RESUMEN
There is a substantial use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) among both the general population and psychiatric patients, with only a minority of these users disclosing this information to their healthcare providers, including physicians and psychiatrists. This widespread use of CAM can impact positively or negatively on the clinical outcomes of psychiatric patients, and it is often done along with conventional medicines. Among CAM, phytotherapy has a major clinical relevance due to the introduction of potential adverse effects and drug interactions. Thus, the psychiatrist must learn about phytotherapy and stay up-to-date with solid scientific knowledge about phytotherapeutics/herbal medicines to ensure optimal outcomes for their patients. Furthermore, questions about herbal medicines should be routinely asked to psychiatric patients. Finally, scientifically sound research must be conducted on this subject.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales , Fitoterapia , Psiquiatría , Humanos , Psiquiatría/métodos , Fitoterapia/métodos , Trastornos Mentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Terapias Complementarias/métodos , PsiquiatrasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the effects of a mucoadhesive formula, containing curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. and glycerinated extract of Bidens pilosa L. (FITOPROT), associated with photobiomodulation (PBM), and of PBM exclusively, on the incidence of oral mucositis (OM)-induced by radiotherapy (RT) in the head and neck region, and the salivary expression of inflammatory cytokines, in patients with head neck cancer. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned into two intervention groups-FITOPROT + PBM (n = 25) or PBM (n = 27). PBM protocol comprised a wavelength of 660 nm, 25 mW, 0.25 J/point, and daily irradiation from the first until the last day of RT. FITOPROT was gargled twice a day. All patients underwent a preventive oral care program throughout the study. OM degree, salivary concentration of nitrite, and inflammatory (IL-1, TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12p70), and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were assessed at baseline, and at the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th RT sessions. RESULTS: There were no differences in the OM degree between groups, but the RT dose significantly affected the OM. The RT significantly affected the salivary nitrite, TNFα, IL-1ß, and IL-10 concentrations. CONCLUSION: FITOPROT associated with PBM showed limited effects on preventing the incidence of severe OM compared to PBM alone. However, FITOPROT + PBM may be associated with nitrite and cytokine balance, which may contribute to the occurrence of fewer cases of severe OM. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Clinical Trials database (ReBEC; RBR-9vddmr), registered UTN code: U1111-1193-2066, registered in August 8th, 2017.
Asunto(s)
Bidens , Curcuma , Citocinas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Extractos Vegetales , Estomatitis , Humanos , Estomatitis/etiología , Estomatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Estomatitis/prevención & control , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Anciano , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad/métodos , Adulto , Saliva , Fitoterapia/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal infection in reproductive-age women. If it is not treated, the quality of life will be reduced. In this study, the herbal medicine product Cymbopogon olivieri was used for its treatment. METHODS: This study was conducted with 90 women. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 45: Cymbopogon olivieri and metronidazole. The treatment period was 7 days for each group. Improvement status was determined by eliminating at least three out of four of Amsel's criteria. A new variable with two order levels (negative and positive) was constructed. This new variable shows the status of the treatment process. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to examine the relationship between the new variable and treatment status. RESULTS: The results demonstrate that Cymbopogon olivieri and metronidazole significantly reduced the burning, itching, malodor, abnormal vaginal discharge, pH, clue cell, and positive whiff test (p<0.05). The findings also demonstrate that neither treatment was statistically different from the other for at least three of Amsel's criteria. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the effect of Cymbopogon olivieri on bacterial vaginosis is similar to that of metronidazole. Hence, Cymbopogon olivieri is a suitable option to treat bacterial vaginosis.
Asunto(s)
Cymbopogon , Metronidazol , Vaginosis Bacteriana , Humanos , Femenino , Vaginosis Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológico , Metronidazol/uso terapéutico , Metronidazol/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Resultado del Tratamiento , Cymbopogon/química , Adulto Joven , Fitoterapia/métodos , Administración Intravaginal , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of herbal treatments on cervicovaginal human papillomavirus infection. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library until December 2023, following Cochrane guidelines. Data were analyzed using the Review Manager computer program (Version 5.4.1). RESULTS: Five randomized controlled trials involving a total sample size of 662 women were included in the study. The pooled odds ratio for individuals testing negative for human papillomavirus after herbal intervention among human papillomavirus-positive patients was 1.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-5.43), according to the fixed-effects model. Three out of the five studies indicated a significant relationship. The relationship between positive human papillomavirus infection and herbal treatments, measured by the fixed-effects model, resulted in a pooled odds ratio of 0.41 (95%CI 0.17-1.01), reporting a significant association (p=0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in the relationship between herbal treatment and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (OR 0.16, 95%CI 0.03-0.88, p=0.04) but no significant impact on the relationship between herbal treatment and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.01-8.77, p=0.51). CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis suggests that herbal treatments reduce human papillomavirus infections. While herbal treatments show a significant reduction in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, they do not significantly impact the regression of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Humanos , Femenino , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia/métodos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Introducción: El origen de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional está íntimamente unido al de la humanidad y a la historia del hombre en su lucha por la supervivencia. Las plantas medicinales constituyen, desde épocas remotas, un recurso terapéutico útil y accesible para resolver problemas de salud. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de la multimedia Fitosoft para el conocimiento sobre la Medicina Natural y Tradicional en los estudiantes de tercer año de la carrera de medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Bayamo. Métodos: La multimedia fue realizada en el período 2020-2021, con la aplicación de las herramientas: JClic Author y Gimpshop con licencia GPL/ Linux. Para determinar su efectividad, se realizó un estudio preexperimento sin grupo control mediante encuestas a estudiantes. El universo estuvo constituido por todos los estudiantes de tercer año de la carrera de medicina (231) y la muestra conformada por 60 estudiantes seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple. Resultados: Antes de aplicar la multimedia, 21 estudiantes reflejaron un bajo nivel de conocimientos (70 por ciento). Después de utilizar el producto informático, 27 de los encuestados mostraron un alto nivel de conocimientos (90 por ciento). Conclusiones: La multimedia Fitosoft resulta de gran utilidad como medio de enseñanza para los alumnos de tercer año de la carrera de medicina, pues incrementa el nivel de conocimientos sobre la Medicina Natural y Tradicional(AU)
Introduction: The origin of natural and traditional medicine is intimately linked to that of humanity and the history of mankind in his struggle for survival. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been a useful and accessible therapeutic resource to solve health problems. Objective: To assess the usefulness of the multimedia Fitosoft for the knowledge about natural and traditional medicine among third-academic-year students from the Medicine major at Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Bayamo. Methods: The multimedia was created in the period 2020-2021, with the application of the tools JClic Author and Gimpshop under a GPL/Linux license. To determine its effectiveness, a preexperimental study without a control group was carried out by means of student surveys. The study universe consisted of all third-academic-year medical students (231) and the sample consisted of 60 students selected by simple random sampling. Results: Before applying the multimedia, 21 students showed a low level of knowledge (70 percent). After using the computer product, 27 of the respondents showed a high level of knowledge (90 percent). Conclusions: The multimedia Fitosoft is very useful as a teaching medium for third-academic-year medical students because it increases their level of knowledge about natural and traditional medicine(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Enseñanza/educación , Conocimiento , Multimedia , Aprendizaje , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Plantas Medicinales , Estudiantes de Medicina , Puntos de Acupuntura , Fitoterapia/métodosRESUMEN
Because of the increasing demand for natural products, the development of nanoformulations containing natural active ingredients requires in-depth knowledge of the substances used, methods of obtaining, and stability profiles to ensure product quality, efficacy, and safety. Considering this, the bibliography of the last five years presented in databases (PubMed and Science Direct) was discussed in this work, discussing the study with medicinal plants to obtain active metabolites with therapeutic properties, as well as the different nano-systems responsible for carrying these molecules. Due to the wealth of biodiversity found in the world, many species are submitted to the extraction process for several purposes. However, identifying, classifying, and quantifying the constituents of herbal matrices are crucial steps to verify their therapeutic potential. In addition, knowing the techniques of production and elaboration of nanotechnology products allows the optimization of the incorporation of herbal extracts as an innovation target. For studies to be successful, it is necessary to exhaust experimental results that guarantee the efficacy, safety, and quality of natural nanosystems, with the objective of obtaining reliable answers in nanotechnology therapy.
Asunto(s)
Productos Biológicos , Plantas Medicinales , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Fitoterapia/métodos , NanotecnologíaRESUMEN
Intestinal helminthiasis is a neglected disease that affects a significant portion of the global population, specifically in developing countries, where medicinal plants are widely used for therapeutic purposes. With the purpose to identify the native species used in traditional Brazilian medicine for the management of helminthiasis, ethnopharmacological books edited in Brazil documenting the folk use of medicinal plants were analyzed. The native species cited in at least three studies were selected, and bibliographic research was performed using electronic databases to identify their scientifically validated anthelmintic properties. The search retrieved 133 native species belonging to 88 genera and 43 families from all six Brazilian biomes. Fabaceae (14 Genera and 25 Species) and Asteraceae (7 Genera and 8 Species) were the most frequently cited families. The most reported native species were Baccharis crispa Spreng., Hymenaea courbaril L., Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, Carapa guianensis Aubl., Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl, Annona glabra L., Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne, Spigelia anthelmia L., Simarouba versicolor A.St.-Hil. and Anacardium occidentale L. Bark (19%) and leaves (17%) were the most commonly used plant parts, and decoction (27%) was the most preferred method of preparation. Evidence of the anthelmintic properties of most species was confirmed using in vitro assays for key human and animal parasites, including Haemonchus contortus, Hymenolepis diminuta, Schistosoma mansoni and Trichostrongylus spp. The species S. alata, S. occidentalis, A. occidentale, and S. anthelmia have been the subject of many biological studies, supporting their use as vermicides. The overall results obtained in this review revealed that Brazil is rich in traditional herbal medicines used to manage helminthiasis; however pharmacological investigations are lacking to confirm their therapeutic properties. Thus, this study could serve as a baseline to validate their use and encourage further clinical investigation of their vermifuge potential.
Asunto(s)
Antihelmínticos , Baccharis , Helmintiasis , Plantas Medicinales , Animales , Humanos , Brasil , Fitoterapia/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Etnobotánica , Helmintiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Antihelmínticos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Introducción: El aceite esencial de hierbaluisa tiene propiedades antibacterianas y antifúngicas que merecen ser estudiadas para usarse como alternativa a los fármacos. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto inhibitorio del aceite esencial de hierbaluisa, procedente del oriente (provincia de Pastaza) y la costa (provincia de los Ríos) ecuatoriana al 25, 50, 75 y 100 por ciento a las 24, 48 y 72 horas sobre el Porphyromona gingivalis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus y Candida albicans. Métodos: Estudio experimental, in vitro. Para medir el efecto inhibitorio se usaron las cepas de P. gingivalis, E. faecalis, S. aureus y C. albicans incubadas en 20 cajas Petri para cada microorganismo (10 para el aceite de la costa y 10 para el oriente). En cada caja se colocaron los discos con la concentración del aceite esencial de hierbaluisa, el control positivo (clorhexidina al 0,12 por ciento para las bacterias y nistatina para C. albicans) y el control negativo (suero fisiológico). Se midieron los halos de inhibición a las 24, 48 y 72 horas. Resultados: El aceite esencial de hierbaluisa del oriente al 100 por ciento a las 24 horas obtuvo los halos de inhibición más altos que fueron de 8,90 mm para la C. albicans; 19,10 mm para el S. aureus; 11,90 mm para el E. faecalis y 8,00 mm para la P. gingivalis. Hubo una sensibilidad media para S. aureus, límite para E. faecalis y nula para C. albicans y P. gingivalis. Conclusiones: El aceite de hierbaluisa de la costa y el oriente ecuatoriano inhibió el S. aureus(AU)
Introduction: The essential oil of lemongrass has antibacterial and antifungal properties that deserve to be studied for using as an alternative to drugs. Objective: To determine the inhibitory effect of the essential oil of lemon verbena from the east (Pastaza province) and the coast (Los Rios province) of Ecuador at 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent at 24, 48 and 72 hours on Porphyromona gingivalis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Methods: Experimental study, in vitro. To measure the inhibitory effect, P. gingivalis, E. faecalis, S. aureus and C. albicans strains were incubated in 20 Petri dishes for each microorganism (10 for coastal oil and 10 for eastern). In each box were placed the disks with the concentration of the essential oil of lemon verbena, the positive control (chlorhexidine 0.12 percent for bacteria and nystatin for C. albicans) and the negative control (physiological serum). Inhibition halos were measured after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Results: Eastern lemongrass essential oil at 100 percent at 24 hours obtained the highest inhibition halos which were 8.90 mm for C. albicans; 19.10 mm for S. aureus; 11.90 mm for E. faecalis and 8.00 mm for P. gingivalis. There was medium sensitivity for S. aureus, borderline for E. faecalis and null for C. albicans and P. gingivalis. Conclusions: Herbal lemongrass oil from coastal and eastern Ecuador inhibited S. aureus(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Aceites Volátiles/uso terapéutico , Fitoterapia/métodosRESUMEN
COVID-19, a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is responsible for a pandemic since March 2020 and it has no cure. Therefore, herein, different theoretical methods were used to obtain potential candidates from herbal compounds to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Initially, the 16 best-scored compounds were selected from a library containing 4066 ligands using virtual screening by molecular docking. Among them, six molecules (physalin B 5,6-epoxide (PHY), methyl amentoflavone (MAM), withaphysalin C (WPC), daphnoline or trilobamine (TRI), cepharanoline (CEP) and tetrandrine (TET)) were selected based on Lipinski's rule and ADMET analysis as criteria. These compounds complexed with the Mpro were submitted to triplicate 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations. RMSD, RMSF, and radius of gyration results show that the overall protein structure is preserved along the simulation time. The average ΔGbinding values, calculated by the MM/PBSA method, were -41.7, -55.8, -45.2, -38.7, -49.3, and -57.9 kcal/mol for the PHY-Mpro, MAM-Mpro, WPC-Mpro, CEP-Mpro, TRI-Mpro, and TET-Mpro complexes, respectively. Pairwise decomposition analyses revealed that the binding pocket is formed by His41-Val42, Met165-Glu166-Leu167, Asp187, and Gln189. The PLS regression model generated by QSPR analysis indicated that non-polar and polar groups with the presence of hydrogen bond acceptors play an important role in the herbal compounds-Mpro interactions. Overall, we found six potential candidates to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and highlighted key residues from the binding pocket that can be used for future drug design. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Asunto(s)
Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Fitoterapia , Inhibidores de Proteasas , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/terapia , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Inhibidores de Proteasas/farmacología , SARS-CoV-2/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia/métodosRESUMEN
Introducción: La medicina natural surge como la alternativa más eficaz y por su evidente resultado en la calidad de vida de las personas. Objetivo: Describir el nivel de utilización de la Medicina Natural por parte de los profesionales de la salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo retrospectivo. El universo estuvo constituido por 44 profesionales de la salud de varias categorías, durante el período de estudio, los cuales cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se utilizaron variables cualitativas y cuantitativas. Resultados: El 64 por ciento de los profesionales declararon utilizar la Medicina Natural y Tradicional en todo momento del tratamiento, la modalidad más utilizada fue la fitoterapia con el 51 por ciento por parte de los estomatólogos, el 75 por ciento de los profesionales utilizaron los fitofármacos como única opción terapéutica para el tratamiento de las diferentes enfermedades; reconocieron plantas como: la caña santa, naranja agria, ajo y caléndula en enfermedades como: la hipertensión arterial, infecciones respiratorias, trastornos circulatorios y estomatitis. El 84 por ciento de los profesionales de las categorías médicos, estomatólogos, enfermeras y licenciados obtuvieron los conocimientos durante su formación profesional. Conclusiones: Existe poco aprovechamiento de las diferentes modalidades terapéuticas y sus propiedades como tratamiento médico(AU)
Introduction: Natural medicine is an effective alternative in the medical treatment of various diseases. Objective: To describe the level of use of natural medicine by health professionals. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive and observational study was carried out. The study universe consisted of 44 health professionals of various categories, who met the inclusion criteria. Qualitative and quantitative variables were used. Results: 64 percent of the professionals reported using natural medicine at all times of treatment. The most used modality was phytotherapy, accounting for 51 percent for the dental doctors. 75 percent of the professionals used phytopharmaceuticals as the only therapeutic option for treating different diseases. They recognized the use of plants such as lemon grass, bitter orange, garlic and marigold for treating arterial hypertension, respiratory infections, circulatory disorders and stomatitis. 84 percent of the professionals in the categories of physicians, dental doctors, nurses and graduates obtained the knowledge during their professional training. Conclusions: There is little use of the different therapeutic modalities and properties of natural medicine as medical treatment(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Medicina de Hierbas/métodos , Fitoterapia/métodos , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudio ObservacionalRESUMEN
Preparations of Helicteres sacarolha (Malvaceae) leaves and roots are used in the form of decoction, infusion or maceration, to treat gastrointestinal disturbances, among others. Studies supporting some of its ethnomedicinal uses are still incipient. The present study aimed to investigate it potential effect on chronic ulcer, ulcerative colitis and possible prokinetic activities as part of its mechanism of action. The powdered leaves of Helicteres sacarolha (HEHs) was prepared by maceration in 70 % hydroethanolic solution. Its qualitative phytochemical constituents were investigated by direct flow injection analysis coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-APCI-IT-MSn ). The gastric ulcer healing effect was evaluated in acetic acid induced chronic ulcer in mice and the lesions were evaluated, including analysis of blood plasma cytokine levels. The prokinetic properties (gastric emptying and intestinal transit) were carried out in mice. Potential anti-ulcerative colitis activity was evaluated in rats using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (5 % TNBS) -induced colitis. All animal experiments were carried out at the doses of 20, 50 and 250â mg/kg (p.o.). Eight compounds were putatively identified, specifically lariciresinol, and its derivatives, kaempferol derivatives and Tricin-O-Glc. The extract promoted increased gastric ulcer healing at all doses tested. Modulation of the cytokines involved inhibition of some key pro-inflammatory cytokines with maximum effect on IL-1ß (70 %, 50â mg/kg, p<0.05), TNF-α (79 %, 20â mg/kg, p<0.01), and in the anti-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-10 (57 %, 50â mg/kg, p<0.05) and IL-17 (79 %, only at 50â mg/kg, p<0.05). Histological findings demonstrated a mitigated inflammatory activity, and tissues undergoing regeneration. HEHs treatment caused delayed gastric emptying, and increased intestinal transit, but had no effect in the experimentally induced ulcerative colitis. We report for the first time putatively the presence of Lariciresinol and tricin derivatives from the hydroethanolic leaves extract of H. sacarolha. Its possible mechanism of actions of gastric ulcer healing involves cytokines modulation, mitigation of inflammatory response and tissue regeneration and provoked opposing effect in the gastrointestinal system. The present study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of H. sacarolha leaves used in Brazilian ethnomedicine in the treatment of chronic gastric ulcer.
Asunto(s)
Antiulcerosos , Malvaceae , Úlcera Gástrica , Ratas , Ratones , Animales , Úlcera Gástrica/inducido químicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamiento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/patología , Citocinas , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/química , Fitoterapia/métodos , Ratas Wistar , Antiulcerosos/farmacología , Antiulcerosos/uso terapéutico , Antiulcerosos/química , Malvaceae/químicaRESUMEN
Ellagic acid (EA) is a bioactive polyphenolic compound naturally occurring as secondary metabolite in many plant taxa. EA content is considerable in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and in wood and bark of some tree species. Structurally, EA is a dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid (HHDP), a dimeric gallic acid derivative, produced mainly by hydrolysis of ellagitannins, a widely distributed group of secondary metabolites. EA is attracting attention due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiproliferative properties. EA displayed pharmacological effects in various in vitro and in vivo model systems. Furthermore, EA has also been well documented for its antiallergic, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective properties. This review reports on the health-promoting effects of EA, along with possible mechanisms of its action in maintaining the health status, by summarizing the literature related to the therapeutic potential of this polyphenolic in the treatment of several human diseases.
Asunto(s)
Antialérgicos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Ácido Elágico/farmacología , Taninos Hidrolizables/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polifenoles/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Animales , Antialérgicos/metabolismo , Antiinflamatorios/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Ácido Elágico/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Humanos , Taninos Hidrolizables/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/metabolismo , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Plantas/química , Plantas/metabolismo , Polifenoles/metabolismo , Sustancias Protectoras/metabolismoRESUMEN
The skin is a critical organ for the maintenance of the integrity and protection of the organism. When a wound occurs, a sequence of healing mechanisms is triggered to reconstruct the wounded area. ß-caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene in Copaifera langsdorffii oleoresin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. On the basis of previous studies with C. langsdorffii, ß-caryophyllene was selected to evaluate its wound healing potential and pharmacological mechanisms. The excision wound model was used with male Wistar rats and macroscopic, histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses were performed with skin samples, comparing the ß-caryophyllene-treated group with reference drugs. The results showed macroscopic retraction of the wounds treated with ß-caryophyllene. Biochemical assays revealed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the ß-caryophyllene-treated group with increasing levels of IL-10 and GPx and decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory molecules, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1ß and IL-6. After ß-caryophyllene treatment, immunohistochemical assays showed enhanced re-epithelialization, through the increase in laminin-γ2 and desmoglein-3 immunolabeling. ß-caryophyllene also act in the remodeling mechanism, increasing the collagen content in the Masson's trichrome staining. These findings indicated the wound-healing potential of ß-caryophyllene topical formulation in rat skin wounds, mediated by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and re-epithelialization mechanisms.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Fabaceae/química , Fitoquímicos/administración & dosificación , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/administración & dosificación , Repitelización/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/lesiones , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Heridas Penetrantes/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Tópica , Animales , Citocinas/metabolismo , Masculino , Modelos Animales , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Heridas Penetrantes/metabolismoRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Information on the use of medicinal plants in the daily life by Paraguayan people is scarce in mainstream scientific literature. The study on the Paraguayan diaspora in the Provincia de Misiones, Argentina, gives an insight into Guaraní traditions, colonial legacy and current search for new medicinal plants to address new health challenges. AIM OF THE STUDY: To document the use of medicinal plants by Paraguayan mestizo migrants who moved into a new country, yet within the same ecological region. The present and past uses of medicinal plants were compared to understand the continuity and change in the Paraguayan herbal pharmacopoeia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fieldwork based on ethnographic and ethnobotanical techniques was carried out in the Provincia de Misiones, Argentina, in 2014, 2015, and 2019. Eighty-five Paraguayan migrants and their descendants from eastern Paraguay took part in the study. The list of recorded plants was compared with the information in historical sources from Paraguay, to examine the continuity and changes in Paraguayan herbal medicine, and with the present-day ethnobotanical studies from Paraguay. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies on the medicinal plants with the highest consensus of uses were reviewed. RESULTS: Altogether, 204 medicinal plant species were recorded. The most frequently mentioned species represented a combination of plants native to the New and Old World. Nearly 40% of the present-day Paraguayan pharmacopoeia shows continuity from colonial and post-colonial periods. Plants were used for 19 medical categories, of which digestive, circulatory and those belonging to humoral medicine were the most prevalent. The ongoing search of plants to treat new health problems is illustrated by reports of 40 species used for hypertension, 26 for diabetes and 18 to lower cholesterol. There is still little evidence for the effectiveness of these plants in the pharmacological literature. Paraguayan migrants were able to continue their traditional plant medicine in Misiones, Argentina, in a substantial way. CONCLUSION: This study was carried out in a geographic area with a long-standing tradition of Guaraní medicine. Paraguayan migrants in Misiones integrate pre-Hispanic Guaraní names and uses of plants and old humoral concepts with current adaptation of plants to meet new health challenges. Several of the uses described in early colonial times are still practiced, giving a solid background for in-depth studies of the local pharmacopoeia.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Preparaciones de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Plantas Medicinales/química , Migrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Argentina , Etnobotánica , Etnofarmacología , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Paraguay/etnología , Fitoterapia/métodosRESUMEN
iabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-contagious diseases. In 2017, The International Diabetes Federation reported that around 425 million people suffer from diabetes worldwide. Medications used for the treatment of diabetes lead to unwanted side effects, and thus, new safe drugs are necessary. Some natural plant-based products exhibit anti hyperglycemic activity and low toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity (using both in vitro and in vivo models) as well as cytotoxicity of the extracts obtained from various plants. Nine extracts from a total of eight plant species were subjected to in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. Subsequently, they were assessed through the ex vivo everted sac assay, and finally, the in vivo antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated. The extracts obtained from Ceanothus coeruleus, Chrysactinia mexicana and Zanthoxylum fagara inhibited the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in the in vitro assays. Ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic extracts from Jatropha dioica, hydroalcoholic extract from Salvia ballotaeflora and Chrysactinia mexicana, as well as methanolic extract from Ricinus communis and Zanthoxylum fagara significantly reduced the glucose uptake in the ex vivo everted intestinal sac test. All the eight extracts showed antihyperglycemic effect through the in vivo model of the Glucose Tolerance Test, using starch as the carbohydrate source. The antihyperglycemic effect of the extracts could be mediated through the inhibition of digestive enzymes and/or the absorption of glucose through the intestine. However, the mechanism of action for the hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia texana and the methanolic extract of Turnera diffusa, which showed a strong in vivo antihyperglycemic effect, is unclear.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/prevención & control , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Diabetes Mellitus/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Glucosa/metabolismo , Glucosa/farmacocinética , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa/métodos , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/química , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Metanol/química , México , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plantas Medicinales/clasificación , Ratas Wistar , Células VeroRESUMEN
With the spread of bacterial resistance against clinically used antibiotics, natural plant-derived products are being studied as new sources of antibacterial molecules. Manilkara zapota is a common plant species in the American continent that is used as a food source. Studies show the M. zapota extract is rich in phenolic substances that can serve as basic molecules for the pharmaceutical industry. An extract from fresh M. zapota leaves was produced and tested to identify the compounds present, as well as its direct antibacterial and clinical antibiotic modulatory activities. To analyze the results, a new statistical methodology based on the Shannon-Wiener index was tested, capable of correcting distortions in heterogeneous environments. The Hydroethanolic Extract of Manilkara zapota leaves (HEMzL) presented a wide variety of phenolic products, as well as tannins, in the UPLC analysis. The extract showed direct antibacterial activity against the standard Staphylococcus aureus strain, however, it either acted antagonistically when associated with the tested antibiotics, or it did not present statistical significance when compared to the control. This demonstrates a need to be cautious when associating natural products with antibiotics for clinical use, as a hindrance to infectious treatments may occur. As for the statistical analysis mechanism tested, this proved to be effective, reducing false negatives at low antibiotic concentrations and false positives at high concentrations in the microdilution plate.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Manilkara/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Animales , Antibacterianos/análisis , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Escherichia coli/fisiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/prevención & control , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/farmacología , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is potentially fatal for vulnerable individuals. Disease management represents a challenge for many countries, given the shortage of medicines and hospital resources. The objective of this work was to review the medicinal plants, foods and natural products showing scientific evidence for host protection against various types of coronaviruses, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2. Natural products that mitigate the symptoms caused by various coronaviruses are also presented. Particular attention was placed on natural products that stabilize the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), which has been associated with the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 into human cells.
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Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Coronavirus/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , SARS-CoV-2/efectos de los fármacos , Antivirales/metabolismo , Antivirales/farmacología , Productos Biológicos/metabolismo , COVID-19/virología , Humanos , Pandemias , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Plantas/química , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efectos de los fármacos , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The chronic metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus is a fast-growing global problem with huge social, health, and economic consequences, having one of the highest morbidities and mortality rates. Prolonged use of many available medications can produce undesirable side effects. Thus, plants appear as an important source of bioactive resources for the discovery of new treatments for diabetes. AREAS COVERED: In this sense, this systematic review focused on clinical trials involving plants of National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Unified Health System (RENISUS) (or compounds) with antidiabetic properties. We analyzed indexed studies in PubMed following the reporting guidelines of PRISMA. EXPERT OPINION: Of the 51 clinical trials found, Curcuma longa, Glycine max, Zingiber officinale, Punica granatum, Aloe vera, Momordica charantia are the species with the greatest amount of clinical trials and the attenuation of insulin resistance, decreased fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels are some of the main mechanisms by which these plants exert hypoglycemic effects. Thus, we speculate that the Clinical Pharmacology should explore the field of plant-based compounds that will keep concentrating the attention of researchers, and therefore, we gathered studies in advanced stages that highlight the role of plants in the diabetes therapy.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Preparaciones de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Plantas Medicinales/química , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatología , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a la Insulina , Fitoterapia/métodos , Preparaciones de Plantas/química , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Taxifolin (3,5,7,3,4-pentahydroxy flavanone or dihydroquercetin, Tax) was identified as a gastroprotective compound and a gastroadhesive formulation was recently developed to prolong its residence time and release in the stomach. So, the gastric healing effectiveness of Tax and gastro-mucoadhesive microparticles containing Tax (MPTax) against the acetic acid induced-gastric ulcer in rats was investigated in this study. Moreover, the interactions between Tax and H+/K+-ATPase were investigated in silico, and its anti- H. pylori activity was determined in vitro. The oral treatment with MPTax (81.37 mg/kg, containing 12.29% of Tax) twice a day for seven days reduced the ulcer area by 63%, compared to vehicle-treated group (Veh: 91.9 ± 10.3 mm2). Tax (10 mg/kg, p.o) reduced the ulcer by 40% but with a p = 0.07 versus Veh group. Histological analysis confirmed these effects. Tax and MPTax increased the gastric mucin amount, reduced the myeloperoxidase activity, and increased the glutathione reduced content at ulcer site. However, only MPTax decreased the lipoperoxide accumulation at ulcer site. Besides, Tax and MPTax normalize the catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity. Tax showed reversible interaction with H+/K+-ATPase in silico and its anti-H. pylori effects was confirmed (MIC = 625 µg/mL). These results suggest that the antiulcer property of Tax involves the strengthening of the gastric protective factors in parallel to its inhibitory interaction with H+/K+-ATPase and H. pylori. Considering that ulcer healing action displayed by Tax was favored by gastroadhesive microparticles, this approach seems to be promising for its oral delivery to treat acid-peptic diseases.