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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The oral administration of hydrolyzed collagen peptides is a scientifically validated intervention for enhancing skeletal muscle health and performance. This integrative review consolidates the evidence supporting the use of low molecular weight collagen peptides (2000-3500 daltons) for their superior bioavailability and absorption. Our objective was to review the effects of collagen peptide or hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on muscle damage, recovery, and construction related to physical exercise. METHODS: A bibliographic search was conducted in major English-language databases, including PubMed/Medline, using terms like "Peptides Collagen and Damage" and "collagen peptides AND Soreness Muscle". This review followed PRISMA guidelines, with bias risk assessed via the PEDro scale. The inclusion criteria were (a) randomized clinical trials, (b) randomized studies in humans with a control or placebo group, (c) studies assessing muscle damage or delayed onset muscle soreness via physiological markers or strength performance tests, and (d) studies using hydrolyzed collagen or collagen peptides. RESULTS: Initially, 752 articles were identified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, including duplicate removal, eight articles with 286 participants were included. Of these, 130 participants received collagen peptide supplementation, while 171 received a placebo or control. CONCLUSION: This integrative review supports the potential of collagen peptide supplementation to mitigate muscle stress from acute strenuous resistance training. However, due to the methodological heterogeneity among the studies, further clinical trials are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying muscle improvement with collagen supplementation.
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Colágeno , Suplementos Dietéticos , Músculo Esquelético , Mialgia , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Mialgia/tratamiento farmacológico , Péptidos/farmacología , Péptidos/administración & dosificación , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Fatiga Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Ejercicio FísicoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of patients' serum vitamin D levels on muscle strength characteristics and whether it impacts the durability of botulinum toxin (BT) treatment. METHODS: The muscle strength of the frontal and corrugator muscles was evaluated before and after the application of TB with pre- and post-application control measurements, and at weeks 2, 5 and 12. The effect of vitamin D on muscle strength and its interaction with BT were investigated in 20 patients. The muscle contraction force was measured by surface electromyography. RESULTS: The results revealed statistically significant differences between the frontal measurement groups at weeks 2 and 5, as well as for the corrugator in the same weeks and at week 12. Regarding vitamin D, significant differences were observed only in the initial group with vitamin D > 30 ng/mL compared to < 30 ng/mL for the frontal muscles. Patients with higher levels of vitamin D had higher average muscle strength compared to those with lower levels in all evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that vitamin D influences muscle strength and the necessary dosage of BT.
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Electromiografía , Fuerza Muscular , Vitamina D , Humanos , Electromiografía/efectos de los fármacos , Electromiografía/métodos , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Contracción Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/administración & dosificación , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/farmacología , Adulto Joven , Fármacos Neuromusculares/administración & dosificación , Fármacos Neuromusculares/farmacología , Músculos Faciales/efectos de los fármacos , Músculos Faciales/fisiología , Factores de Tiempo , Toxinas Botulínicas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT?: Generalized myasthenia gravis (often shortened to gMG) is a rare health condition that causes muscular weakness. This summary gives an overview of three published articles that report the results of research studies of a medicine called ravulizumab, a treatment approved for adults with gMG. These studies are: The CHAMPION MG study. The CHAMPION MG extension study. A study of how the body processes and responds to ravulizumab (known as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics). These studies looked at how effective and safe ravulizumab is for people with gMG. WHAT WERE THE RESULTS?: Overall, participants with gMG who received ravulizumab showed a significant and rapid improvement in their muscle strength and ability to do daily activities. These improvements were sustained for up to 60 weeks of treatment. Ravulizumab was well-tolerated overall, and no-one in the study had a meningococcal infection (a type of bacterial infection preventable with vaccination). Results from the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study support the use of ravulizumab every 8 weeks to maintain improvements in gMG. WHAT DO THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY MEAN?: Ravulizumab can be considered as a treatment option for adults with gMG who are appropriately protected against meningococcal infection before starting treatment. The drug, administered every 8 weeks, improves muscle strength and daily performance. These positive effects have been observed to persist over a long period of time.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Miastenia Gravis , Humanos , Miastenia Gravis/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study examines whether creatine supplementation combined with strength training mitigates muscle mass loss in women during early rehabilitation post-bariatric surgery, as its effectiveness remains untested in this context. METHODS: Fifteen women (37.8 ± 9.6 years; BMI, 38.8 ± 5.6 kg/m2) completed the intervention (creatine group = 7; placebo group = 8). Both groups followed a strength training program three times a week for 8 weeks. The dosage for both the creatine and placebo was 8 g prior to each exercise session. Body weight, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, handgrip strength, and physical activity levels were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS: The creatine group showed a reduction of 9.5 ± 1.5 kg in body weight, with a 0.72 ± 0.6 kg decrease in muscle mass and an 8.64 ± 1.2 kg reduction in fat mass. The placebo group had a reduction of 9.6 ± 3.5 kg in body weight, with a 0.6 ± 1.2 kg decrease in muscle mass and an 8.88 ± 3.2 kg reduction in fat mass, without significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The pre-session strength exercise training creatine supplementation is not superior to placebo regarding body weight and fat mass losses and the attenuation of muscle mass loss during the first weeks of rehabilitation following bariatric surgery.
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Cirugía Bariátrica , Creatina , Suplementos Dietéticos , Músculo Esquelético , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Humanos , Femenino , Creatina/administración & dosificación , Proyectos Piloto , Adulto , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Pérdida de Peso , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Fuerza de la Mano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The use of creatine monohydrate (Cr) in professional soccer is widely documented. However, the effect of low doses of Cr on the physical performance of young soccer players is unknown. This study determined the effect of a low dose of orally administered Cr on muscle power after acute intra-session fatigue in young soccer players. Twenty-eight young soccer players (mean age = 17.1 ± 0.9 years) were randomly assigned to either a Cr (n = 14, 0.3 g·kg-1·day-1 for 14 days) or placebo group (n = 14), using a two-group matched, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Before and after supplementation, participants performed 21 repetitions of 30 m (fatigue induction), and then, to measure muscle power, they performed four repetitions in half back squat (HBS) at 65% of 1RM. Statistical analysis included a two-factor ANOVA (p Ë 0.05). Bar velocity at HBS, time: p = 0.0006, Åp2 = 0.22; group: p = 0.0431, Åp2 = 0.12, time × group p = 0.0744, Åp2 = 0.02. Power at HBS, time: p = 0.0006, Åp2 = 0.12; group: p = 0.16, Åp2 = 0.06, time × group: p = 0.17, Åp2 = 0.009. At the end of the study, it was found that, after the induction of acute intra-session fatigue, a low dose of Cr administered orally increases muscle power in young soccer players.
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Creatina , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fatiga Muscular , Fuerza Muscular , Fútbol , Humanos , Fútbol/fisiología , Creatina/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Método Doble Ciego , Masculino , Fatiga Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oral , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , AtletasRESUMEN
Creatine is consumed by athletes to increase strength and gain muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of creatine supplementation on maximal strength and strength endurance. Twelve strength-trained men (25.2 ± 3.4 years) supplemented with 20 g Creatina + 10g maltodextrin or placebo (20g starch + 10g maltodextrin) for five days in randomized order. Maximal strength and strength endurance (4 sets 70% 1RM until concentric failure) were determined in the bench press. In addition, blood lactate, rate of perceived effort, fatigue index, and mood state were evaluated. All measurements were performed before and after the supplementation period. There were no significant changing in maximal strength, blood lactate, RPE, fatigue index, and mood state in either treatment. However, the creatine group performed more repetitions after the supplementation (Cr: Δ = +3.4 reps, p = 0.036, g = 0.53; PLA: Δ = +0.3reps, p = 0.414, g = 0.06), and higher total work (Cr: Δ = +199.5au, p = 0.038, g = 0.52; PLA: Δ = +26.7au, p = 0.402, g = 0.07). Creatine loading for five days allowed the subjects to perform more repetitions, resulting in greater total work, but failed to change the maximum strength.
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Creatina , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácido Láctico , Fuerza Muscular , Resistencia Física , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Creatina/administración & dosificación , Creatina/farmacología , Creatina/sangre , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Resistencia Física/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Ácido Láctico/sangre , Adulto Joven , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Fatiga Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Fatiga Muscular/fisiología , Método Doble CiegoRESUMEN
While chemotherapy treatment can be lifesaving, it also has adverse effects that negatively impact the quality of life. To investigate the effects of doxorubicin chemotherapy on body weight loss, strength and muscle mass loss, and physical function impairments, all key markers of cachexia, sarcopenia, and frailty. Seventeen C57/BL/6 mice were allocated into groups. 1) Control (n = 7): mice were exposed to intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of saline solution. 2) Dox (n = 10): mice were exposed to doxorubicin chemotherapy cycles (total dose of 18 mg/kg divided over 15 days). The body weight loss and decreased food intake were monitored to assess cachexia. To assess sarcopenia, we measured muscle strength loss using a traction method and evaluated muscle atrophy through histology of the gastrocnemius muscle. To evaluate physical function impairments and assess frailty, we employed the open field test to measure exploratory capacity. Doxorubicin administration led to the development of cachexia, as evidenced by a significant body weight loss (13%) and a substantial decrease in food intake (34%) over a 15-day period. Furthermore, 90% of the mice treated with doxorubicin exhibited sarcopenia, characterized by a 20% reduction in traction strength (p<0,05), a 10% decrease in muscle mass, and a 33% reduction in locomotor activity. Importantly, all mice subjected to doxorubicin treatment were considered frail based on the evaluation of their overall condition and functional impairments. The proposed model holds significant characteristics of human chemotherapy treatment and can be useful to understand the intricate relationship between chemotherapy, cachexia, sarcopenia, and frailty.
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Caquexia , Doxorrubicina , Fragilidad , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Músculo Esquelético , Sarcopenia , Animales , Doxorrubicina/efectos adversos , Caquexia/inducido químicamente , Caquexia/etiología , Sarcopenia/inducido químicamente , Sarcopenia/patología , Ratones , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Masculino , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Atrofia Muscular/inducido químicamente , Atrofia Muscular/patología , Pérdida de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/toxicidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Results of studies evaluating the effect of viral eradication following direct-acting antiviral (DDA) therapy on skeletal muscle mass of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are scarce. AIM: To assess the components of sarcopenia (low muscle mass, low muscle strength and low physical performance) in a cohort of CHC individuals before and after DAA therapy. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal study of patients with CHC who underwent body composition assessment before (T0), and at 12 (T1) and 48 (T2) weeks after DDA therapy. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis was used to assess skeletal mass muscle (SM) and phase angle (PhA). SM index (SMI) was calculated by dividing the SM by squared height. Muscle function was evaluated by hand grip strength (HGS) and timed up-and-go (TUG) test. Mixed-effects linear regression models were fitted to SMI, HGS and physical performance and were used to test the effect of HCV eradication by DAA. RESULTS: 62 outpatients (mean age, 58.6 ± 10.8 years; 58% with compensated cirrhosis) were included. Significant decreases in liver fibrosis markers and an increase of 0.20 and 0.22 kg/m2 in the SMI were observed at T1 and T2. Following DAA therapy, an increase of one unit of PhA was associated with a reduction of 0.38 min in TUG. CONCLUSION: HCV eradication with DAA therapy was associated with a dynamic reduction of non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis and increased muscle mass in 62 patients with CHC who had an undetectable HCV load at 12 weeks after completion of antiviral treatment.
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Antivirales , Composición Corporal , Hepatitis C Crónica , Músculo Esquelético , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Hepatitis C Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Estudios Longitudinales , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatología , Anciano , Sarcopenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Fuerza de la Mano , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Cirrosis Hepática/tratamiento farmacológico , Cirrosis Hepática/virologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Adenosine Triphosphate is a molecule with the function of generating energy, where high levels are directly related to cellular and muscular health. Oral supplementation appears as a possibility to guarantee such levels, and is normally consumed in capsules, which can be acute or chronic. OBJECTIVES: To verify the influence of a dose of ATP on muscular performance in adults. METHODS: This is an acute, crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study. 18 trained men were recruited, with an average age of 27.95 years. Two visits were made to the laboratory, where each of the protocols consisted of randomized supplementation of 400 mg of Peak ATP® or placebo, and 30 min later, five series were performed, where the first consisted of five repetitions and the following four of ten repetitions at 60° per second in knee extension and flexion on a Biodex® 4.0 isokinetic dynamometer, where the volunteers' muscle strength and resistance to fatigue were measured. For data analysis, data normality was assessed using Shapiro Wilk, the ANOVA repeated measures test with Bonferroni post hoc. To identify the size of the effect, the Cohen test was performed, and the statistical package used was SPSS 25 with an applied significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Acute supplementation was unable to achieve significant improvements in muscle strength indicators. The supplement delays drops in strength as the exercise progresses in knee extension compared to the placebo. CONCLUSIONS: An acute dose of 400 mg of ATP did not improve the volunteers' muscle strength indicators, but it was able to reduce fatigue levels as the exercise progressed, enabling greater performance for longer.
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Adenosina Trifosfato , Estudios Cruzados , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fuerza Muscular , Músculo Esquelético , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Método Doble Ciego , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Adenosina Trifosfato/administración & dosificación , Adenosina Trifosfato/farmacología , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Administración Oral , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Sarcopenia refers to the age-related loss of muscle strength and muscle mass, which is associated with a reduced quality of life, particularly in older females. Resistance training (RT) is well established to be an effective intervention to counter indices of sarcopenia. Accumulating research indicates that the addition of creatine supplementation (Cr) to RT augments gains in muscle strength and muscle mass, compared to RT alone. However, some evidence indicates that sex differences may alter the effectiveness of Cr. Therefore, we systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of Cr + RT on measures of upper- and lower-body strength and muscle mass in older females. A systematic literature search was performed in nine electronic databases. Ten RCTs (N = 211 participants) were included the review. Overall, Cr significantly increased measures of upper-body strength (7 studies, n = 142, p = 0.04), with no effect on lower-body strength or measures of muscle mass. Sub-analyses revealed that both upper-body (4 studies, n = 97, p = 0.05) and lower-body strength (4 studies, n = 100, p = 0.03) were increased by Cr, compared to placebo in studies ≥ 24 weeks in duration. In conclusion, older females supplementing with Cr experience significant gains in muscle strength, especially when RT lasts for at least 24 weeks in duration. However, given the level of evidence, future high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Creatina/administración & dosificación , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Sarcopenia/prevención & control , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Higher daily protein intake, with an emphasis on leucine content, is thought to mitigate age-related anabolic resistance, potentially counteracting age-related morphological and functional declines. The present study investigated potential associations between total daily leucine intake and dependent variables, including quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and maximum dynamic muscle strength (1-RM) in a cohort of healthy free-living older individuals of both sexes (n = 67; 34/33 men/women). Participants performed three 24 h dietary recalls and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging exam followed by 1-RM tests. Our results demonstrate moderate associations between total daily leucine and both quadriceps CSA (r = 0.42; p = 0.004) and 1-RM (r = 0.45; p = 0.001). Furthermore, our exploratory biphasic linear regression analyses, adjusted for sex, age, and protein intake relative to body weight, revealed a plateau for daily leucine intake and muscle mass and muscle strength (~7.6-8.0 g·day-1) in older adults. In conclusion, we demonstrated that total daily leucine intake is associated with muscle mass and strength in healthy older individuals and this association remains after controlling for multiple factors, including overall protein intake. Furthermore, our breakpoint analysis revealed non-linearities and a potential threshold for habitual leucine intake, which may help guide future research on the effects of chronic leucine intake in age-related muscle loss.
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Ingestión de Alimentos , Leucina/farmacología , Extremidad Inferior/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
AIMS: The present study aimed to verify the effects of resistance training (RT) and successive detraining on body composition, muscle strength and lipid profile as primary outcome, and the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers as second outcome of postmenopausal Breast Cancer (BC) survivors undergoing tamoxifen (TA). MAIN METHODS: Fourteen postmenopausal BC survivors underwent 12 weeks of resistance exercise training and subsequently 12 weeks of detraining. Anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, muscle strength, inflammatory cytokines and the oxidative stress markers, were assessed before, after the training period and after detraining period. KEY FINDINGS: One-way ANOVA showed that fat mass decrease (39.4 ± 6.9 to 37.7 ± 6.8%) and free-fat mass increase (39.3 ± 4.9 to 40.3 ± 5.6%) after RT. Muscle strength increased in response to training but decreased after the detraining period. Triglycerides (156 ± 45 to 123 ± 43 mg/dL) and total cholesterol (202 ± 13 to 186 ± 16 mg/dL) decreased after the RT and HDL-cholesterol (47 ± 9 to 56 ± 9 mg/dL) increased after RT and remained higher (53 ± 10 mg/dL) than after detraining. IL-6 increases (24.65 ± 10.85 to 41.42 ± 22.88 pg/mL) and IL-17 (2.42 ± 0.32 to 1.69 ± 0.19 pg/mL), TBARS (1.91 ± 0.19 to 1.03 ± 0.1 µmol/L), SOD (24.65 ± 10.85 to 41.42 ± 22.88 U/gHb) and Catalase activity (445.9 ± 113.0 to 345.8 ± 81.7 k/gHb·s) reduced after RT and remained lower after detraining. SIGNIFICANCE: Resistance exercise training improves health markers of BC survivors undergoing TA and detraining are not sufficient to reverse the positive effects in oxidative stress markers.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Composición Corporal , Neoplasias de la Mama/fisiopatología , Supervivientes de Cáncer , Ejercicio Físico , Lípidos/sangre , Fuerza Muscular , Tamoxifeno/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Tamoxifeno/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has been shown to improve body composition and muscle strength when combined with resistance training (RT); however, no study has evaluated the combination of this nutritional strategy with cluster-set resistance training (CS-RT). The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of CrM supplementation during a high-protein diet and a CS-RT program on lower-limb fat-free mass (LL-FFM) and muscular strength. Twenty-three resistance-trained men (>2 years of training experience, 26.6 ± 8.1 years, 176.3 ± 6.8 cm, 75.6 ± 8.9 kg) participated in this study. Subjects were randomly allocated to a CS-RT+CrM (n = 8), a CS-RT (n = 8), or a control group (n = 7). The CS-RT+CrM group followed a CrM supplementation protocol with 0.1 g·kg-1·day-1 over eight weeks. Two sessions per week of lower-limb CS-RT were performed. LL-FFM corrected for fat-free adipose tissue (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and muscle strength (back squat 1 repetition maximum (SQ-1RM) and countermovement jump (CMJ)) were measured pre- and post-intervention. Significant improvements were found in whole-body fat mass, fat percentage, LL-fat mass, LL-FFM, and SQ-1RM in the CS-RT+CrM and CS-RT groups; however, larger effect sizes were obtained in the CS-RT+CrM group regarding whole body FFM (0.64 versus 0.16), lower-limb FFM (0.62 versus 0.18), and SQ-1RM (1.23 versus 0.75) when compared to the CS-RT group. CMJ showed a significant improvement in the CS-RT+CrM group with no significant changes in CS-RT or control groups. No significant differences were found between groups. Eight weeks of CrM supplementation plus a high-protein diet during a CS-RT program has a higher clinical meaningfulness on lower-limb body composition and strength-related variables in trained males than CS-RT alone. Further research might study the potential health and therapeutic effects of this nutrition and exercise strategy.
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Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Creatina/farmacología , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancias para Mejorar el Rendimiento/farmacología , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Absorciometría de Fotón , Tejido Adiposo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Dieta Rica en Proteínas , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Humanos , Extremidad Inferior/fisiología , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Proyectos Piloto , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Acute capsaicinoid and capsinoid supplementation has endurance and resistance exercise benefits; however, if these short-term performance benefits translate into chronic benefits when combined with resistance training is currently unknown. This study investigated changes of chronic Capsiate supplementation on muscular adaptations, inflammatory response and performance in untrained men. METHODS: Twenty untrained men were randomized to ingest 12 mg Capsiate (CAP) or placebo in a parallel, double-blind design. Body composition and performance were measured at pre-training and after 6 weeks of resistance training. An acute resistance exercise session test was performed pre and post-intervention. Blood samples were collected at rest and post-resistance exercise to analyze Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), Soluble TNF- receptor (sTNF-r), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). RESULTS: Exercise and CAP supplementation increased fat-free mass in comparison to baseline by 1.5 kg (P < 0.001), however, the majority of the increase (1.0 kg) resulted from an increase in total body water. The CAP change scores for fat-free mass were significantly greater in comparison to the placebo (CAP ∆%= 2.1 ± 1.8 %, PLA ∆%= 0.7 ± 1.3 %, P = 0.043) and there was a significant difference between groups in the bench press exercise (P = 0.034) with greater upper body strength change score for CAP (∆%= 13.4 ± 9.1 %) compared to placebo (∆%= 5.8 ± 5.2 %), P = 0.041. CAP had no effect on lower body strength and no supplementation interactions were observed for all cytokines in response to acute resistance exercise (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Chronic Capsiate supplementation combined with resistance training during short period (6 weeks) increased fat-free mass and upper body strength but not inflammatory response and performance in young untrained men.
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Capsaicina/análogos & derivados , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Adulto , Rendimiento Atlético , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Agua Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Agua Corporal/metabolismo , Capsaicina/administración & dosificación , Capsaicina/farmacología , Método Doble Ciego , Humanos , Interleucina-10/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Receptores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to analyze the effect of resistance training variables prescription on resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and muscle strength changes. Methods: The search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus databases until August 2020 for randomized controlled trials with non-exercising control group. Results: In total, 36 studies qualified for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Eleven studies included users of antihypertensive medication, while the remaining 25 studies were conducted with non-users of antihypertensive medication. Resistance training only reduced SBP (-0.56 [-0.77 to -0.35]; P < .001) and DBP (-0.46 [-0.68 to -0.24]; P < .001) in anti-hypertensive medication users, with changes ranging from -6.1 to -2.8 mmHg for SBP and -4.6 to -1.6 mmHg for DBP. Muscle strength increased significantly in both users (0.76 [0.49 to 1.02]; P < .001) and non-users of antihypertensive medication (0.94 [0.71 to 1.16]; P < .001). Resistance training should be performed by users and non-users of antihypertensive medication for 8 to 16 weeks (2 to 3 days a week) and 8 to 12 non-failure repetitions. However, users should train with less load (60-80 vs 70-85% 1RM) and exercise sets (1-3 vs 2-4) than non-users of antihypertensive medication. Conclusion: Resistance training increases muscle strength and reduces resting SBP and DBP in individuals under BP pharmacological therapy, while in individuals who do not use antihypertensive drugs, resistance training only increases strength.
Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Descanso/fisiología , Anciano , Determinación de la Presión Sanguínea , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Sesgo de PublicaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aging process has great impact on body composition, such as the increase of adipose tissue in abdominal region, and the decrease of lean body mass, due to skeletal muscle loss. A reduction in muscle mass is associated to high risk of fractures and falls, loss of mobility, and increased number of hospitalizations. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a biological substance derived from leucine metabolism, with anabolic and anticatabolic properties. Some HMB effects are tissue repair stimulation and protein anabolism. AIMS: We aimed to evaluate the effects of HMB supplementation on body composition and muscle strength in elderly, as well as to identify the efficient dosages to reach these effects. METHODS: This review included studies that evaluated muscle mass and muscle strength, associated or not with physical exercise and diet in elderly people. Only studies published from 2008 to 2019 were selected for analysis. RESULTS: Six articles were included in the review. The used doses varied from 1.5 to 3 g. In 5 studies, HMB supplementation was associated with calcium; only 1 study did not use the oral administration route. Two studies used 4 g of maltodextrin as a vehicle; 1 used HMB with a hypercaloric and hyperproteic supplement; 1 associated HMB with lysine and arginine; and 1 with arginine and glutamine. Supplementation of 3 g of HMB has shown to be most beneficial in improving strength and body composition in people over 65 years, especially in bed rest and untrained conditions. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that HMB has a positive effect on body composition and strength, especially in bedridden or sedentary elderly, due to its anticatabolic properties.
Asunto(s)
Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Valeratos/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Sarcopenia/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Stroke is considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The treatment is limited; however, the Brazilian flora has a great source of natural products with therapeutic potentials. Studies with the medicinal plant Polygala sabulosa W. Bennett provided evidence for its use as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective drug. In the case of ischemic stroke due to lack of oxygen, both acute and chronic inflammatory processes are activated. Thus, we hypothesized that P. sabulosa (HEPs) has the potential to treat the motor and cognitive deficits generated by ischemic stroke. Male mice were subjected to global ischemia for 60 min, followed by reperfusion and orally treated with HEPs (100 mg/kg in saline + 3% tween 20) twice a day (12 h apart) for 48 h starting 3 h after surgery. Motor skills were assessed using grip force and open field tasks. Hippocampi were then collected for mRNA quantification of the cytokines IL-1-ß and TNF-α levels. After 48 h of acute treatment, spatial reference memory was evaluated in a Morris water maze test for another group of animals. We show that HEPs treatment significantly prevented motor weakness induced by ischemia. Brain infarct area was reduced by 22.25% with downregulation of the levels of IL-1ß and TNF-α mRNA. Learning performance and memory ability on Morris water maze task were similar to the sham group. Our data demonstrates the neuroprotective properties of HEPs through its anti-inflammatory activities, which prevent motor and cognitive impairments, suggesting that HEPs may be an effective therapy for ischemic stroke.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/tratamiento farmacológico , Disfunción Cognitiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Motores/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Polygala , Animales , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Disfunción Cognitiva/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Fuerza de la Mano , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Trastornos Motores/metabolismo , Destreza Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ursolic acid (UA) is thought to have an anabolic effect on muscle mass in humans. This study sought to compare the effects of UA and a placebo on muscle strength and mass in young men undergoing resistance training (RT) and consuming a high-protein diet. METHODS: A clinical, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted for 8 weeks. The Control + RT group (CON n = 12) received 400 mg/d of placebo, and the UA + RT group (UA n = 10) received 400 mg/d of UA. Both groups ingested ~1.6 g/kg of protein and performed the same RT program. Pre- and post-intervention, both groups were evaluated for anthropometric measures, body composition, food intake and muscle strength. RESULTS: Food intake remained unchanged throughout the study. Both groups showed significant increases in body weight (CON Δ: 2.12 ± 0.47 kg, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 2.24 ± 0.67 kg, p = 0.009), body mass index (BMI) (CON Δ: 0.69 ± 0.15 kg/m2, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 0.75 ± 0.23, p = 0.011) and thigh circumference (CON Δ: 1.50 ± 0.36, p = 0.002 vs. UA Δ: 2.46 ± 0.50 cm, p = 0.003 vs. UA 1.84 ± 0.82 cm, p = 0.001), with differences between them. There was no difference in the arm, waist and hip circumferences. Both groups showed increases in muscle mass (CON Δ: 1.12 ± 0.26, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 1.08 ± 0.28 kg, p = 0.004), but there was no significant difference between them. Additionally, there were significant increases in the one repetition maximum test in the bench press and in the 10-repetition maximum test in the knee extension (CON Δ: 5.00 ± 2.09, p = 0.036 vs. UA Δ: 7.8 ± 1.87, p = 0.340 and CON Δ: 3.58 ± 1.15, p = 0.010 vs. UA Δ: 1.20 ± 0.72, p = 0.133), respectively, with no difference between them. CONCLUSIONS: Ursolic acid had no synergic effect on muscle strength and mass in response to RT in physically active men consuming a high-protein diet. BRAZILIAN CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY (REBEC): RBR-76tbqs.