RESUMEN
Small-molecule fluorophores, such as fluorescein and rhodamine derivatives, are critical tools in modern biochemical and biological research. The field of chemical dyes is old; colored molecules were first discovered in the 1800s, and the fluorescein and rhodamine scaffolds have been known for over a century. Nevertheless, there has been a renaissance in using these dyes to create tools for biochemistry and biology. The application of modern chemistry, biochemistry, molecular genetics, and optical physics to these old structures enables and drives the development of novel, sophisticated fluorescent dyes. This critical review focuses on an important example of chemical biology-the melding of old and new chemical knowledge-leading to useful molecules for advanced biochemical and biological experiments.
Asunto(s)
Fluoresceínas/síntesis química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/síntesis química , Sondas Moleculares/síntesis química , Etiquetas de Fotoafinidad/síntesis química , Rodaminas/síntesis química , Animales , Bacterias/metabolismo , Técnicas de Química Sintética , Fluoresceínas/historia , Fluoresceínas/metabolismo , Colorantes Fluorescentes/historia , Colorantes Fluorescentes/metabolismo , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Microscopía Fluorescente , Sondas Moleculares/historia , Sondas Moleculares/metabolismo , Etiquetas de Fotoafinidad/historia , Etiquetas de Fotoafinidad/metabolismo , Rodaminas/historia , Rodaminas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Fluorescein's property of fluorescence is reviewed. Of the many factors which affect its fluorescence, concentration is probably the most important and it best explains why leaking aqueous turns fluorescein bright green during Seidel's test. The intensity and pattern of fluorescein staining of corneal lesions is probably due to the concentration and distribution of fluorescein in the cornea. The concentration of fluorescein achieved in the retinal blood vessels during fluorescein angiography affects its fluorescence.