RESUMEN
This study evaluated the effect of cobiotic (CO) composed of organic fructans powder of Agave tequilana and turmeric powder of Curcuma longa L. as an alternative of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) on growth performance, blood parameters, intestinal pH, oxidative stress, and cytokines serum levels of broiler chickens. A total of 135 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers distributed to five experimental groups, which included starter or finisher standard diets without AGPs (CON), CON + 0.25 COLI-ZIN g/kg feed (AGP), CON + 0.1 g Agave fructans/kg feed (AF), CON + 0.5 g turmeric powder/kg feed (TP) and CON + 0.1 g AF + 0.5 g TP /kg feed (CO), for 49 days. AF followed by TP, decreased feed intake, obtaining the best FCR. AGP increased the heterophil-lymphocyte ratio compared to other groups. CO significantly decreased the pH of the cecal content. AF increased IL-10 levels, while TP decreased it. AF decreased the IL-1ß levels. The present study showed that including a cobiotic based on AF and TP or components separately in a broilers diet improved growth performance, modified intestinal and cecum pH, and stimulated the immune system, which suggests CO as a safe alternative to AGP.
Asunto(s)
Agave , Alimentación Animal , Pollos , Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fructanos , Estrés Oxidativo , Animales , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pollos/inmunología , Pollos/sangre , Fructanos/administración & dosificación , Fructanos/farmacología , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Agave/química , Dieta/veterinaria , Citocinas/sangre , Citocinas/metabolismo , Masculino , Curcuma/química , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Objetivou-se desenvolver leite fermentado probiótico sabor coco, maracujá, morango e pêssego adicionado de polpa de yacon e avaliar as características físico-químicas e sensoriais, além de determinar a viabilidade de Lactobacillus casei no produto. Após a produção, o leite fermentado dos diferentes sabores foi submetido às análises físico-químicas (pH, acidez, proteína, gordura e cinzas) e sensorial por 100 julgadores não treinados utilizando escala hedônica de nove pontos para os atributos aroma, sabor, textura e impressão global. As amostras também foram avaliadas usando a escala FACT não estruturada de nove pontos, além do índice de aceitabilidade. A viabilidade de L. casei foi determinada logo após o processamento (tempo O) e após 14 e 21 dias de armazenamento do produto a 6°C. Verificou-se que os leites fermentados de diferentes sabores adicionados de polpa de yacon estavam de acordo com a legislação brasileira para os parâmetros físico-químicos preconizados e apresentaram médias elevadas para os atributos sensoriais avaliados. O leite fermentado de diferentes sabores pôde ser considerado alimento probiótico por apresentar contagens acima de 107 UFC. ml,:' de L. casei após 21 dias de armazenamento. (AU)
This study aimed to develop probiotic fermented milk added of 146 coconut pulp, passion fruit pulp, strawberry pulp and peach pulp added yacon and evaluate the physico- chemical and sensory characteristics, and to determine the viability of Lactobacillus casei in the product. After production, the different flavors of fermented milk was subjected to physical and chemical analyzes (pH, acidity, protein, fat and ash) and sensory by 100 untrained panelists using a hedonic scale of nine points for the attributes aroma, flavor, texture and global impression. The samples were also evaluated using the scale FACT unstructured nine points, beyond the level of acceptability. The viability of L. casei was determined immediately after the processing (time O) and after 14 and 21 days of storage at 6 o C. 1t was found that fermented milk with different flavors added yacon pulp were in accordance with Brazilian law for the physicochemical parameters recommended and had high scores for the sensory attributes evaluated. The fermented milk in different flavors can be considered probiotic once it presented counts over 107 UFC.mL-1 of L. casei after 21 days of storage. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Productos Lácteos Cultivados , Probióticos , Fructanos/administración & dosificación , Tecnología de AlimentosRESUMEN
The prebiotic effect of agave fructans (Agave salmiana) was evaluated through the growth of two lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains (Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis). The immune system was activated through the stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy subjects testing fructans, LAB or a mixture of these compounds at different concentrations. Immune responses, such as early cell activation (CD69), cell cycle progression, nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of transcription factors for lymphocyte differentiation, were analyzed. Compared with other fructans, the extracted agave fructans showed the highest prebiotic activity and increased levels of CD69 expression, proliferative activity and NO production when administered with the probiotic L. casei. The Th1 lymphocyte differentiation produced through LAB stimulation was greatly diminished after the incorporation of agave fructans. In conclusion, these types of fructans (A. salmiana) are involved in the activation and selective differentiation of cells of the immune system through interactions with probiotics. Thus, agave fructans represent a novel immunomodulator that might benefit the functional food industry.
Asunto(s)
Fructanos/administración & dosificación , Sistema Inmunológico/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunomodulación/efectos de los fármacos , Prebióticos , Agave/química , Bifidobacterium/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Fructanos/química , Fructanos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Lacticaseibacillus casei/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
RATIONALE: Infant formulae are being supplemented with probiotics, prebiotics, or symbiotic despite uncertainties regarding their efficacy. Mexican agave is an interesting source of fructans with particular features and with potential prebiotic effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: RCT in 600 healthy term babies (20 ± 7 days), allocated to receive standard infant formula (control) or infant formula added with a dual prebiotic system "Metlin® and Metlos®", from Mexican agave. Primary outcomes include stools frequency, stools consistency, gastrointestinal intolerance (frequency of abdominal distension, flatulency, regurgitations, vomiting). Secondary outcomes include changes on weight and height along the study and frequency of dermatologic problems (eczema). RESULTS: In 66,120 days of total follow-up, there were no differences on the frequency of stools passage (Human Milk: 3.8 ± 2.4 evacuations per day; Pro + Metlin + Metlos 3.6 ± 2.0; Pro + Metlin 3.6 ± 2; only Pro 3.4 ± 2.3¸ only formula 3.4 ± 2.0; p NS). Consistency of stools was similar between human milk and prebiotics supplemented groups. Also the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms was significantly low between these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Fructans derivate from agave and added to infant formula are safe and well tolerated by Mexican healthy term babies.
Asunto(s)
Agave , Fructanos/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/inducido químicamente , Trastornos del Crecimiento/inducido químicamente , Alimentos Infantiles/efectos adversos , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Prebióticos/efectos adversos , Estatura/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Defecación/efectos de los fármacos , Diarrea Infantil/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Flatulencia/inducido químicamente , Estudios de Seguimiento , Fructanos/administración & dosificación , Fructanos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Leche Humana , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Vómitos/inducido químicamente , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Feeding mineral-deficient diets enhances absorptive efficiency as an attempt of the body to compensate for the lack of an essential nutrient. Under certain circumstances, it does not succeed; and nutritional deficiency is produced. Our hypothesis was that inulin-type fructans (ITF), which are known to affect mineral absorption, could increase Ca and Fe bioavailability in Ca- and Fe-deficient rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 48, 4 weeks old) were assigned to 1 of 8 groups derived from 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design with 2 levels of added Fe (0 and 35 mg/kg), Ca (0 and 5 g/kg), and ITF (0 and 100 g/kg) for 33 days. The Fe status (hemoglobin, serum Fe, total Fe-binding capacity, transferrin saturation, liver minerals) was evaluated. Tibia minerals (Ca, Mg, and Zn), bone strength, and histomorphometry were determined. In nondeficient rats, ITF supplementation did not affect Fe status or organ minerals, with the exception of tibia Mg. Moreover, ITF improved bone resilience and led to a reduction in eroded surface per body surface and number of osteoclasts per area. In Ca-deficient rats, ITF increased liver (Fe and Zn) and tibia (Zn) mineral levels but impaired tibia Mg, yield load, and resilience. In conclusion, ITF worsened the tibia Mg levels and elastic properties when supplemented in Ca-deficient diets. In contrast, although bone Ca was not affected in nondeficient rats under the present experimental conditions, bone quality improved, as demonstrated by a moderate reduction in femur osteoclast resorption and significant increases in tibia Mg content and elasticity.