RESUMEN
Herpes zoster is caused by the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus from dorsal root ganglia. Although infrequent, simultaneous damage to the anterior horn cells or anterior nerve roots at the same level may result in motor neuropathy. When motor involvement is localized in the abdominal wall, a pseudohernia may be the clinical presentation. We report a case of abdominal wall post-herpetic pseudohernia, with clinical, ultrasound and MRI correlation. MRI demonstrated increased T2/STIR signal intensity in the abdominal wall muscles, suggesting acute denervation. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of postherpetic pseudohernia with acute denervation demonstrated on MRI.
Asunto(s)
Músculos Abdominales/patología , Pared Abdominal/patología , Hernia Abdominal/patología , Herpes Zóster/complicaciones , Enfermedades Musculares/patología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/patología , Músculos Abdominales/inervación , Músculos Abdominales/virología , Pared Abdominal/inervación , Pared Abdominal/virología , Anciano , Ganglios Espinales/virología , Hernia/diagnóstico , Hernia/etiología , Herpes Zóster/virología , Herpesvirus Humano 3 , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Enfermedades Musculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Musculares/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/virología , Latencia del VirusRESUMEN
Rabies virus P protein participates as a regulating factor in viral transcription and replication; recent studies found an antitranscriptional and antireplicative effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in infected neuron cultures. We investigated here the specific effect of the neurotrophins on P protein, evaluating its synthesis and subcellular distribution in adult mouse dorsal root ganglia neuron cultures infected and treated with NGF or NT-3. The results showed that NGF, but not NT-3, caused an increase in the quantity of P protein and an accumulation of protein in neuronal bodies, revealing changes in transport to the neuritic processes.
Asunto(s)
Ganglios Espinales/virología , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/metabolismo , Neurotrofina 3/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Virus de la Rabia/fisiología , Células Receptoras Sensoriales/metabolismo , Células Receptoras Sensoriales/virología , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/metabolismo , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Fluorometría , Ganglios Espinales/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Chaperonas MolecularesRESUMEN
Primary cultures were made from adult mouse spinal ganglia for depicting an ultrastructural description of rabies virus (RABV) infection in adult mouse sensory neuron cultures; they were infected with rabies virus for 24, 36, and 48 h. The monolayers were processed for transmission electron microscopy and immunochemistry studies at the end of each period. As previously reported, sensory neurons showed great susceptibility to infection by RABV; however, in none of the periods evaluated were assembled virions observed in the cytoplasm or seen to be associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. Instead, fibril matrices of aggregated ribonucleoprotein were detected in the cytoplasm. When infected culture lysate were inoculated into normal animals via intra-cerebral route it was observed that these animals developed clinical symptoms characteristic of infection and transmission electron microscopy revealed assembled virions in the cerebral cortex and other areas of the brain. Sensory neurons infected in vitro by RABV produced a large amount of unassembled viral ribonucleoprotein. However, this intracellular material was able to produce infection and virions on being intra-cerebrally inoculated. It can thus be suggested that the lack of intracellular assembly in sensory neurons forms part of an efficient dissemination strategy.
Asunto(s)
Ganglios Espinales/virología , Neuronas Aferentes/virología , Virus de la Rabia/ultraestructura , Rabia/virología , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Ganglios Espinales/ultraestructura , Ratones , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Neuronas Aferentes/ultraestructura , Virus de la Rabia/fisiología , Factores de Tiempo , Ensamble de VirusRESUMEN
Primary cultures were made from adult mouse spinal ganglia for depicting an ultrastructural description of rabies virus (RABV) infection in adult mouse sensory neuron cultures; they were infected with rabies virus for 24, 36, and 48 h. The monolayers were processed for transmission electron microscopy and immunochemistry studies at the end of each period. As previously reported, sensory neurons showed great susceptibility to infection by RABV; however, in none of the periods evaluated were assembled virions observed in the cytoplasm or seen to be associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. Instead, fibril matrices of aggregated ribonucleoprotein were detected in the cytoplasm. When infected culture lysate were inoculated into normal animals via intra-cerebral route it was observed that these animals developed clinical symptoms characteristic of infection and transmission electron microscopy revealed assembled virions in the cerebral cortex and other areas of the brain. Sensory neurons infected in vitro by RABV produced a large amount of unassembled viral ribonucleoprotein. However, this intracellular material was able to produce infection and virions on being intra-cerebrally inoculated. It can thus be suggested that the lack of intracellular assembly in sensory neurons forms part of an efficient dissemination strategy.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratones , Ganglios Espinales/virología , Neuronas Aferentes/virología , Virus de la Rabia/ultraestructura , Rabia/virología , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Ganglios Espinales/ultraestructura , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Neuronas Aferentes , Virus de la Rabia/fisiología , Factores de Tiempo , Ensamble de VirusRESUMEN
This work was aimed at the morphological and biochemical characterisation of the most susceptible neuronal subpopulation to rabies virus (RABV) infection. Adult mouse DRG cultures were infected with RABV and double-processed for viral antigen detection and neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), galanin (GAL), substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). It was found that 56% of the neurons in culture were small (diameter < 20 microm) but, in spite of this, 69% of the infected neurons had intermediate and large diameters (> or = 20 microm). More than 50% of infected neurons expressed NPY, VIP or SP, whereas no association was found between infected neurons and the presence of CGRP or GAL. Despite SP having been shown to be a small neuron marker, it was found that RABV infects medium and large-sized SP positive cells. RABV preference for larger neurons could explain part of the neuropathogenesis since it can be suggested that, following a rabid accident, the virus uses large neurons (mainly innervating muscle and joints) in vivo to be transported later on to the central nervous system.
Asunto(s)
Neuronas Aferentes/metabolismo , Neuronas Aferentes/patología , Neuronas Aferentes/virología , Rabia/patología , Animales , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Galanina/metabolismo , Ganglios Espinales/metabolismo , Ganglios Espinales/patología , Ganglios Espinales/virología , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Neuropéptido Y/metabolismo , Rabia/metabolismo , Virus de la Rabia , Sustancia P/metabolismo , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/metabolismoRESUMEN
Venereal infection of bulls with bovine herpesvirus type 1.2 (BHV-1.2) may result in acute balanoposthitis followed by the establishment of latent infection, presumably in dorsal root nerve ganglia. We herein report the characterization of the acute and latent infection of young bulls with a Brazilian BHV-1.2 isolate and the investigation of neural and non-neural sites in which viral DNA persists during latent infection, i.e. 110 days after inoculation and 50 days after experimental reactivation. Intrapreputial inoculation of BHV-1.2 isolate SV-56/90 (10(6.5)pfu per animal) resulted in severe balanoposthitis, characterized by redness of the penis and preputial mucosa, coalescent vesicles and fibrinous exsudate in all four infected bulls. Virus shedding was detected in preputial secretions and semen up to days 14 and 13 pi, respectively. Dexamethasone administration at day 60 pi led to reactivation of the infection in all animals, resulting in virus shedding in preputial secretions and/or in semen. At day 50 post-reactivation (pr), the animals were euthanized and regional tissues were collected for PCR and virus isolation. Viral DNA was consistently detected in the dorsal root ganglia of nerves genito-femoral (4/4) and obturator (4/4); frequently in the pudendal (3/4), sciatic (3/4) and rectal caudal nerve ganglia (2/3). In addition, viral DNA was detected in the pelvic sympathetic plexus of one bull and in regional lymph nodes (deep inguinal (2/4); sacral (1/4); medial iliac (1/4)) of two bulls. No infectious virus could be recovered from homogenates of DNA positive tissues, indicating the absence of actively replicating virus. These results demonstrate that BHV-1.2 DNA may persist in several sacral nerve ganglia and in regional lymph nodes as well during latent infection, i.e. 50 days after experimental reactivation. These findings may help in understanding the pathogenesis of acute and latent genital infection by BHV-1.2.
Asunto(s)
Balanitis/veterinaria , Balanitis/virología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Brasil , Bovinos , ADN Viral/química , ADN Viral/genética , Dexametasona/farmacología , Ganglios Espinales/virología , Glucocorticoides/farmacología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/patología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/genética , Ganglios Linfáticos/virología , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/química , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/genética , Proteínas Virales , Activación Viral/fisiología , Esparcimiento de VirusRESUMEN
With the aim of determining if the proportion of rabies virus (RV)-infected adult neurons from dorsal root ganglion are affected by in vitro treatment with different neurotrophins, experiments using Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) or Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) as supplements for cells in culture were performed. Cultures treated with three different concentrations of each of the neurotrophins mentioned were infected with Challenge Virus Standard RV strain. An indirect immunoperoxidase technique was performed for the detection and counting of infected cells. NGF (2 ngml(-1) and 10 ngml(-1)) and NT-3 (1 ngml(-1) and 5 ngml(-1)) induced a significant reduction of infected neurons. None of the cultures treated with BDNF showed changes in the percentage of infected neurons. Likewise, the proportion of infected non-neuronal cells (Schwann cells and fibroblasts) was not altered by the treatment with neurotrophins. In addition, morphometric analysis of total and virus-immunoreactive neurons in culture were carried out, the neurotrophin treatment induced variations in the profile of neurons preferentially infected, since cell diameters in the infected cell population are different in the presence of NGF and NT-3. Data presented here could indicate a putative participation of neurotrophin receptor or biochemical modifications induced by neurotrophin treatment that affect the infection. The primary culture of dorsal root ganglion cells from adult mice is a very useful model for studying the basic phenomena of the RV-neuron interaction.
Asunto(s)
Ganglios Espinales/virología , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/farmacología , Neuronas Aferentes/virología , Neurotrofina 3/farmacología , Virus de la Rabia/fisiología , Animales , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/farmacología , Recuento de Células , Células Cultivadas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/virología , Ganglios Espinales/citología , Ganglios Espinales/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Neuronas Aferentes/citología , Neuronas Aferentes/efectos de los fármacos , Virus de la Rabia/efectos de los fármacos , Células de Schwann/efectos de los fármacos , Células de Schwann/virologíaRESUMEN
An in vitro model of adult dorsal root ganglion neurons infection by rabies virus is described, Viral marked neurotropism is observed, and the percentage and the degree of infection of the neurons is higher than in non neuronal cells, even if neurons are the minority of the cells in the culture. The neuritic tree is also heavily infected by the virus.
Asunto(s)
Ganglios Espinales/virología , Neuronas/virología , Virus de la Rabia/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Ratones , Virus de la Rabia/fisiología , Riesgo , Tropismo , Replicación ViralRESUMEN
Con el objetivo de establecer una técnica de inmunocitoquímica por avidina-peroxidasa biotinilada para la detección de células infectas in vitro por el virus rábico, se usaron cultivos de ganglio de la raíz dorsal de ratón. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del proceso de estandarización de la inmunoperoxidasa, en la que también se usa el conjugado antirrábico producido en el Instituto Nacional de Salud. Las diluciones de anticuerpo, que normalmente se usan en la inmunofluorescencia, muestran un excesivo ruido de fondo en la inmunoperoxidasa. Se discuten las posibles razones de este artefacto y se presenta un protocolo para la detección por inmunoperoxidasa de células de ganglio sensorial infectadas in vitro por virus de rabia