RESUMEN
This chapter will cover the evolution of forceps and vacuum-assisted delivery of the foetus in cephalic presentation. The options available before the development of obstetric forceps are briefly reviewed. The invention of the forceps in the early 17th century was followed by their evolution over four centuries with the introduction of the pelvic curve, axis-traction and rotational forceps. The phase of prophylactic forceps delivery will be discussed. The development of vacuum-assisted delivery has evolved over the past 150 years. However, in practical terms, the modern era of vacuum-assisted delivery began with Tage Malmström's vacuum extractor in the early 1950s. The evolution of the modern vacuum extractor with metal, soft and hard plastic cups will be reviewed.
Asunto(s)
Extracción Obstétrica/historia , Forceps Obstétrico/historia , Extracción Obstétrica por Aspiración/historia , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XVI , Historia del Siglo XVII , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , EmbarazoAsunto(s)
Extracción Obstétrica/historia , Forceps Obstétrico/historia , Paternidad , Extracción Obstétrica/instrumentación , Extracción Obstétrica/métodos , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XVI , Historia del Siglo XVII , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Masculino , Embarazo , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
This contribution explores the intertwining history of the obstetrician's hand and of (measurable) time. In a long-term historical perspective both on the metaphorical and practical role of the hand in obstetrical discourse and on the changing relation between continuous and discontinuous time, I come to the conclusion that the introduction of certain instruments into obstetrical practice around 1750 went hand in hand with an epistemological change regarding the conception of the living body and its time modes. The obstetrical forceps, which started its career together with male obstetrics and the introduction of the lying-in hospital as a new institution of giving birth, was instrumental in implementing practical and theoretical changes in dealing with the mother's and the child's bodies, which were by no mean beneficial for them.
Asunto(s)
Obstetricia/historia , Tiempo , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Humanos , Masculino , Forceps Obstétrico/historia , Obstetricia/instrumentación , Obstetricia/métodosAsunto(s)
Extracción Obstétrica/historia , Forceps Obstétrico/historia , Analgesia Obstétrica/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos/historia , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Episiotomía/historia , Episiotomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Diseño de Equipo , Extracción Obstétrica/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Mortalidad Materna/tendencias , México/epidemiología , Forceps Obstétrico/estadística & datos numéricos , Mortalidad Perinatal/tendencias , Embarazo , Resultado del EmbarazoAsunto(s)
Parto Obstétrico/historia , Distocia/historia , Presentación en Trabajo de Parto , Aborto Inducido/historia , Traumatismos del Nacimiento/etiología , Traumatismos del Nacimiento/prevención & control , Cesárea/historia , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Distocia/etiología , Distocia/terapia , Urgencias Médicas , Diseño de Equipo , Extracción Obstétrica/historia , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Muerte Materna/historia , Forceps Obstétrico/historia , Oxitócicos/administración & dosificación , Embarazo , Mortinato , Versión Fetal/historiaAsunto(s)
Forceps Obstétrico/historia , Obstetricia/historia , Adolescente , Adulto , Analgesia Obstétrica/historia , Analgesia Obstétrica/métodos , Anestesia Obstétrica/historia , Anestesia Obstétrica/métodos , Parto Obstétrico/historia , Parto Obstétrico/instrumentación , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Presentación en Trabajo de Parto , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones del Trabajo de Parto , Embarazo , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Diseño de Equipo/historia , Extracción Obstétrica/historia , Partería/historia , Forceps Obstétrico/historia , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XVII , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia Antigua , Historia Medieval , Humanos , Embarazo , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The aim of the article is to introduce the original version of Kristeller's procedure - Expressio fetus. The author of the procedure, Samuel Kristeller, was bom in 1820 in Ksiaz Wielkopolski. He worked as a physician in Gniezno, then in Berlin. He is known as the creator of the described procedure - pushing out the foetus. He had also specified the meaning of the cervical plug (Kristeller's plug), and modified obstetrical forceps. He died in Berlin in 1900. In 1867, Kristeller published a study in which he described a procedure, of which he was the author, of pushing out the foetus (manual assistance), its technique, conditions and recommendations for its application. The main idea of the procedure meant strengthening uterine contractions during labour by massaging the uterus and pressing it many times shortly, towards the long axis of the birth canal. Nowadays this procedure has become warped in its form; there remains also the controversy whether or not to use external force directed on the uterine fundus during labour, due to the risk of intrauterine foetal anoxia and other complications.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos del Nacimiento/historia , Parto Obstétrico/historia , Forceps Obstétrico/historia , Versión Fetal/historia , Traumatismos del Nacimiento/prevención & control , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Personajes , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Presentación en Trabajo de Parto , Masculino , Masaje/historia , Polonia , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Obstetric forceps are used to guide fetal movement during delivery, ideally accompanied by active pushing by the mother. Forceps in the form of "tongs" appeared in the 17(th) century, and by the 19(th) century had evolved into forceps with two crossing shafts (Levret, Pajot, Kielland), axis-traction forceps (Tarnier), and forceps with convergent shafts (Démelin, Suzor). Application and traction differ according to the type of instrument, and require extensive training and knowledge of obstetric mechanics. The easiest and most suitable applications are anterior. In transverse application, forceps with convergent shafts or another instrument (spatulas or vacuum extractor) are to be preferred. Certain deliveries can be difficult, and require careful evaluation informed by experience. If the fetus is not progressing after three pulls, this route of delivery should be abandoned.
Asunto(s)
Forceps Obstétrico , Contraindicaciones , Extracción Obstétrica/instrumentación , Extracción Obstétrica/métodos , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XVII , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Presentación en Trabajo de Parto , Forceps Obstétrico/historia , Forceps Obstétrico/estadística & datos numéricos , EmbarazoRESUMEN
The Museum of History of Medicine of Rome collects gynaecological and obstetrical instruments. Forceps and embriotomy instruments illustrate the evolution of a sort of an "obstetrical speciality", from antiquity to XIX century. The article focuses mainly on the gradual transformation of forceps's use, from abortive to useful instrument for childbirth.
Asunto(s)
Museos , Complicaciones del Trabajo de Parto/historia , Forceps Obstétrico/historia , Instrumentos Quirúrgicos/historia , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XVI , Historia del Siglo XVII , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Forceps Obstétrico/efectos adversos , Obstetricia/historia , Obstetricia/instrumentación , Embarazo , Ciudad de RomaRESUMEN
Marc-Hector Landouzy (1812-1864) was one of the first to describe facial paralysis in newborn, through a series of case studies. By examining these four cases in the context of Landouzy's life, publications and professional circumstances, this study shows how case studies were an important part of the scientific revolution within medicine in the 19th century. Landouzy, soon followed by others, used the growing clinical populations of Parisian hospitals, patho-anatomy and cutting-edge physiologic techniques to help describe a previously ignored disease among newborns. His case studies, in particular, are a valuable example of the emerging interest in children as a clinical population and of early interest in child neurology.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos del Nacimiento/historia , Parálisis Facial/historia , Traumatismos del Nacimiento/etiología , Parto Obstétrico/efectos adversos , Parto Obstétrico/historia , Parálisis Facial/etiología , Francia , Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Forceps Obstétrico/efectos adversos , Forceps Obstétrico/historiaRESUMEN
El fórceps es un instrumento cuya historia se ha caracterizado por cambios y modificaciones periódicas tanto en su diseño y construcción como en sus indicaciones y técnica de aplicación. En este trabajo se revisan a la luz de los actuales conocimientos, las funciones, indicaciones, condiciones y contraindicaciones para la realización de los fórceps. Igualmente se repasa someramente la técnica para su realización y las complicaciones que pueden derivarse de su uso
Many different types of forceps have been described and developed throughout time. Here we review the role of forceps delivery in modern obstetric practice, functions, indications, contraindications, maternal and fetal morbidity, and application technique