RESUMEN
Objectives: This study aimed to report the complication rate associated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of mandibular condyle fractures in Oman. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients who underwent ORIF of mandibular condyle fractures at Al-Nahdha Hospital and the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Muscat, Oman, from January 2008 to December 2020. Data collected included patient demographics, fracture aetiology, fracture side and type, surgical approach and recorded complications and outcomes. Results: A total of 68 patients (59 males and 9 females; mean age of 30.1 years) with 83 mandibular condyle fractures underwent ORIF during the study period. Subcondylar fractures were the most common type, occurring in 62.7% of patients, while bilateral fractures were observed in 21 (30.8%) patients. The most common surgical approach was retromandibular, used in 42.2% of patients. The overall complication rate was 42.6%, with the most frequently reported complications being transient facial nerve palsy (18.1%), malocclusion (14.7%) and restricted mouth opening (10.3%). Subsequent surgical interventions to correct malocclusion were performed in 6 cases. There was no statistically significant association between the overall complication rate and the patients' clinical characteristics. Conclusion: Although ORIF of mandibular condyle fractures generally offers favourable outcomes, it carries a risk of complications.
Asunto(s)
Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Cóndilo Mandibular , Fracturas Mandibulares , Reducción Abierta , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Humanos , Omán/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Fracturas Mandibulares/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/estadística & datos numéricos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/efectos adversos , Cóndilo Mandibular/lesiones , Cóndilo Mandibular/cirugía , Reducción Abierta/métodos , Reducción Abierta/estadística & datos numéricos , Reducción Abierta/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Estudios de CohortesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although the microplate system is commonly used for the treatment of maxillofacial fractures, its use in the fixation of mandibular fractures is not widely accepted. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of microplates and miniplates in osteosynthesis for the internal fixation of undisplaced and minimally displaced anterior mandibular fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 40 patients diagnosed with undisplaced or minimally displaced symphyseal and parasymphyseal fractures were randomly assigned to 2 study groups (group A and group B). Patients in group A (microplate group) were treated with two 0.8-mm microplates, whereas patients in group B (miniplate group) received two 2.0-mm miniplates. Bite force values were recorded in 30 healthy individuals (control group) to establish baseline values. Postoperative bite force values were recorded at various intervals and compared between the study groups and the control group. RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated a progressive improvement in the bite force. However, the bite force values recorded at the 2nd, 4th and 6th postoperative weeks were comparatively lower in the microplate group. At the six-week follow-up, the bite force values were lower in both study groups in comparison to the control group. There were no differences in the incidence of postoperative complications between the study groups. CONCLUSIONS: The use of microplates in the management of undisplaced or minimally displaced anterior mandibular fractures results in a reduction in the recovery of biting force in comparison to the conventional miniplate system.
Asunto(s)
Fuerza de la Mordida , Placas Óseas , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Fracturas Mandibulares , Humanos , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
In addition to the clinical burden of trauma, the financial burden is an important aspect of care globally, especially for patients in low- and middle-income countries. The current retrospective review was done of data from January 2015 to December 2020 related to patients of oral maxillofacial trauma management in a tertiary care setting. Analysis of variance was used to determine the mean difference in the cost incurred depending upon the type of trauma and the number of bone plates used in fracture management. Pearson correlation was applied to explore any correlation involving patient age, aetiology and type of fracture, number of bone plates employed and the length of stay in the hospital. No statistically significant differences were noted in the cost among the different groups. The cost of care was significantly (p<0.001) correlated to the length of stay. Other variables, such as the type of fractures and the number of plates, had no significant impact (p>0.05).
Asunto(s)
Tiempo de Internación , Traumatismos Maxilofaciales , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Humanos , Pakistán , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Tiempo de Internación/economía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Centros de Atención Terciaria/economía , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Traumatismos Maxilofaciales/economía , Traumatismos Maxilofaciales/terapia , Traumatismos Maxilofaciales/epidemiología , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Placas Óseas/economía , Fracturas Mandibulares/economía , Fracturas Mandibulares/terapia , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/economía , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Anciano , Niño , Costos de la Atención en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Fracturas Maxilares/economía , Fracturas Maxilares/cirugía , Fracturas Maxilares/terapiaRESUMEN
The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify risks of postoperative facial nerve injury (FNI) in mandibular condylar fractures. A total of 59 consecutive cases of condyle fracture or plate removal with a retromandibular transparotid approach (RMTA) were divided into FNI and non-FNI groups that were evaluated for associations with age, sex, laterality, fracture type, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and maxillofacial bone height and width diameters on computed tomography (CT). FNI occurred in 11 of 59 patients (18.64%), all of them female (p = 0.0011). Other statistically significant factors on univariate analysis for FNI included a short height (156.95 ± 8.16 cm vs. 164.29 ± 9.89 cm, p = 0.04), low weight (46.08 ± 8.03 kg vs. 58.94 ± 11.79 kg, p = 0.003), low BMI (18.64 ± 2.63 kg/m2 21.68 ± 3.02 kg/m2, p = 0.007), short condylion-anterior fracture distance (19.34 ± 3.15 mm vs. 22.26 ± 3.96 mm, p = 0.04) and short condylion-posterior fracture distance (20.12 ± 3.98 mm vs. 25.45 ± 5.02 mm, p = 0.009). Our retrospective study suggested that FNI with RMTA surgery occurs particularly in female patients and may occur more frequently in patients who are short, lean or have high condyle fractures.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos del Nervio Facial , Cóndilo Mandibular , Fracturas Mandibulares , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Fracturas Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Traumatismos del Nervio Facial/etiología , Traumatismos del Nervio Facial/diagnóstico por imagen , Cóndilo Mandibular/lesiones , Cóndilo Mandibular/diagnóstico por imagen , Factores de Riesgo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Anciano , Índice de Masa Corporal , Placas Óseas , Fijación Interna de FracturasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The treatment of fractures prioritizes the restoration of functionality through the realignment of fractured segments. Conventional methods, such as titanium plates, have been employed for this purpose; however, certain limitations have been observed, leading to the development of patient-specific plates. Furthermore, recent advancements in digital technology in dentistry enable the creation of virtual models and simulations of surgical procedures. The aim was to assess the clinical effectiveness of patient-specific plates utilizing digital technology in treating mandibular fractures compared to conventional titanium plates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients diagnosed with mandibular fractures were included and randomly assigned to either the study or control groups. The surgical procedure comprised reduction and internal fixation utilizing patient-specific plates generated through virtual surgery planning with digital models for the study group, while the control group underwent the same procedure with conventional titanium plates. Assessment criteria included the presence of malunion, infection, sensory disturbance, subjective occlusal disturbance and occlusal force in functional maximum intercuspation (MICP). Statistical analysis involved using the Chi-square test and one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: All parameters showed no statistically significant differences between the study and control groups, except for the enhancement in occlusal force in functional MICP, where a statistically significant difference was observed (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Using patient-specific plates using digital technology has demonstrated clinical effectiveness in treating mandibular fractures, offering advantages of time efficiency and benefits for less experienced surgeons. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Patient-specific plates combined with digital technology can be clinically effective in mandibular fracture treatment.
Asunto(s)
Placas Óseas , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Fracturas Mandibulares , Titanio , Humanos , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Titanio/química , Masculino , Femenino , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Adulto , Resultado del Tratamiento , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diseño Asistido por Computadora , Cirugía Asistida por Computador/métodosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Shaping and assembling contemporary external fixators rapidly for the severe mandibular fractures remains a challenge, especially in emergency circumstance. We designed a novel external fixator that incorporates universal joints to provide the stabilization for mandibular comminuted fractures. This study aims to confirm the efficacy of this novel external fixator through biomechanical tests in vitro and animal experiments. METHODS: In vitro biomechanical tests were conducted using 6 fresh canine with mandibular defect to simulate critical comminuted fractures. Three mandibles were stabilized by the novel external fixator and other mandibles were fixed by 2.5 mm reconstruction plates. All fixed mandibles were subjected to loads of 350 N on the anterior regions of teeth and 550 N on the first molar of the unaffected side. The stability was evaluated based on the maximum displacement and the slope of the load-displacement curve. In animal experiments, 9 beagles with comminuted mandibular fractures were divided into 3 groups, which were treated with the novel external fixation, reconstruction plate, and dental arch bar, respectively. The general observation, the changes in animals' weight, and the surgical duration were recorded and compared among 3 groups. The CT scans were performed at various intervals of 0 day (immediately after the surgery), 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days to analyze the displacement of feature points on the canine mandible and situation of fracture healing at 28 days. The statistical significance was assessed by the two-way analysis of variance test followed by the Bonferroni test, enabling multiple comparisons for all tests using GraphPad Prism10.1.0 (GraphPad Inc, USA). RESULTS: The outcomes of the biomechanical tests indicated that no statistically significant differences were found in terms of the maximum displacement (p = 0.496, 0.079) and the slope of load displacement curves (p = 0.374, 0.349) under 2 load modes between the external and internal fixation groups. The animal experiment data showed that there were minor displacements of feature points between the external and internal fixation groups without statistic difference, while the arch bar group demonstrated inferior stability. The CT analysis revealed that the best fracture healing happened in the internal fixation group, followed by the external fixation and arch baring at 28 days after fixation. The external fixation group had the shortest fixation duration (25.67 ± 3.79) min compared to internal fixation ((70.67 ± 4.51) min, p < 0.001) and arch baring ((42.00 ± 3.00) min, p = 0.046). CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study highlighted the efficacy and reliability of this novel external fixator in managing mandibular fractures rapidly, offering a viable option for the initial stabilization of comminuted mandibular fractures in the setting of emergency rescue.
Asunto(s)
Fijadores Externos , Fijación de Fractura , Fracturas Conminutas , Fracturas Mandibulares , Animales , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Fracturas Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Conminutas/cirugía , Perros , Fijación de Fractura/métodos , Fenómenos BiomecánicosRESUMEN
Titanium plates are the current gold standard for fracture fixation of the mandible. Magnesium alloys such as WE43 are suitable biodegradable alternatives due to their high biocompatibility and elasticity modulus close to those of cortical bone. By surface modification, the reagibility of magnesium and thus hydrogen gas accumulation per time are further reduced, bringing plate fixation with magnesium closer to clinical application. This study aimed to compare bone healing in a monocortical mandibular fracture model in sheep with a human-standard size, magnesium-based, plasma electrolytic-oxidation (PEO) surface modified miniplate fixation system following 4 and 12 weeks. Bone healing was analyzed using micro-computed tomography and histological analysis with Movat's pentachrome and Giemsa staining. For evaluation of the tissue's osteogenic activity, polychrome fluorescent labeling was performed, and vascularization was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin. Bone density and bone mineralization did not differ significantly between titanium and magnesium (BV/TV: T1: 8.74 ± 2.30%, M1: 6.83 ± 2.89%, p = 0.589 and T2: 71.99 ± 3.13%, M2: 68.58 ± 3.74%, p = 0.394; MinB: T1: 26.16 ± 9.21%, M1: 22.15 ± 7.99%, p = 0.818 and T2: 77.56 ± 3.61%, M2: 79.06 ± 4.46%, p = 0.699). After 12 weeks, minor differences were observed regarding bone microstructure, osteogenic activity, and vascularization. There was significance with regard to bone microstructure (TrTh: T2: 0.08 ± 0.01 mm, M2: 0.06 ± 0.01 mm; p = 0.041). Nevertheless, these differences did not interfere with bone healing. In this study, adequate bone healing was observed in both groups. Only after 12 weeks were some differences detected with larger trabecular spacing and more vessel density in magnesium vs titanium plates. However, a longer observational time with full resorption of the implants should be targeted in future investigations.
Asunto(s)
Placas Óseas , Magnesio , Mandíbula , Titanio , Animales , Magnesio/farmacología , Titanio/química , Titanio/farmacología , Ovinos , Mandíbula/cirugía , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagen , Curación de Fractura/efectos de los fármacos , Propiedades de Superficie , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Fracturas Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Aleaciones/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pediatric condylar fractures combined with symphyseal or parasymphyseal fractures are common but challenging to manage. The authors present fracture characteristics, propose a treatment algorithm, and evaluate the treatment prognosis of pediatric symphyseal/parasymphyseal-condylar fractures. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on pediatric patients who underwent treatment for symphyseal/parasymphyseal-condylar fractures in a trauma center between January of 2006 and January of 2021. Demographic and fracture characteristics were recorded. Complications and functional evaluations, including maximum interincisal opening, Helkimo anamnestic index, and clinical dysfunction index, were assessed after at least 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS: After screening, 104 participants met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 50.96% received open reduction and internal fixation for symphyseal/parasymphyseal fractures and closed treatment for condylar fractures, 45.19% were treated by liquid diet and functional exercise, and the remaining 3.85% with severe malocclusion were treated with the assistance of orthodontic appliances. During follow-up, the average maximum interincisal opening of the patients increased from 17 ± 6.29 mm to 41.64 ± 6.33 mm. No subjective symptoms were observed in 86.54% of the patients and 79.81% showed no or mild clinical symptoms. Except for 1 patient who developed temporomandibular joint ankylosis, no other severe complication was reported. Postfracture remodeling of the nonfractured condyle was noted in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric symphyseal/parasymphyseal-condylar fractures present unique biomechanical and anatomic challenges that require special consideration during management. In this study, satisfactory functional prognosis was achieved following implementation of the treatment algorithm. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.
Asunto(s)
Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Cóndilo Mandibular , Fracturas Mandibulares , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Niño , Femenino , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Fracturas Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Cóndilo Mandibular/lesiones , Cóndilo Mandibular/cirugía , Cóndilo Mandibular/diagnóstico por imagen , Pronóstico , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Adolescente , Preescolar , Resultado del Tratamiento , Algoritmos , Reducción Abierta/métodosRESUMEN
The stability provided by load-sharing miniplate osteosynthesis (LSMO) in dentate mandibular fractures (DMF) is usually adequate for bony healing. Non-union following LSMO is an uncommon complication. We aimed to determine the incidence and identify contributing factors, if any, of non-union amongst DMFs that have undergone LSMO. This retrospective case-control study with an allocation ratio of 1:3 includes cases of non-union DMF following LSMO and controls with healed DMF following LSMO over a five-year period. Relevant sociodemographic data, mandibular fracture characteristics, and treatment variables were collected for both groups. Of the 381 patients who underwent LSMO for DMFs, 12 cases of non-union were identified. The control group included 36 patients with uncomplicated healing. A significant association was observed between non-union and teeth in the line of fracture, postoperative infections, and time from injury to LSMO. The odds ratio with chronic alcohol usage was 1.4. Vigilant follow up of patients with chronic alcohol use, those with teeth in the fracture line, and adherence to LSMO principles may help to minimise the non-union complication.
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Placas Óseas , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Fracturas no Consolidadas , Fracturas Mandibulares , Humanos , Masculino , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo , Anciano , Curación de Fractura/fisiología , AdolescenteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Facial nerve (FN) dysfunction is a potential complication during open reduction of mandibular condylar fractures. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the postoperative FN function following transparotid (TP) and transmasseteric anterior parotid (TMAP) operative approaches in open reduction and internal fixation of condylar fractures using electromyogram. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE: A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed. The study was conducted in a single tertiary-care hospital in the inpatient setting. Patients aged above 18 years with unilateral condylar fracture of the jaw or bilateral condylar fractures undergoing surgery on only 1 side were included. Patients were excluded if they had fractures of the head, bilateral condylar fractures with surgery planned on both sides, a previous history of surgery in the retromandibular area, existing lacerations to approach condyle, preoperative signs of FN weakness, or a history of parotid surgery. PREDICTOR VARIABLE: The predictor variable was the operative approach and the subjects were allocated randomly to TMAP and TP. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE(S): The primary outcome variable was postoperative FN function in the surgical approach employed using the House-Brackmann scale and electromyography (EMG) to record any subtle weakness in nerve function. The FN function is recorded at 3 time intervals postoperatively 1 week (T1), 1 month (T2), and 3 months (T3). The secondary outcomes studied were operating time and any other complications recorded. COVARIATES: Age, sex, fracture pattern with classification of condylar fractures into condylar neck or base fractures according to Loukata et al.4 Any associated fracture of mandible describing the anatomical location viz symphysis and parasymphysis (anterior mandible), body, contralateral condyle or greater than 1 associated fracture were recorded. Similarly, the presence or absence of any associated midface fracture was also recorded to suggest that the study participants were homogenous in all aspects. ANALYSES: Analytical statistics included χ2 test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA followed by post hoc test to compare EMG data (mean power and mean amplitude) between 2 operative approaches (TP vs TMAP) for facial muscles including frontalis, oculi, and buccinator at different time intervals (T0, T1, T2, T3). Patients within each group were also analyzed to check for nerve recovery occurring during the follow-up period. The level of significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: The study sample was composed of 22 patients with a mean age of 32.82 ± 11.21 years in TMAP and 27.82 ± 8.54 years in the TP group respectively (P = .26); male predominance of 81.8 and 90.9% in TMAP and TP group respectively (P = .53) was noted. The FN deficit as assessed by the House-Brackmann scale clinically, was at 54% (T1), 36.4% (T2), and 9.1% (T3) for the TP group and 27% (T1),9% (T2), and 0% (T3) for TMAP group; however, the results were statistically insignificant (P = .31). In surface EMG evaluation, the mean power for the frontalis muscle was significantly higher in the TMAP approach at the T3 time (105.03 ± 9.7 vs 89.56 ± 10; 95% confidence interval -24.28 to -6.65 with P value = .002). TP approach was faster with a mean exposure time of 9.9 minutes. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The results show that both approaches give comparable long-term results with the TMAP group showing better frontalis muscle activity.
Asunto(s)
Electromiografía , Nervio Facial , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Cóndilo Mandibular , Fracturas Mandibulares , Humanos , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Fracturas Mandibulares/fisiopatología , Electromiografía/métodos , Cóndilo Mandibular/lesiones , Cóndilo Mandibular/cirugía , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Nervio Facial/fisiopatología , Nervio Facial/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Traumatismos del Nervio Facial/etiología , Traumatismos del Nervio Facial/fisiopatología , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Reducción Abierta/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The evolution of osteosynthesis has led to the development of novel miniplate designs, including 3-dimensional (3D) miniplates, which offer improved biomechanical stability. However, mandible fractures resulting from the high impact have a complex fracture configuration. Hence, the authors developed interlocking 3D miniplate to overcome the difficulty in miniplate and screw placement to avoid critical anatomic structures, that is, dental roots and nerve, while still providing stability for the fracture fragments. The interlocking 3D miniplates can be formed according to the specific needs by adjusting the horizontal and vertical cross struts configuration. This study describes a design process of interlocking 3D miniplates and evaluates biomechanical performance compared to standard miniplates. Finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the design's stress state using human and goat mandible models under various loading conditions. After the authors, established that our design was feasible for fabrication, the authors developed the prototype for biomechanical testing. Biomechanical testing was conducted on 10 goat mandibles to compare stability and displacement under various load between the interlocking 3D miniplate and the standard miniplate configuration. Biomechanical testing revealed reduced displacement in all directions with the interlocking 3D miniplate compared to the standard miniplate. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in all loads in the buccal-lingual displacement ( P <0.05). The novel interlocking 3D miniplate design shows an adequate ability to provide stability for fixation for mandibular fractures, as evidenced by finite element analysis and biomechanical testing. Further research is necessary to validate these findings and explore the clinical application of interlocking 3D miniplates in mandibular fracture management.
Asunto(s)
Placas Óseas , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Cabras , Fracturas Mandibulares , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Humanos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Animales , Técnicas In Vitro , Diseño de EquipoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The training and preferences of surgeons influence the type of surgical treatment for mandibular fractures. This multicentre prospective study analyzed the current treatment strategies and outcomes for mandibular fractures with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study included patients aged ≥16 years who underwent ORIF for mandibular fractures in 12 European maxillofacial centers. Age, sex, pretrauma dental status, fracture cause, site and type, associated facial fractures, surgical approach, plate number and thickness (≤1.4 or ≥1.5 mm), duration of postoperative maxillomandibular fixation, occlusal and infective complications at 6 weeks and 3 months, and revision surgeries were recorded. RESULTS: Between May 1, 2021 and April 30, 2022, 425 patients (194 single, 182 double, and 49 triple mandibular fractures) underwent ORIF for 1 or more fractures. Rigid osteosynthesis was performed for 74% of fractures and was significantly associated with displaced ( P =0.01) and comminuted ( P =0.03) fractures and with the number of nonsurgically treated fracture sites ( P =0.002). The angle was the only site associated with nonrigid osteosynthesis ( P <0.001). Malocclusions (5.6%) and infective complications (5.4%) were not associated with osteosynthesis type. CONCLUSION: Rigid osteosynthesis was the most frequently performed treatment at all fracture sites, except the mandibular angle, and was significantly associated with displaced and comminuted fractures and the number of nonsurgically treated fracture sites. No significant differences were observed regarding postoperative malocclusion or infections among osteosynthesis types.
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Placas Óseas , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Fracturas Mandibulares , Humanos , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Estudios Prospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Europa (Continente) , Adolescente , Anciano , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Reducción Abierta , Adulto Joven , Resultado del Tratamiento , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to (a) record and evaluate the epidemiological data relevant to the fractures of the atrophic mandible in the Greek population (b) present our experience in the management of these difficult injuries and (c) compare our results to the outcomes of other similar studies and discuss the postoperative complications. METHODS: A prospective analysis of all the edentulous patients with fractures of the atrophic mandible treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of K.A.T General Hospital of Athens in Greece was performed from November 2012 to December 2022. Age, gender and medical history of the patient, etiology and site of the fracture, classification of atrophy, type of surgical approach, type of osteosynthesis and postoperative complication. RESULTS: 34 patients were included in the present study and 48 fractures of the atrophic edentulous mandible were managed surgically. 22 fractures were classified as class II of atrophy, 21 fractures as class III and 5 injuries as class I. In 32 patients we used an extraoral approach and only 2 patients were treated with an intraoral access. 44 fractures were treated with a 2.0 mm locking reconstruction plate and only 4 injuries of class I atrophy were treated with mini plates. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical practice has confirmed that for these cases an extraoral approach followed by stable fixation with a 2.0 mm reconstruction locking plate can deliver excellent results. Our findings show that the routine use of primary bone grafts is not necessary and can be reserved for more complex cases.
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Atrofia , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Fracturas Mandibulares , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Humanos , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Estudios Prospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Grecia/epidemiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Placas Óseas , Arcada Edéntula/cirugía , Adulto , Mandíbula/cirugíaRESUMEN
Condylar-base-associated multiple mandibular fractures are more prevalent than single ones. Direct trauma to mandibular symphysis, body or angle are prone to induce indirect condylar fracture. However, little is known about the effects of various rigid internal fixation modalities in condylar base for relevant multiple mandibular fractures, especially when we are confused in the selection of operative approach. Within the finite element analysis, straight-titanium-plate implanting positions in condylar base contained posterolateral zone (I), anterolateral zone (II), and intermediate zone (III). Von Mises stress (SS) in devices and bone and mandibular displacement (DT) were solved, while maximum values (SSmax and DTmax) were documented. For rigid internal fixation in condylar-base-and-symphysis fractures, I + II modality exhibited least SSmax in screws and cortical bone and least DTmax, I + III modality exhibited least SSmax in plates. For rigid internal fixation in condylar-base-and-contralateral-body fractures, I + III modality exhibited least SSmax in screws and cortical bone, I + II modality exhibited least SSmax in plates and least DTmax. For rigid internal fixation in condylar-base-and-contralateral-angle fractures, I + III modality exhibited least DTmax. The findings suggest that either I + II or I + III modality is a valid guaranty for rigid internal fixation of condylar base fractures concomitant with symphysis, contralateral body or angle fractures.
Asunto(s)
Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Cóndilo Mandibular , Fracturas Mandibulares , Humanos , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Fracturas Mandibulares/fisiopatología , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Cóndilo Mandibular/lesiones , Cóndilo Mandibular/cirugía , Cóndilo Mandibular/fisiopatología , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Placas Óseas , Estrés MecánicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical effect of stainless-steel wire fixation on the early mouth-opening movement of an intracapsular fracture involving the condylar process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, patients who underwent mandibular condylar intracapsular fracture surgery in our hospital from 2012 to 2020 were selected as research subjects. A total of 44 patients received steel wire internal fixation treatment, 32 patients received titanium plate-and-nail rigid internal fixation, and 28 patients underwent conservative non-surgical treatment. RESULTS: For the patients in the stainless-steel wire group, the degree of mouth opening reached normal levels of 3.7 cm approximately 10 days after surgery. The recovery time for the patients in the titanium plate-and-nail rigid internal-fixation group was 21 days, while the patients in the conservative treatment group needed 60 days to recover. CONCLUSION: The treatment of fixation with a stainless-steel wire for intracapsular condylar fracture reduced the time taken to perform mouth-opening exercises and improved the recovery rate of patients.
OBJETIVO: Explorar el efecto clínico de la fijación de alambre de acero inoxidable en el movimiento temprano de apertura de la boca en la fractura interna del cóndilo. MÉTODO: Este estudio seleccionó a pacientes que se sometieron a cirugía de fractura intracapsular de cóndilo en nuestro hospital de 2012 a 2020 como sujetos de investigación. Un total de 44 pacientes recibieron tratamiento de fijación interna de alambre de acero, 32 recibieron placa de titanio y fijación interna con clavos, y 28 recibieron tratamiento conservador no quirúrgico. RESULTADOS: En los pacientes del grupo de alambre de acero inoxidable, alrededor de 10 días después de la cirugía el grado de apertura de la boca alcanzó un valor normal de 3.7 cm. El tiempo de recuperación de los pacientes en el grupo de fijación interna con clavos y placa de titanio fue de 21 días, mientras que los pacientes en el grupo de tratamiento conservador tardaron 60 días en recuperarse. CONCLUSIONES: La fijación con alambre de acero inoxidable para el tratamiento de la fractura intracapsular del cóndilo acorta el tiempo hasta la apertura de la boca y mejora la tasa de recuperación de los pacientes.
Asunto(s)
Placas Óseas , Hilos Ortopédicos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Cóndilo Mandibular , Fracturas Mandibulares , Acero Inoxidable , Humanos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Cóndilo Mandibular/lesiones , Cóndilo Mandibular/cirugía , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Titanio , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Clavos Ortopédicos , Adulto Joven , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Isolated coronoid process fractures are uncommon, and iatrogenic isolated fractures are extremely rare. This case describes a displaced fracture of an isolated coronoid process thought to be due to excessive force applied by a dentist that had been overlooked and left untreated for about a month. The patient was a woman in her late 50's and she had undergone a molar extraction. Her dentist had confused her symptoms of trismus, pain, and facial oedema with the complex tooth extraction procedure. Following a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan we showed that the mandibular coronoid process on her right side had suffered a longitudinal fracture, and the fractured fragment had rotated upwards and inwards. Following successful surgical elimination of the fragmented coronoid process, the patient received targeted physiotherapy sessions that yielded excellent results. At the five-month follow-up, the ability of the patient to open her mouth had improved enormously, and her facial appearance almost recovered to its original state.
Asunto(s)
Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Extracción Dental , Humanos , Femenino , Extracción Dental/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diente Molar/cirugía , Diente Molar/lesiones , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Fracturas Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Mandíbula/cirugía , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagen , Mandíbula/patologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this article was to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) to reduce blood loss after maxillofacial fracture surgery. Clinical data were collected retrospectively on patients with unilateral fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) or mandibular condyle. Patients were then further divided into TXA and control groups according to whether or not TXA was used after surgery. The amount of postoperative blood loss was evaluated by negative pressure drainage volume. Data were statistically analysed. In patients with unilateral ZMC fractures, total postoperative blood loss in the TXA group was about 30 ml less than that in the control group (p = 0.006). It was significantly less on the first and second postoperative days. However, in patients with unilateral mandibular condylar fractures, there was no significant difference between the TXA and control groups (p = 0.917). TXA can reduce postoperative bleeding in patients with ZMC fractures, and the optimal usage time is on the first and second postoperative days. For patients with mandibular condylar fractures, TXA may not be used.
Asunto(s)
Antifibrinolíticos , Hemorragia Posoperatoria , Ácido Tranexámico , Humanos , Ácido Tranexámico/uso terapéutico , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/prevención & control , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Antifibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Fracturas Cigomáticas/cirugía , Cóndilo Mandibular/cirugía , Cóndilo Mandibular/lesiones , Cóndilo Mandibular/efectos de los fármacos , Fracturas Maxilares/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The clinical finite element analysis (FEA) application in maxillofacial surgery for mandibular fracture is limited due to the lack of a validated FEA model. Therefore, this study aims to develop a validated FEA model for mandibular fracture treatment, by assessing non-comminuted mandibular fracture fixation. FEA models were created for mandibles with single simple symphysis, parasymphysis, and angle fractures; fixated with 2.0 mm 4-hole titanium miniplates located at three different configurations with clinically known differences in stability, namely: superior border, inferior border, and two plate combinations. The FEA models were validated with series of Synbone polymeric mandible mechanical testing (PMMT) using a mechanical test bench with an identical test set-up. The first outcome was that the current understanding of stable simple mandibular fracture fixation was reproducible in both the FEA and PMMT. Optimal fracture stability was achieved with the two plate combination, followed by superior border, and then inferior border plating. Second, the FEA and the PMMT findings were consistent and comparable (a total displacement difference of 1.13 mm). In conclusion, the FEA and the PMMT outcomes were similar, and hence suitable for simple mandibular fracture treatment analyses. The FEA model can possibly be applied for non-routine complex mandibular fracture management.
Asunto(s)
Placas Óseas , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Mandíbula , Fracturas Mandibulares , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Humanos , Mandíbula/cirugía , Mandíbula/fisiología , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Pruebas Mecánicas , Titanio , Estrés Mecánico , Polímeros/químicaRESUMEN
This study aimed to assess the reliability and safety of transoral endoscopic-assisted reduction internal fixation (TERIF) for treating short-segment condylar neck fractures (CNF), including hardware removal. Patients with displaced CNF and short condylar segments treated using TERIF were included in the study. Clinical evaluation covered dental occlusion, range of mouth opening, deviation during mouth opening, protrusion, laterotrusion, pain, and chewing. Radiological evaluation was used to assess fracture displacement, angulation, head dislocation, postoperative reduction, fixation stability, and bone healing. The same technique was used to treat 15 patients with 18 CNF and short condylar segments. Hardware removal was performed for nine fractures in eight patients after fracture healing using the same approach. All patients regained satisfactory, pain-free mouth opening with no deviation and complete bone healing. Computed tomographic images displayed adequate reduction and stable fixation during the follow-up period for all patients. No temporary or permanent facial nerve impairment occurred in any of the patients. TERIF is a reliable and safe treatment for CNF with short condylar segments, even in the presence of head dislocation, medial override, and malunited fractures; hardware can be safely removed after healing using the same approach.