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Introduction: This paper presents the results of a study on pain reduction in newborns that undergo painful medical procedures. This research analyzed the reactions of babies before and after the heel lance procedure, a diagnostic test performed to detect phenylketonuria. This test involved the extraction of a capillary blood sample with a heel lance, a medical procedure that is painful for neonates. Objective: The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 24% oral glucose solution and breastfeeding during heal lance. Method: An experimental study was thus conducted on a sample of 93 newborns in the San Cecilio University Hospital in Granada in 2010. The babies in the sample were divided into three groups, depending on what they ingested during the heal lance. Results: The results obtained showed that there was an association between the difference in HR and the time before the newborn’s HR returned to normal after the heel lance (r = 0.562; p = 0.000). Moreover, a positive relation was found between the absolute difference in HR and the difference in oxygen saturation (OS) (r = 0.538; p = 0.000). Conclusion: The OS was found to be greater in the group of newborns that received breast milk (AU)

Introducción: Para la detección de la fenilcetonuria, se realiza la prueba diagnóstica que consiste en la extracción de una muestra de sangre capilar, mediante la punción del talón al recién nacido. Este proceder es muy doloroso para el neonato. Objetivo: Valorar la efectividad de la administración de glucosa oral al 24 % y lactancia materna durante la punción del talón en el recién nacido. Método: Se realizó un estudio experimental en una muestra de 93 recién nacidos del Hospital Clínico "San Cecilio" de Granada durante el año 2010. La muestra se distribuyó en tres grupos en función del tipo de ingesta administrada en la realización de la prueba del talón. Resultados: El estudio pone de manifiesto que existe asociación en la diferencia de la FC con el tiempo transcurrido hasta alcanzar la normalidad después de la punción (r = 0,562; p = 0,000). También se halló una relación positiva entre la diferencia absoluta en la FC y la diferencia en la Saturación de Oxígeno (SO) (r = 0,538; p = 0,000). Conclusión: La SO es mayor en el grupo de lactancia materna que en el resto; así como en el de glucosa oral 24% que en el de control (AU)

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine to what extent maternal and offspring phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) genotypes in conjunction with maternal IQ and dietary control during pregnancy are related to cognitive development in offspring of women with phenylketonuria (PKU). METHODS: PAH gene mutations were determined in 196 maternal PKU subjects and their offspring. The women were grouped according to PAH genotype, which predicts the metabolic phenotype (severe PKU, mild PKU, and mild hyperphenylalaninemia [MHP]). IQ was determined in both the mothers (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised at >18 years) and their children (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised at > or = 6-7 years of age). RESULTS: According to PAH genotypes, 62% of the women exhibited severe PKU, 19% exhibited mild PKU, and 19% exhibited MHP. Maternal IQ increased, and the assigned phenylalanine (Phe) levels decreased with decreasing severity of PAH genotype. In offspring of mild maternal PKU, multiple regression analysis showed offspring IQ to be significantly related to maternal IQ but not to Phe exposure during pregnancy, which was <750 micromol/L in all cases of mild PKU. In offspring of mothers with severe PKU and average Phe exposure during pregnancy of 360 to 750 micromol/L, multiple regression analysis revealed both maternal IQ and Phe exposure to be significant predictors of offspring IQ. When average Phe exposure was <360 micromol/L, cognitive development was normal (mean IQ: 105), whereas an average Phe exposure of >750 micromol/L severely depressed offspring IQ (mean IQ: 56) in this group regardless of maternal IQ. It could not be documented that the offspring PAH genotype affects cognitive development. CONCLUSION: Female individuals with severe PKU should be offered a diet for a lifetime. If good metabolic control is established, then women with PKU will have children with IQ scores that are not influenced by their disease.

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