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La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad parasitaria causada por protozoarios intracelulares del género Leishmania. Es transmitida al humano mediante la picadura de flebótomos. Las leish- maniasis está clasificada en diferentes variantes clínicas: cutánea localizada o difusa, mucocutá- nea y visceral. Es una parasitosis común en Latinoamérica y sobre todo en los países en vías de desarrollo, donde el estilo de vida de la pobla- ción aumenta el riesgo de enfermarse, al vivir en zonas de concentración parasitaria natural, con poco acceso a los servicios de salud. Por esa razón, esta afección constituye un serio proble- ma de salud, cuyo conocimiento es de gran importancia para los médicos que se desempe- ñan en estas áreas dentro de países endémicos. Se presenta caso clínico de niño de siete meses de edad con úlcera no pruriginosa de forma circular de 5mm de diámetro en pómulo dere- cho, de cinco meses de evolución. El paciente es residente permanente de La Puerta, Meren- dón, San Pedro Sula, un área montañosa con abundante vegetación. Detectado en el Institu- to Hondureño de Seguridad Social Regional del Norte en el cual el estudio histopatológico evidenció macrófagos con amastigotes de leishmania. Se administró tratamiento con glucantime por veinte días, citándole a la mitad del tratamiento y al concluirlo obteniendo resultados cicatriciales favorables, sin recidivas. Este es uno de muchos casos de leishmaniasis cutánea localizada en San Pedro Sula, con lo que se confirma el incremento en la propagación de este parásito protozoario en este municipio...(AU)

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Shirvan district in north-eastern Islamic Republic of Iran is a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis. This study aimed to identify the vector(s), the parasite and the species composition of sand flies in the district during July-September 2009 using polymerase chain reaction techniques. In all, 2088 sand flies were collected from 3 villages. Nine sand fly species were identified: Phlebotomus kandelakii (Shchurenkova), P. major (Annandale), P. halepensis (Theodor), P. papatasi (Scopoli), P. sergenti (Parrot), P. longidactus (Parrot), P. caucasicus (Marzinovsky), Sergentomyia sintoni (Pringle) and S. sumbarica (Perfil'ev). P. sergenti and P. kandelakii were the most prevalent Phlebotomus species at 31.3% and 10.0% respectively. Of 59 female P. kandelakii, 2(3.4%) were naturally infected with L. infantum. This is the first finding of natural infection of P. kandelakii by L. infantum in this region suggesting P. kandelakii may be the vector of L. infantum in the area although it is the second most prevalent phlebotomine species.

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The developmental cycles of five Brazilian populations of the Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva species complex (Diptera: Psychodidae) were compared under laboratory conditions. Three of the populations were derived from insects collected in allopatric sites at Natal (Rio Grande do Norte State), Jacobina (Bahia State) and Lapinha Cave (Minas Gerais State). The other two originated from Sobral (Ceará State), where the males of two sympatric species can be distinguished by the presence of one (1S) or two (2S) pairs of abdominal spots. The results of the present study clearly show that all three populations whose males produce C16 pheromones and use pulse-type copulation songs (Jacobina, Lapinha Cave and Sobral 1S) are more easily adapted to the colonization conditions used in our laboratory, producing larger egg batches, with higher survival and an overall faster developmental cycle. This contrasts with populations producing C20 male pheromones and using burst-type copulation songs (Natal and Sobral 2S) that produce smaller egg batches, have higher oviposition mortality and a slower rate of development under identical laboratory conditions. In conclusion, these phenological differences are a further indication of the differentiation of the siblings within the Lu. longipalpis species complex.

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A total of 62 virus isolates was obtained from 12,485 male and female sandflies (predominately Phlebotomus papatasi) collected in a village in central Iran during the summer of 1975. The overall virus isolation rate from female sandflies was 1 per 177 insects processed. Of the 62 virus strains obtained, 49 were identified as Sicilian virus, 11 as Karimabad, and 2 as a new member of the vesicular stomatitis serogroup. One isolate each of Sicilian and Karimabad virus was made from pools of male sandflies. The three virus types were active in the sandfly population simultaneously. Sicilian virus isolation rates showed little variation during the study period, suggesting continuous virus activity during the sandfly season. The implications of these findings for the epidemiology of sandfly fever are discussed.

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