RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hand-eye coordination and ergonomics are important for the success of delicate ultrasound-guided medical procedures. These can be improved using smart glasses (head-mounted display) by decreasing the head movement on the ultrasound screen. The hypothesis was that the smart glasses could improve the success rate of ultrasound-guided pediatric radial arterial catheterization. METHODS: This prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled, single-center study enrolled pediatric patients (n = 116, age less than 2 yr) requiring radial artery cannulation during general anesthesia. The participants were randomized into the ultrasound screen group (control) or the smart glasses group. After inducing general anesthesia, ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization was performed. The primary outcome was the first-attempt success rate. The secondary outcomes included the first-attempt procedure time, the overall complication rate, and operators' ergonomic satisfaction (5-point scale). RESULTS: In total, 116 children were included in the analysis. The smart glasses group had a higher first-attempt success rate than the control group (87.9% [51/58] vs. 72.4% [42/58]; P = 0.036; odds ratio, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.04 to 7.4; absolute risk reduction, -15.5%; 95% CI, -29.8 to -12.8%). The smart glasses group had a shorter first-attempt procedure time (median, 33 s; interquartile range, 23 to 47 s; range, 10 to 141 s) than the control group (median, 43 s; interquartile range, 31 to 67 s; range, 17 to 248 s; P = 0.007). The overall complication rate was lower in the smart glasses group than in the control group (5.2% [3/58] vs. 29.3% [17/58]; P = 0.001; odds ratio, 0.132; 95% CI, 0.036 to 0.48; absolute risk reduction, 24.1%; 95% CI, 11.1 to 37.2%). The proportion of positive ergonomic satisfaction (4 = good or 5 = best) was higher in the smart glasses group than in the control group (65.5% [38/58] vs. 20.7% [12/58]; P <0.001; odds ratio, 7.3; 95% CI, 3.16 to 16.8; absolute risk reduction, -44.8%; 95% CI, -60.9% to -28.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Smart glasses-assisted ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization improved the first-attempt success rate and ergonomic satisfaction while reducing the first-attempt procedure time and overall complication rates in small pediatric patients.
Asunto(s)
Cateterismo Periférico/normas , Arteria Radial/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Radial/cirugía , Gafas Inteligentes/normas , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/normas , Cateterismo Periférico/métodos , Ergonomía/métodos , Ergonomía/normas , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Método Simple Ciego , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/métodosRESUMEN
Introduction: Falls are the most prominent cause of injury and injury-related deaths among older adults (OAs). Virtual reality has been utilized as a method of improving balance and gait in OAs. However, the use of virtual reality through a head-mounted display (VR-HMD) in this area is limited. Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to identify research that used VR-HMD in relation to balance and gait in OAs and to evaluate how VR-HMD is being used with this population. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of the literature was carried out from June 2019 to July 2019 through the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, PUBMED, and PsycInfo. Eligible studies involved the use of VR-HMD to assess or intervene in balance or gait outcomes of OAs (≥65 years). Articles were not limited to any specific study design or by the year of publication. Results: Our search identified 306 possible articles, of which eight citations met the eligibility criteria. Four studies utilized VR-HMD as an assessment tool or to perturb the balance, while the other four used VR-HMD in their interventions. Conclusions: Currently, it is not clear whether VR-HMD alone is an effective tool for improving balance and gait. However, this review suggests that it is feasible to use VR-HMD with OAs to affect balance and gait. More research is needed in this area, although there appears to be great potential in utilizing VR-HMD with OAs to improve balance outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Marcha/fisiología , Equilibrio Postural/fisiología , Gafas Inteligentes/normas , Realidad Virtual , Humanos , Gafas Inteligentes/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that facial attention differs in children with autism. Measuring eye gaze and emotion recognition in children with autism is challenging, as standard clinical assessments must be delivered in clinical settings by a trained clinician. Wearable technologies may be able to bring eye gaze and emotion recognition into natural social interactions and settings. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to test: (1) the feasibility of tracking gaze using wearable smart glasses during a facial expression recognition task and (2) the ability of these gaze-tracking data, together with facial expression recognition responses, to distinguish children with autism from neurotypical controls (NCs). METHODS: We compared the eye gaze and emotion recognition patterns of 16 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 17 children without ASD via wearable smart glasses fitted with a custom eye tracker. Children identified static facial expressions of images presented on a computer screen along with nonsocial distractors while wearing Google Glass and the eye tracker. Faces were presented in three trials, during one of which children received feedback in the form of the correct classification. We employed hybrid human-labeling and computer vision-enabled methods for pupil tracking and world-gaze translation calibration. We analyzed the impact of gaze and emotion recognition features in a prediction task aiming to distinguish children with ASD from NC participants. RESULTS: Gaze and emotion recognition patterns enabled the training of a classifier that distinguished ASD and NC groups. However, it was unable to significantly outperform other classifiers that used only age and gender features, suggesting that further work is necessary to disentangle these effects. CONCLUSIONS: Although wearable smart glasses show promise in identifying subtle differences in gaze tracking and emotion recognition patterns in children with and without ASD, the present form factor and data do not allow for these differences to be reliably exploited by machine learning systems. Resolving these challenges will be an important step toward continuous tracking of the ASD phenotype.
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Trastorno del Espectro Autista/terapia , Emociones/fisiología , Gafas Inteligentes/normas , Dispositivos Electrónicos Vestibles/normas , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , FenotipoRESUMEN
A smart glasses-based wearable personnel proximity warning system (PWS) was developed for pedestrian safety in construction and mining sites. The smart glasses receive signals transmitted by Bluetooth beacons attached to heavy equipment or vehicles, with the proximity determined by the signal strength. A visual alert is displayed to the wearer when in close proximity. The media access control address of the Bluetooth beacon provides information on the approaching equipment or vehicle, which is displayed to the wearer so that they can respond appropriately. There was a detection distance of at least 10 m regardless of the direction the pedestrian was looking and the alert was successful in all 40 trials at ≥10 meters. The subjective workload was evaluated using the NASA task load index on ten subjects, either without a personal PWS, with a smartphone-based PWS, or with the smart glasses-based PWS. The mental, temporal, and physical stresses were lowest when using the smart glasses-based PWS. Smart glasses-based PWSs can improve work efficiency by freeing both hands of the pedestrians, and various functions can be supported through application development. Therefore, they are particularly useful for pedestrian safety in construction and mining sites.
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Accidentes de Tránsito , Minería , Peatones , Gafas Inteligentes , Accidentes de Tránsito/prevención & control , Humanos , Minería/instrumentación , Peatones/estadística & datos numéricos , Seguridad , Gafas Inteligentes/normasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that surgical safety checklists (SSCs) can significantly reduce surgical complications and mortality rates. Such lists rely on traditional posters or paper, and their contents are generic regarding the type of surgery being performed. SSC completion rates and uniformity of content have been reported as modest and widely variable. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and potential of using smart glasses in the operating room to increase the benefits of SSCs by improving usability through contextualized content and, ideally, resulting in improved completion rates. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated and compared 80 preoperative time-out events with SSCs at a major academic medical center between June 2016 and February 2017. Participants were assigned to either a conventional checklist approach (poster, memory, or both) or a smart glasses app running on Google Glass. RESULTS: Four different surgeons conducted 41 checklists using conventional methods (ie, memory or poster) and 39 using the smart glasses app. The average checklist completion rate using conventional methods was 76%. Smart glasses allowed a completion rate of up to 100% with a decrease in average checklist duration of 18%. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with alternatives such as posters, paper, and memory, smart glasses checklists are easier to use and follow. The glasses allowed surgeons to use contextualized time-out checklists, which increased the completion rate to 100% and reduced the checklist execution time and time required to prepare the equipment during surgical cases.
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Lista de Verificación/métodos , Seguridad del Paciente/normas , Gafas Inteligentes/normas , Lista de Verificación/normas , Lista de Verificación/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto/métodos , Seguridad del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Investigación Cualitativa , Gafas Inteligentes/psicología , Gafas Inteligentes/estadística & datos numéricos , Cirujanos/psicología , Cirujanos/normas , Cirujanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Servicio de Cirugía en Hospital/organización & administración , Servicio de Cirugía en Hospital/normas , Servicio de Cirugía en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The surgical microscope is used primarily for microsurgeries, which are more complicated than other surgical procedures and require delicate tasks for a long time. Therefore, during these surgical procedures, surgeons experience back and neck pain. To solve this problem, new technology, such as wearable displays, is required to help surgeons maintain comfortable postures and enjoy advanced functionality during microsurgery. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop a surgical microscope system that would work with wearable devices. It would include a head-mounted display (HMD) that can offer 3D surgical images and allow a flexible and comfortable posture instead of fixed eyepieces of surgical microscope and can also provide peripheral visual field with its optical see-through function. METHODS: We designed and fabricated a surgical microscope system that incorporates a see-through type 3D HMD, and we developed an image processing software to provide better image quality. The usability of the proposed system was confirmed with preclinical examination. Seven ENT (ear, nose, and throat) surgical specialists and 8 residents performed a mock surgery-axillary lymph node dissection on a rat. They alternated between looking through the eyepieces of the surgical microscope and viewing a 3D HMD screen connected to the surgical microscope. We examined the success of the surgery and asked the specialists and residents to grade eye fatigue on a scale of 0 (none) to 6 (severe) and posture discomfort on a scale of 1 (none) to 5 (severe). Furthermore, a statistical comparison was performed using 2-tailed paired t test, and P=.00083 was considered significant. RESULTS: Although 3D HMD case showed a slightly better result regarding visual discomfort (P=.097), the average eye fatigue was not significantly different between eyepiece and 3D HMD cases (P=.79). However, the average posture discomfort, especially in neck and shoulder, was lower with 3D HMD display use than with eyepiece use (P=.00083). CONCLUSIONS: We developed a see-through type 3D HMD-based surgical microscope system and showed through preclinical testing that the system could help reduce posture discomfort. The proposed system, with its advanced functions, could be a promising new technique for microsurgery.
Asunto(s)
Microscopía/instrumentación , Microcirugia/instrumentación , Cirujanos Oromaxilofaciales/psicología , Dispositivos Electrónicos Vestibles/normas , Adulto , Animales , Astenopía/etiología , Astenopía/prevención & control , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Estudios de Factibilidad , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional/instrumentación , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Imagenología Tridimensional/normas , Masculino , Microscopía/normas , Microscopía/estadística & datos numéricos , Microcirugia/métodos , Cirujanos Oromaxilofaciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Ratas , Gafas Inteligentes/normas , Gafas Inteligentes/estadística & datos numéricos , Instrumentos Quirúrgicos/normas , Instrumentos Quirúrgicos/estadística & datos numéricos , Dispositivos Electrónicos Vestibles/psicología , Dispositivos Electrónicos Vestibles/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Tracking head motion in a simple, portable and accurate manner during performance of postural tasks in a virtual reality environment could have important implications for investigating normal and pathological head kinematics. We investigated concurrent validity of head tracking of two Head Mounted Displays (HMDs), Oculus Rift and HTC Vive, vs. a gold-standard motion capture system (Qualisys). Head kinematics of Nâ¯=â¯20 healthy young adults was quantified during static and dynamic postural tasks. While wearing the Oculus Rift or HTC Vive, participants observed moving stars (static tasks) or a flying ball (dynamic task). Head kinematics were recorded simultaneously by the Rift or Vive and Qualisys camera system. We calculated head directional path, acceleration in 6 directions and volume of translation movement. Intra-Class Correlations (ICC) and 95% Limits of agreement were calculated. Most ICC values were around 0.9 with several at 0.99 indicating excellent agreement between the HMDs and Qualisys. Weaker agreement was observed for vertical displacement during a static task and moderate agreement was observed pitch and yaw displacement during a dynamic task. A negative bias of a small magnitude (indicating more movement in VR) was observed for most variables in static tasks, while a positive bias was observed for most variables in the dynamic task (indicating less movement in VR). Our results generally support the concurrent validity of Oculus Rift and HTC Vive head tracking during static and dynamic standing tasks in healthy young adults. Specific task- and direction-dependent differences should be considered when planning measurement studies using these novel tools.