RESUMEN

Introducción: Los obstetras siempre han tratado de sujetar la cabeza del feto de la manera más segura posible para acelerar el parto y reducir el difícil trabajo de la mujer. La historia del uso de instrumentos obstétricos para facilitar el parto (ya sean fórceps o espátulas) es una parte pintoresca y particular de la historia de la medicina. Objetivos: Identificar la experiencia adquirida por los residentes en la instrumentación obstétrica. Métodos: Para cumplir los objetivos propuestos se revisó el plan temático de la residencia de Ginecobstetricia y posteriormente fueron seleccionados los aspectos referidos al tema en estudio. Resultados: Los resultados encontrados a partir de las encuestas realizadas y los datos aportados por los tutores de formación y la revisión de los libros de partos aportaron el nivel de aprendizaje de los residentes. Conclusiones: Se aprecia en los estudiantes demora en la aprehensión de los conocimientos relacionado con la instrumentación obstétrica(AU)

Introduction: Obstetricians have always tried to hold the fetus head as safely as possible to accelerate delivery and reduce the women's difficult work. The history of usage of obstetric instruments to facilitate labor (whether forceps or spatulas) is a colorful and particular passage in the history of medicine. Objectives: To identify the residents' acquired experience regarding the obstetric instrumentation, for which we decided to determine their received practical theoretical training. Methods: In order to meet the proposed objectives, we reviewed the system of contents for the Gynecology residence and, thereafter, we selected the aspects regarding the subject under study. Results: The results obtained from the surveys conducted and the data provided by the training professors and the review of delivery books contributed to the residents' level of learning. Conclusions: The students show delay in the apprehension of knowledge regarding obstetric instrumentation(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pressure of the pelvic floor muscles in female athletes and the associated signs and symptoms of stress urinary incontinence. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. SETTING: An academic institution, primary level of clinical care. PARTICIPANTS: Forty women between 18 and 30 years of age divided into 4 groups: 10 volleyball players, 10 handball players, 10 basketball players, and 10 nonathletes. METHODS: The measurement of intracavity pressure was performed with use of a perineometer. The volunteers were instructed to perform 3 maximum isometric contractions of the perineum, held for 4 seconds. Data regarding specific training and urinary symptoms were collected through a questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance, with a significance level of 5%. The Spearman correlation was used to verify the degree of association between variables related to training, urinary symptoms, and perineal pressure. RESULTS: The average (standard deviation) perineal pressure for nonathletes was 6.73 ± 1.91 mm Hg. The average perineal pressure for handball players was 5.55 ± 1.43 mm Hg; for volleyball players, 4.36 ± 1.43 mm Hg; and for basketball players, 3.65 ± 1.35 mm Hg. Statistically significant differences were found in the perineal pressure of volleyball (P = .009) and basketball players (P = .039) compared with nonathletes. The number of games per year, strength training, and on-court workout correlated significantly with perineal pressure (Spearman correlation coefficient [Rs] of -0.512 for the 3 variables). Urine leakage through effort and nocturia correlated moderately with perineal pressure (Rs of -0.51 and -0.54, respectively). A strong correlation was found between urinary frequency and perineal pressure (Rs of -0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of these data suggests that perineal pressure is decreased in female athletes compared with nonathlete women. A lower perineal pressure correlates with increased symptoms of urinary incontinence and pelvic floor dysfunction.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A primeira análise por ultrassonografia para a seleção de animais é o diagnóstico de prenhez, com o avanço dos equipamentos e habilidade do operador se detecta cada vez mais precoce, possibilitando, com isso, um manejo nutricional adequado das fêmeas. Além disso, podemos destacar a contagem dos fetos por ultrassonografia que pode resultar em diminuição da mortalidade perinatal através do planejamento do número de nascimentos, bem como a sexagem fetal que preconiza o número de fêmeas e machos em um rebanho. No que se refere ao ovário, a utilização de caprinos e ovinos em programas de produção in vitro de embriões necessita de ovários saudáveis após colheita oocitária, assim a ultrassonografia destaca-se como uma ferramenta não invasiva para avaliação ovariana. Assim, a ultrassonografia pode obter informações sobre os aspectos ginecológicos em pequenos ruminantes que são fundamentais para o médico veterinário.

In order to select animals, the pregnancy diagnosis is the first examination made by ultrasonography. Advances in the ultrasound equipment and operator skills enhanced the early pregnancy diagnosis, allowing an appropriate nutritional management of females. In addition, we can stand out the fetal number estimation using ultrasound technique, which can result in perinatal mortality decreased by planning birth numbers, such as fetal sexing that determine the number of males and females born in a herd. In relation to ovarian examination, the use of sheep and goats for the in vitro embryo production need to health ovaries after laparoscopic oocyte collection, therefore B mode ultrasonography stand outs such a non-invasive tool for ovarian assessment. Thus, the ultrasonographic method can be used to accurately to obtain information about gynecological aspects in small ruminants, which are fundamental conditions for veterinarian practice.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A primeira análise por ultrassonografia para a seleção de animais é o diagnóstico de prenhez, com o avanço dos equipamentos e habilidade do operador se detecta cada vez mais precoce, possibilitando, com isso, um manejo nutricional adequado das fêmeas. Além disso, podemos destacar a contagem dos fetos por ultrassonografia que pode resultar em diminuição da mortalidade perinatal através do planejamento do número de nascimentos, bem como a sexagem fetal que preconiza o número de fêmeas e machos em um rebanho. No que se refere ao ovário, a utilização de caprinos e ovinos em programas de produção in vitro de embriões necessita de ovários saudáveis após colheita oocitária, assim a ultrassonografia destaca-se como uma ferramenta não invasiva para avaliação ovariana. Assim, a ultrassonografia pode obter informações sobre os aspectos ginecológicos em pequenos ruminantes que são fundamentais para o médico veterinário.(AU)

In order to select animals, the pregnancy diagnosis is the first examination made by ultrasonography. Advances in the ultrasound equipment and operator skills enhanced the early pregnancy diagnosis, allowing an appropriate nutritional management of females. In addition, we can stand out the fetal number estimation using ultrasound technique, which can result in perinatal mortality decreased by planning birth numbers, such as fetal sexing that determine the number of males and females born in a herd. In relation to ovarian examination, the use of sheep and goats for the in vitro embryo production need to health ovaries after laparoscopic oocyte collection, therefore B mode ultrasonography stand outs such a non-invasive tool for ovarian assessment. Thus, the ultrasonographic method can be used to accurately to obtain information about gynecological aspects in small ruminants, which are fundamental conditions for veterinarian practice.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: In evaluating pelvic floor muscles, it is important to use reliable and accurate methods. Therefore the objective of this study was to verify the reliability of bidirectional and variable-opening equipment designed to measure anteroposterior and left-right strength of pelvic floor muscles. DESIGN: Test-retest to assess reliability. SETTING: Academic institution, primary level of clinical care. PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen nulliparous women between 20 and 33 years of age participated in the procedure during 3 consecutive weeks. METHODS: A dynamometer was used to evaluate pelvic floor muscle strength. The reliability was tested in 3 sessions, with a 7-day interval between, excluding premenstrual and menstrual periods. On each day of data collection, 3 maximum voluntary contractions of pelvic floor muscles were measured. The abdominal and gluteus muscles were evaluated concomitantly to the assessment in an attempt to isolate the pelvic floor muscle contractions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To evaluate the test-retest reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation of pelvic floor muscle force values ranged from good to excellent. The SEM values for anteroposterior strength were 1.96 N and 1.86 N for left and right, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Test-retest values demonstrated that the equipment we assessed to measure the anteroposterior and left-right force generated reliable pelvic floor muscle strength measurements.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Patología causada por tres copias del cromosoma 13 en el cariotipo, en la mayoría de los casos por una disyunción meiótica principalmente del gameto materno que conlleva a un síndrome congénito polimalformativo caracterizado por microftalmia, fisura labio palatina y polidactilia; acompañado o no de otras malformaciones. La prevalencia es de 1/12000 nacidos vivos, con un tiempo de supervivencia corto. Reportamos un caso diagnóstico de Patau confirmado por estudio citogénico en el que describimos las características clínicas y asociación con las descritas por la literatura.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aim of the study was to assess pelvic floor function and dysfunction using intravaginal devices (IVD test). One hundred and eighty-five patients were evaluated, 65 (35.1%) in the control group without genital prolapse and 120 (64.9%) in the study group, with prolapse. Anatomic changes were evaluated on a scale described by Halban, and functional classification based on palpation of the muscles of the pelvic floor during contraction. Additionally, weighted vaginal devices were used to assess pelvic floor function. Statistic analysis was performed with the Spearman-Pearson correlation coefficient, the chi2 test and the response/operator characteristic curve. There was an acceptable correlation between the IVD test and the functional classification of 0.75. Using this classification, the IVD test showed 86.58% sensitivity, 75.72% specificity, and had a positive predictive value of 73.95% and a negative predictive value of 87.64%. Significant differences between pelvic floor muscle activity in those patients with and without genital prolapse were observed (chi2 = 58.28, P=<0.005). It was concluded that pelvic floor assessment can be done through the evaluation of active muscle strength or pelvic floor integrity using the functional classification and the IVD test.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objetivo: El estudio se realizo en forma prospectiva longitudinal comparativo en 100 pacientes sometidos a cirugia programada, cirugia general, urològia, proctològica y traumatològica bajo anestesia intradural. Material y Mètodo: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 33,71 + 13,4 años. la anestesia intradural se efectùo con aguja Becton Dickinson de calibre 21 punta Quinke para el grupo 1 y calibre 25 para el grupo II. Una vez conseguido el goteo de liquido cefaloraquideo se administro lidocaina al 5 porciento 1 mg/kg/p. No se recomendò ninguna medida especial para el postoperatorio. A las 48 horas de la punción se interrogo a los pacientes para verificar si presentò cafelea. Resultados. Se observo una cefalea del 10 porciento para el grupo I, minetras que para el grupo II no se prsentò cefalea en ningun caso

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Os autores apresentam um caso de paralisia do nervo femoral, em paciente submetida à histerectomia total abdominal, devido à miomatose uterina. Trata-se de lesäo traumática do nervo femoral por afastador cirúrgico. Os aspectos anatômicos, funcionais e terapêuticos säo descritos a seguir.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Se evaluó la eficacia de la anestesia tópica (solución de Xylocaina, spray) aplicada el cuello uterino antes de realizar procedimientos ginecológicos que incluyeron histerometría, biopsia de exocervix, biopsia de canal endocervical, biopsia de endometrio, inserción de dispositivo intrauterino. Se evaluaron un total de 140 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta ginecológica entre marzo de 1992 y octubre de 1992 y los resultados mostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la disminución del dolor al momento de realizar las exploraciones ginecológicas en las pacientes que recibieron previamente anestesia tópica comparada con el grupo placebo

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

El uso del frio, fundamentalmente sobre la base de nitrógeno líquido y los instrumentos de aplicación en cirugía (en especial oncológica, O.R.L., dermatología, urología, proctología, ginecología) y otras áreas de la Medicina, son aquí considerados a lo largo de numerosos artículos breves. Contiene:criobiología y criopreservación, cirugía y criocirugía; Usos dermatológicos de la criocirugía; cosmiatría y aplicaciones de la criocirugía en las lesiones por papiloma virus

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Two hundred thirty five Transvaginal exams were done to 160 gynecology patients. The tolerance rate obtained in those patients with previous consent, was 87%. The exam was useful in particular follow-up ectopic pregnancy, vitality an location of early pregnancy. This technique requests a well trained operator.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Se analiza los resultados obtenidos con 95 pacientes intervenidas quirúrgicamente por cáncer de mama durante el bienio 1983-85, según el tipo de intervención realizado. A la mayoría de las pacientes se les ha realizado un PATEY modificado, siguiendo en número el HALSTED y la mastectomía simple, mas limpieza axilar. Las cadenas ganglionares han sido clasificadas en 3 niveles o estadios. Nuestro criterio es mantener el pectoral mayor, siempre que no esté afectado por la tumoración, así como la extirpación del pectoral menor, para realizar mejor el tiempo quirúrgico subclavio

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)