Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Hormonales/historia , Carcinoma/historia , Estrógenos/historia , Ginecomastia/historia , Neoplasias de la Próstata/historia , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/efectos adversos , Mama/efectos de la radiación , Carcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrógenos/efectos adversos , Ginecomastia/inducido químicamente , Ginecomastia/prevención & control , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , RadioterapiaRESUMEN
Paul of Aegina thrived with his innovative operations, practically creating a kind of a new surgical school. He had deeply believed in human's body perfection introducing a series of cosmetic operations. Among them stood the male's breasts reconstruction in the case of pseudo-gynecomastia. His intervention was replicated by both the western Europeans and the Arabs.
Asunto(s)
Ginecomastia , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/historia , Cirujanos/historia , Cirugía Plástica/historia , Grecia , Ginecomastia/historia , Ginecomastia/cirugía , Historia Medieval , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Nowadays, as in the past, much attention is paid to aesthetic operations in women, while only infrequently have such operations been referred to in males. Generally, male aesthetic surgery was introduced to surgical practise during the 19th century. In this study, we analysed the practise of such operations in Byzantine times and in other ancient cultures with surgical knowledge, i.e. ancient India and China METHODS: The sixth book of Paul of Aegina's "Epitome of Medicine" was studied for description of aesthetic operations in males in the Byzantine period, since this book is completely devoted to surgery and is generally considered to be the most important reference for surgery in Byzantine times. The original text and its excellent translation by Francis Adams were used. References concerning aesthetic operations for males were identified. Accordingly, historical work and reviews on plastic surgery in ancient India and China were studied. RESULTS: Mainly, two aesthetic surgical procedures for males in the Byzantine period were identified. These two procedures comprise gynaecomastia and rhacosis (scrotal relaxation). Two different techniques were reported for the surgical management of gynaecomastia, through sub-mammary or supra-mammary access. Two procedures were noted for rhacosis, for which Paul of Aegina reproduced the respective chapters from Leonides' and Antyllus' works. Evidence supporting male aesthetic surgery in ancient India and China or elsewhere was not found. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the dubious aesthetic result, the existence of different aesthetic surgical techniques in males substantiate the advanced level of surgery achieved by physicians in the Byzantine period.
Asunto(s)
Estética/historia , Ginecomastia/historia , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/historia , Escroto/cirugía , China , Grecia , Ginecomastia/cirugía , Historia Antigua , Historia Medieval , Humanos , India , Literatura Medieval/historia , Masculino , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodosAsunto(s)
Acromegalia/historia , Adenoma/historia , Personajes , Ginecomastia/historia , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/historia , Acromegalia/etiología , Adenoma/complicaciones , Antiguo Egipto , Ginecomastia/etiología , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/complicaciones , Escultura/historiaAsunto(s)
Orquiectomía/historia , Animales , China , Cristianismo/historia , Ginecomastia/etiología , Ginecomastia/historia , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Hiperplasia/historia , Cifosis/etiología , Cifosis/historia , Masculino , Orquiectomía/efectos adversos , Hipófisis/patología , Federación de Rusia , TurquíaAsunto(s)
Ginecomastia/historia , Medicina en las Artes , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Italia , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Personajes , Momias , Paternidad , Antiguo Egipto , Feminización/historia , Ginecomastia/historia , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Infertilidad/historia , Masculino , Momias/historiaRESUMEN
Serafeddin Sabuncuoglu (A.D. 1385-1468) is the author of the first illustrated surgical textbook in the Turkish-Islamic literature, namely, Cerrahiyet-ül Haniyye (Imperial Surgery). A pioneer in all fields of surgery. Sabuncuoglu developed numerous original techniques. He was a keen observer and inventor and a prolific writer who combined his fortune with knowledge of his era. He described a mass reduction procedure for the management of gynecomastia, probably one of the first attempts at reduction mammaplasty. He gave detailed descriptions of different eyelid pathologies and their surgical managements. The aim of this study is to investigate the contributions of this remarkable pioneer to the field of plastic surgery.
Asunto(s)
Cirugía Plástica/historia , Párpados/cirugía , Huesos Faciales/cirugía , Ginecomastia/historia , Ginecomastia/cirugía , Historia del Siglo XV , Humanos , Masculino , Medicina Arábiga/historia , Libros de Texto como Asunto/historia , TurquíaRESUMEN
Many images of the last four hereditary pharaohs of the Eighteenth Egyptian Dynasty (1559 BC to 1319 BC), Amenophis III, Amenophis IV (also known as Akhenaten), Smenkhkare, and Tutankhamun, show them with gynecomastia. Amenophis III was most probably the sire of the last three. The feminine physique and other abnormalities of Amenophis IV have been extensively commented on as indicative of some sort of pathological condition, but the gynecomastia of the others, including Tutankhamun, has been glossed over or considered an artistic mannerism of the El Amarna period. An alternative theory, that the gynecomastia was actually representational and indicative of a familial abnormality in two or three generations, is suggested.