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INTRODUCTION: The number of patients who seek orthodontic treatment that may have a history of tooth bleaching is increasing over the time. Bleaching may influence the decrease of the bond strength of orthodontic brackets. OBJECTIVE: To determine and prove the effect of mangosteen peel (MP) extract to reverse the reduced shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets after bleaching. METHODS: A total of 150 maxillary first premolar teeth were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups as follow (n=25): negative-control (N: no bleaching), positive-control (P: bleaching + no treatment), and the treatment groups (bleaching + 10% sodium ascorbate (SA), 10% (MP-10), 20% (MP-20) and 40% (MP-40) MP extract gel). After treatment, the brackets were bonded with the resin-modified glass ionomer cement, SBS testing was performed using universal testing machine, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was examined using stereoscopic microscope after debonding. The SBS data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) and the Tukey test. For the ARI, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. RESULT: There was significant SBS difference (p< 0.001) between various groups. The group without bleaching showed significantly higher SBS (8.19 ± 2.26 MPa) compared to others, while SBS in the group treated with 40% MP gel was significantly higher (7.93 ± 1.92 MPa) than other groups treated with antioxidants. The failure of orthodontic brackets bonded after bleaching and treatment using MP extract occurred at the enamel-adhesive interface. CONCLUSION: The application of MP extract as an antioxidant after bleaching was effective in reversing the reduced shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets after bleaching.

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Abstract Introduction: The number of patients who seek orthodontic treatment that may have a history of tooth bleaching is increasing over the time. Bleaching may influence the decrease of the bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Objective: To determine and prove the effect of mangosteen peel (MP) extract to reverse the reduced shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets after bleaching. Methods: A total of 150 maxillary first premolar teeth were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups as follow (n=25): negative-control (N: no bleaching), positive-control (P: bleaching + no treatment), and the treatment groups (bleaching + 10% sodium ascorbate (SA), 10% (MP-10), 20% (MP-20) and 40% (MP-40) MP extract gel). After treatment, the brackets were bonded with the resin-modified glass ionomer cement, SBS testing was performed using universal testing machine, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was examined using stereoscopic microscope after debonding. The SBS data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) and the Tukey test. For the ARI, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. Result: There was significant SBS difference (p< 0.001) between various groups. The group without bleaching showed significantly higher SBS (8.19 ± 2.26 MPa) compared to others, while SBS in the group treated with 40% MP gel was significantly higher (7.93 ± 1.92 MPa) than other groups treated with antioxidants. The failure of orthodontic brackets bonded after bleaching and treatment using MP extract occurred at the enamel-adhesive interface. Conclusion: The application of MP extract as an antioxidant after bleaching was effective in reversing the reduced shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets after bleaching.

Resumo Introdução: o número de pacientes que procuram o tratamento ortodôntico e têm histórico de clareamento dentário tem aumentado. O clareamento pode levar à diminuição da resistência adesiva dos braquetes ortodônticos. Objetivos: comprovar a efetividade do extrato de casca de mangostão (CM) em reverter a diminuição da resistência ao cisalhamento de braquetes ortodônticos colados após o clareamento. Métodos: 150 primeiros pré-molares superiores foram aleatoriamente divididos em seis grupos experimentais (n= 25): controle negativo (grupo N, sem clareamento), controle positivo (grupo P, clareamento + sem tratamento) e os grupos com tratamento (clareamento + ascorbato de sódio a 10% [grupo AS], gel de extrato de CM a 10% [grupo CM-10], a 20% [grupo CM-20] e a 40% [grupo CM-40]). Após o tratamento, os braquetes foram colados com cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina e, depois, fez-se o teste de resistência ao cisalhamento (SBS) em uma máquina universal de ensaios. Após a descolagem dos braquetes, verificou-se o índice de adesivo remanescente (ARI), com o uso de um microscópio estereoscópico. Os dados da SBS foram submetidos a uma análise de variância (ANOVA) e ao teste de Tukey. Para o ARI, foi utilizado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: houve diferença significativa na SBS (p< 0,001) entre os diferentes grupos. O grupo sem clareamento mostrou resistência ao cisalhamento significativamente maior (8,19 ± 2,26 MPa) do que os outros grupos, enquanto a resistência ao cisalhamento do grupo tratado com o gel de extrato de CM a 40% foi significativamente maior (7,93 ± 1,92 MPa) do que nos outros grupos tratados com antioxidantes. A falha na colagem dos braquetes ortodônticos após o clareamento e tratamento com o extrato de CM ocorreu na interface adesivo/esmalte. Conclusão: a aplicação do extrato de CM como agente antioxidante foi efetiva em reverter a diminuição, que ocorre após o clareamento dentário, na resistência ao cisalhamento da colagem de braquetes ortodônticos.

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Cardiovascular patients frequently use herbal medicinal products, in order to contribute to the improvement of their chronic condition without medical intervention. However, they are likely to suffer from adverse effects from natural products and herb-drug interactions. In this work we present the results collected from a public campaign "Learning Health, among Plants and Medicines", carried out by the Observatory of Herb-Drug Interactions (www.oipm.uc.pt), to alert cardiovascular patients and healthcare providers for the potential occurrence of herb-drug interactions with cardiovascular therapy. From the data received, it was highlighted the prevalence of certain natural products used by many cardiovascular patients in Portugal, particularly goji berries, green tea, mangosteen and rooibos that have significant cardiovascular effects. For this reason their intake should be carefully monitored in these patients. This prevalence of consumption suggests a pattern in their use in Portugal and a prevention of herb-drug interactions should be carried out by the health professionals. The ending results also indicate that there is still a lack of knowledge about the possible risks of herbal products intake, which may adversely affect the health of any patient. Thus becomes clear the value of the role of health professionals in the screening of such interactions.

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BACKGROUND: The ability to reduce inflammation in overweight and obese individuals may be valuable in preventing the progression to metabolic syndrome with associated risks for heart disease and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiple dosages of a proprietary Mangosteen Juice blend on indicators of inflammation and antioxidant levels in obese patients with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. METHODS: The study was an 8 week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a pre-study 2 week washout period. The study included four groups including placebo and three difference doses of the test product, XanGo Juice: 3, 6 or 9 oz twice daily. The primary outcome measure of this study was high-sensitivity (HS)-CRP. Secondary outcome measures included other biochemical indicators of inflammation, anthropomorphic measures and a safety evaluation. RESULTS: One hundred twenty two (122) persons were screened for the study, 44 were randomized and 40 completed the study. HS-CRP measurements dropped after 8 weeks treatment compared to baseline in all 3 dose groups and increased in the placebo group. The changes from baseline were not significant but the comparison of change from baseline was significant for the 18 oz group when compared to placebo (p = 0.02). Other markers of inflammation (inflammatory cytokines) and a marker for lipid peroxidation (F2 isoprostane) did not show any significant differences when compared with placebo. There was a trend towards a decrease in BMI in the juice groups. There were no side effects reported in any of the groups and none of the laboratory or EKG safety assessments indicated clinically significant changes for any subject. CONCLUSION: In this pilot, dose-finding study, a proprietary mangosteen juice blend (XanGo Juice) reduced CRP levels (increased change from baseline) compared to placebo for those taking the highest dose of 18 oz per day. Further studies with a larger population are required to confirm and further define the benefits of this juice. The juice was administered safely. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN9300027.

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The tropical mangosteen fruit has long been prized in Southeast Asia for its traditional healing properties. Mangosteen fruit juice is now available in the United States and marketed for its purported health benefits. We describe a case of severe lactic acidosis associated with the use of mangosteen juice as a dietary supplement.

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This retrospective descriptive study of Sigmoid colon perforation by ingested Sandorica seed in patients who were admitted to Prachomklao Hospital from 1996 to 2000. Nine cases were included in this study. Most cases were elderly with a mean age of 65 years (range 52-78 years). The main symptoms were abdominal pain with generalized peritonitis and severe tenderness at the suprapubic area, ileus and persistent vomiting. In all cases, the diagnosis was made at operation, with removal of the Sandorica seed, closure of the perforation at the rectosigmoid colon with simple suture and proximal transverse loop colostomy. Post-operative complications included two cases of wound infection.

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