiation, the PLA@Pul/CS/HCN films exhibited approximately 3.43 log and 3.11 log reductions of Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), respectively, within 2 h. The excellent antimicrobial performance could be attributed to the synergistic effect of CS and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from HCN. Moreover, the strawberries packaged in the PLA@Pul/CS/HCN film demonstrated diminished quality degradation and a prolonged shelf life following visible light irradiation treatment. This study will provide new insights into the exploration of safe and efficient antimicrobial food packaging.
Asunto(s)
Quitosano , Embalaje de Alimentos , Frutas , Glucanos , Luz , Poliésteres , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Poliésteres/química , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/farmacología , Frutas/química , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Fragaria/microbiología , Nanofibras/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/química , Grafito , Compuestos de NitrógenoRESUMEN
Polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems are in high demand due to their biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and low-cost. In this study, sialic acid receptor targeted 4-carboxy phenylboronic acid modified pullulan-stearic acid conjugate (4-cPBA-PUL-SA) was synthesized and characterized for the delivery of Berberine (BBR). BBR-loaded 4-cPBA-PUL-SA nanoparticles (BPPNPs) were monodispersed (PDI: 0.238 ± 0.07), with an average hydrodynamic particle size of 191.6 nm and 73.6 % encapsulation efficiency. BPPNPs showed controlled BBR release and excellent colloidal stability, indicating their potential for drug delivery application. The cytotoxicity results indicated that BPPNPs exhibited dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity against human epidermoid carcinoma cells (A431) as well as 3D spheroids. Targeted BPPNPs demonstrated significantly higher anticancer activity compared to BBR and non-targeted BPNPs. The IC50 values for BPPNPs (2.29 µg/ml) were significantly lower than BPNPs (4.13 µg/ml) and BBR (19.61 µg/ml), indicating its potential for skin cancer treatment. Furthermore, CSLM images of A431 cells and 3D spheroids demonstrated that BPPNPs have higher cellular uptake and induced apoptosis compared to free BBR and BPNPs. In conclusion, BPPNPs demonstrate promising potential as an effective drug delivery system for skin cancer therapy.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Berberina , Ácidos Borónicos , Glucanos , Nanopartículas , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Esferoides Celulares , Humanos , Berberina/química , Berberina/farmacología , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Ácidos Borónicos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Esferoides Celulares/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Tamaño de la Partícula , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Pro-inflammatory fungal ß-d-glucan (BDG) polysaccharides cause respiratory pathology. However, specific immunological effects of unique BDG structures on pulmonary inflammation are understudied. We characterized the effect of four unique fungal BDGs with unique branching patterns, solubility, and molecular weights in murine airways. Scleroglucan (1 â 3)(1 â 6)-highly branched BDG, laminarin (1 â 3)(1 â 6)-branched BDG, curdlan (1 â 3)-linear BDG, and pustulan (1 â 6)-linear BDG were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Each BDG was tested by inhalation model with C3HeB/FeJ mice and compared to saline-exposed control mice and unexposed sentinels (n = 3-19). Studies were performed ±heat-inactivation (1 h autoclave) to increase BDG solubility. Outcomes included bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) differential cell counts (macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils), cytokines, serum IgE, and IgG2a (multiplex and ELISA). Ex vivo primary cells removed from lungs and plated at monolayer were stimulated (BDG, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), anti-CD3), and cytokines compared to unstimulated cells. Right lung histology was performed. Inhalation of BDGs with distinct branching patterns exhibited varying inflammatory potency and immunogenicity. Lichen-derived (1 â 6)-linear pustulan was the most pro-inflammatory BDG, increasing inflammatory infiltrate (BAL), serum IgE and IgG2a, and cytokine production. Primed lung cells responded to secondary LPS stimulation with a T-cell-specific response to pustulan. Glucan source and solubility should be considered in exposure and toxicological studies.
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Pulmón , beta-Glucanos , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , beta-Glucanos/farmacología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/metabolismo , Neumonía/inmunología , Neumonía/patología , Neumonía/metabolismo , Neumonía/inducido químicamente , Citocinas/metabolismo , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/inmunología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/citología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Glucanos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Clove essential oil (CEO) exhibited potent antibacterial efficacy and are obtained from Eugenia caryophyllata tree flower buds. Herein, CEO nanoemulsions were prepared using various concentrations of casein protein treated with ultrasound for different time interval. The study demonstrated that CEO nanoemulsions with 5% casein protein subjected to ultrasound for 10 min displayed the most minimal particle size. The pullulansodium alginate film incorporated with nanoemulsions treated with ultrasound exhibited enhanced physico-mechanical characteristics. Based on the structural analysis, the application of ultrasonic treatment improved intermolecular compatibility and organized molecular structure by strengthening hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the composite film displayed remarkable efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus as well as longer retention of essential oils. The use of the developed films to protect cherry fruits and mushrooms produced promising results, emphasizing their potential in food packaging applications.
Asunto(s)
Alginatos , Aceite de Clavo , Emulsiones , Embalaje de Alimentos , Conservación de Alimentos , Glucanos , Aceites Volátiles , Syzygium , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Alginatos/química , Alginatos/farmacología , Aceite de Clavo/química , Aceite de Clavo/farmacología , Emulsiones/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Embalaje de Alimentos/instrumentación , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Conservación de Alimentos/instrumentación , Syzygium/química , Agaricales/química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Frutas/químicaRESUMEN
The bioactivities of sulfonated polysaccharides are frequently related to their substitution pattern. In this study, the regioselective sulfonation of an exocellular fungal (1â3)(1â6)-ß-D-glucan (botryosphaeran) was performed by two different methods: mild sulfonation (MS) and via pivaloyl ester (PS), in order to study the influence of the sulfonation pattern on the antiviral activity of the respective derivatives. Two sulfonated derivatives with substitution degrees of 0.82 (MS) and 0.49 (PS) were obtained, with substitution patterns at positions C-6, and C-2/C-4 of the glucose units, respectively. All derivatives were chemically characterized and evaluated for antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) KOS strain, and dengue type 2 (DENV-2). The sample sulfonated at positions C-6 (MS) showed a remarkable antiviral effect on HSV-1 (IC50 of 5.38 µg mL1), while PS remained inactive. The investigation of the mode of action of sample MS pointed to the inhibition of HSV-1 adsorption to the host cells. Both samples were inactive towards the dengue virus strain. This study demonstrated that the presence of sulfate groups at the C-6 positions of botryosphaeran is the preferred substitution pattern that enables the antiviral activity towards HSV-1.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efectos de los fármacos , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/química , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Animales , Chlorocebus aethiops , Células Vero , Ácidos Sulfónicos/química , Virus del Dengue/efectos de los fármacos , HumanosRESUMEN
Sepsis treatment is a challenging condition due to its complexity, which involves host inflammatory responses to a severe and potentially fatal infection, associated with organ dysfunction. The aim of this study was to analyze the scientific literature on the immunomodulatory effects of glucans in a murine model of systemic infection induced by cecal ligation and puncture. This study comprises an integrative literature review based on systematic steps, with searches carried out in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. In most studies, the main type of glucan investigated was ß-glucan, at 50 mg/kg, and a reduction of inflammatory responses was identified, minimizing the occurrence of tissue damage leading to increased animal survival. Based on the data obtained and discussed in this review, glucans represent a promising biotechnological alternative to modulate the immune response and could potentially be used in the clinical management of septic individuals.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Sepsis , Animales , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sepsis/inmunología , Sepsis/terapia , Humanos , Ratones , Glucanos/uso terapéutico , Glucanos/farmacología , beta-Glucanos/uso terapéutico , Inmunomodulación/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The polysaccharide, RGP2, was isolated from Russula griseocarnosa and its immunostimulatory effects were confirmed in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Following purification via chromatography, structural analysis revealed that RGP2 had a molecular weight of 11.82 kDa and consisted of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose, glucuronic acid and glucosamine. Bond structure analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance characterization confirmed that the main chain of RGP2 was formed by â6)-ß-D-Glcp-(1â, â3)-ß-D-Glcp-(1â and â6)-α-D-Galp-(1â, which was substituted at O-3 of â6)-ß-D-Glcp-(1â by ß-D-Glcp-(1â. RGP2 was found to ameliorate pathological damage in the spleen and enhance immune cell activity in immunosuppressed mice. Based on combined multiomics analysis, RGP2 altered the abundance of immune-related microbiota (such as Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides) in the gut and metabolites (uridine, leucine, and tryptophan) in the serum. Compared with immunosuppressed mice, RGP2 also restored the function of antigen-presenting cells, promoted the polarization of macrophages into the M1 phenotype, positively affected the differentiation of helper T cells, and inhibited regulatory T cell differentiation through the protein kinase B (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, ultimately exerting an immune boosting function. Overall, our findings highlight therapeutic strategies to alleviate CTX-induced immunosuppression in a clinical setting.
Asunto(s)
Basidiomycota , Diferenciación Celular , Glucanos , Animales , Ratones , Basidiomycota/química , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/farmacología , Glucanos/aislamiento & purificación , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Agentes Inmunomoduladores/farmacología , Agentes Inmunomoduladores/química , Masculino , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Factores Inmunológicos/química , Factores Inmunológicos/aislamiento & purificación , Ciclofosfamida/farmacología , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
AIM: Calcium hydroxide (CH) has been considered as a direct pulp capping materials (DPC) for the last decades despite having some limitations. Phosphorylate pullulan (PPL) incorporated with CH (CHPPL) is a novel biomaterial that was introduced as a promising DPC material. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the inflammatory response and mineralized tissue formation (MTF) ability of PPL-based CH formulations on rat molars after DPC. METHODOLOGY: This study consisted of six groups: CH with 1% PPL (CHPPL-1); 3% PPL (CHPPL-3); 5% PPL (CHPPL-5); Dycal and NEX MTA Cement (N-MTA) as the positive control, and no capping materials (NC). One hundred twenty maxillary first molar cavities were prepared on Wistar rats. After capping, all the cavities were restored with 4-META/MMA-TBB resin and pulpal responses were evaluated at days 1, 7, and 28. Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann-Whitney U-test was performed with a significance level of 0.05. Immunohistochemical expression of IL-6, Nestin, and DMP-1 was observed. RESULTS: At day 1, CHPPL-1, N-MTA, and Dycal exhibited no to mild inflammation, whilst CHPPL-3, CHPPL-5, and NC showed mild to moderate inflammation, and the results were significantly different (p < .05). At day 7, mild to moderate inflammation was observed in CHPPL-1, N-MTA, and Dycal, whereas CHPPL-3, CHPPL-5, and NC exhibited moderate to severe inflammation. Significant differences were observed between CHPPL-1 and N-MTA with NC (p < .05), CHPPL-1 and CHPPL-3 with CHPPL-5 and Dycal (p < .05), and CHPPL-3 with N-MTA (p < .05). A thin layer of mineralized tissue formation (MTF) was observed in all groups. At day 28, CHPPL-1, Dycal, and N-MTA showed no to mild inflammation, whilst CHPPL-3, CHPPL-5, and NC exhibited mild to severe inflammation, and statistically significant difference was detected (p < .05). CHPPL-1, Dycal, and N-MTA exhibited continuous MTF, whilst CHPPL-3, CHPPL-5, and NC had thicker and interrupted MTF. Significant differences were observed between CHPPL-1, CHPPL-3, and N-MTA with NC group (p < .05). Variable expressions of IL-6, Nestin, and DMP-1 indicated differences in the materials' impact on odontoblast-like cell formation and tissue mineralization. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that CHPPL-1 has the potential to minimize pulpal inflammation and promote MTF and had similar efficacy as MTA cement.