RESUMEN
Black soldier fly meal in pet diets is gaining acceptance. This study aimed to assess the use of black soldier fly larvae defatted meal (BSFL) and its impact on blood parameters, biochemical markers, organic antioxidant capacity, skin barrier function and skin and coat quality. A cross-over study involved eight beagle dogs with two periods of 50 days each and a washout period of seven days in between. Two approximately iso-nutritive extruded diets were evaluated, the first containing 29.5% BSFL meal and a control diet containing 26% poultry by-product meal (PBP) as protein source. Skin and coat evaluations and blood collections were conducted before and after each period. Skin barrier function was assessed by measurement of trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) in belly and pinna of the dogs on days 0, 15, 30, and 45 of each period. A trend for higher antioxidant effect significant reduction in serum scavenging capacity was found with PBP for BSFL diet trough malondialdehyde and Vitamin E measurement in dog's serum 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. When fed PBP diet dogs exhibited reduction in serum cholesterol triglycerides and decreased LDL levels after 50 days, while dogs fed BSFL presented significant reduction in ALT. TEWL was significantly reduced in belly and pinna over time when dogs were fed BSFL, and TEWL in belly was significantly lower in dogs fed BSFL in comparison to PBP. while Increased SCH was also higher for the BSFL group observed in the same along the feeding period in comparison to PBP, indicating improved ability of the dogs to retain water and keep skin moisture. Improvement skin barrier function could be related to fatty acids from BSFL and increased sebaceous lipids in skin. These are responsible for to avoid water loss and improve skin protection against microbial insults. Inclusion of BSFL as protein source did not promote negative changes in blood biochemistry and had minor antioxidant effect in healthy dogs. However, it proved effective in improving skin barrier function, making BSFL a valuable alternative protein source for dogs, particularly those with sensitive skin or allergies manifesting on the skin.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Antioxidantes , Estudios Cruzados , Dieta , Larva , Animales , Perros/fisiología , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinaria , Larva/fisiología , Larva/química , Masculino , Femenino , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Simuliidae/fisiología , Simuliidae/química , Piel/química , Piel/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la PielRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The separation between the inside and outside through the skin was fundamental for the evolution of prevertebrates, which grow through extrapituitary circuits, to vertebrates, which grow through the somatotrophic axis, namely pituitary growth hormone (GH). and circulating IGF1.Individuals with untreated isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency (IGHD) due to a mutation in the GH-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH) gene, residing in Itabaianinha, Brazil, are vulnerable to skin cancer and have reduced sweating. However other aspects of their skin physiology are still unknown. Our objectives were to evaluate the number of skin cancers, skin aging, and functional aspects of the skin in this IGHD cohort. METHODS: Twenty-six IGHD individuals and 26 controls matched by age, sex, ethnicity, and occupation were submitted to a biochemical, dermatological and a functional skin assessment by the Multi Probe Adapter Cutometer® MPA 580. RESULTS: There was no difference in the number of skin cancers and in the degrees of photodamage between the groups. The melanin content in the forearm was similar between the groups but was lower in the buttocks (p = 0.005), as well as skin resistance (p < 0.0001) and elasticity (p = 0.003), lower in the IGHD. There was no difference in hydration and sebum content between the two groups. CONCLUSION: IGHD is apparently associated with a neutral profile in terms of skin cancer and photodamage, with similar melanin on the forearm and lower buttocks, lower skin resistance and elasticity, with hydration and sebum similar to controls.
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Hormona de Crecimiento Humana , Piel , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Piel/metabolismo , Hormona de Crecimiento Humana/deficiencia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Envejecimiento de la Piel/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Enanismo Hipofisario/epidemiología , AdolescenteRESUMEN
To evaluate the effect of different iron dextran application programs on the performance, fecal score, and skin color of suckling piglets, as well as sow performance, 288 piglets from 24 sows were allocated to four treatments in six replications with 12 piglets per experimental unit, in a block design. The treatments were as follows: T200_000, T200_100, T200_200, and T100_100, whose respective values (in mg) corresponded to the applications of the first dose of iron dextran on the second day of life and of the second dose on the 10th day. Piglets on T200_000 and T200_200 showed the highest feed intake. In the period from 10 to 22 days, piglets receiving T100_100 exhibited the highest fecal score. On the 10th day of age, the lowest lightness (L*) value on the ear was obtained with T200_100, and the highest with T100_100. Treatments T200_000, T200_100, and T200_200 generated the highest red color (a*) intensity on the ear, whereas T100_100 provided the lowest hue and parameter b* values on the leg and snout. On the 22nd day of age, the highest b* and hue values of the ear and snout were found in the group fed T100_100. In conclusion, all evaluated programs were efficient in preventing iron deficiency anemia in newborn piglets. To reduce expenses, we recommend administering a single dose of 200 mg of iron dextran to piglets on the second day of life.(AU)
Foram utilizados 288 leitões de 24 matrizes, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos com quatro tratamentos, seis repetições, com 12 leitões por unidade experimental com objetivo de avaliar diferentes programas de aplicação de ferro dextrano sobre desempenho, escore fecal e coloração de pele de leitões em aleitamento, assim como as repercussões sobre o desempenho das matrizes. Os tratamentos consistiram em: T200_000; T200_100; T200_200; e T100_100; nos quais os valores corresponderam, respectivamente (em mg), à aplicação da primeira dose de ferro dextrano no segundo dia de vida e à aplicação da segunda dose no 10º dia. Os leitões que foram submetidos a T200_000 e a T200_200 tiveram maior consumo de ração. No período de 10 a 22 dias, os leitões de T100_100 obtiveram maior escore fecal. Ao 10º dia de idade dos leitões, o menor valor de luminosidade (L*) da orelha foi em T200_100 e o maior valor em T100_100. A maior intensidade da cor vermelha (a*) na orelha foi obtida em T200_000, T200_100 e T200_200. Na tonalidade e no parâmetro b* do pernil e do focinho, T100_100 foi aquele que apresentou menor valor. No 22º dia de idade dos leitões, o maior valor de b* e da tonalidade da orelha e do focinho foi verificado em T100_100. Conclui-se que todos os programas avaliados foram eficientes na prevenção da anemia ferropriva em leitões neonatos. Visando a redução de gastos, recomenda-se a administração de uma única dose de 200 mg de ferro dextrano no segundo dia de vida dos leitões.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Porcinos/fisiología , Anemia Ferropénica/prevención & control , Complejo Hierro-Dextran/administración & dosificación , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Hemoglobinas/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The aim of the present study is to describe the skin morphology and morphometry of the giant anteater (M. tridactyla), based on comparative analysis applied to skin segments from central metacarpal torus (palmar pad), dorsal thorax, ventral cervical, ventral abdomen, medial carpal and nasal regions. In order to do so, eight adult specimens of M. tridactyla were used for macroscopic studies and four for microscopic assessments. Microscopy was used to assess fur general features that were macroscopically assessed through visual analysis. Fragments (2.0cm²) were collected from the selected regions for microscopic studies. Samples were fixed on McDowell solution, processed through routine histology techniques and subjected to semi-serial cuts (5 µm). The cuts were stained in HE, Alcian blue and periodic acid Schiff. General morphology of different skin layers was described, as well as their architecture and composition; mesoscopy of the epidermis, dermis and stratum corneum was also carried out. There was difference in skin morphometry between males and females, and between different skin regions in the same animal, based on the statistical evaluation of the recorded values. All epidermis layers were assessed for the selected regions. Dermis encompassed surface and deep layers; it presented sweat and sebaceous glands, as well as hair follicles. Findings also allowed reporting that epidermis components are easily identified given its thickness, and the large amount of sweat glands in it it contrasts its physiological features.(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a morfologia e morfometria da pele do Tamanduá-bandeira (M. tridactyla), mediante a análise comparativa de segmentos cutâneos das regiões central do toro metacarpal (coxim palmar), dorsal do tórax, cervical ventral, ventral do abdome, medial do carpo e nasal. Para tanto, foram utilizados oito exemplares adultos de M. tri-dactyla para o estudo macroscópico, e quatro destes para o estudo microscópico. Macroscopicamente estudou-se, por meio de análise visual, as características gerais do pelo e pelagem. Para o estudo microscópico, foram coletados fragmentos de 2,0 cm2 das áreas selecionadas. As amostras foram fixadas em solução de McDowell, processadas pelas técnicas rotineiras de his-tologia e submetidas a cortes semi-seriados de 5 µm. Os cortes foram corados com HE, azul de Alcian e ácido periódico de Schiff. Descreveu-se a morfologia geral, a arquitetura e a composição das diferentes camadas da pele e ainda realizou-se a mesoscopia da epiderme, derme e estrato córneo. De acordo com a avaliação estatística dos valores obtidos, houve diferença na morfometria cutânea entre machos e fêmeas, e entre as diferentes regiões cutâneas de um mesmo animal. Nas regiões estu-dadas observou-se todas as camadas da epiderme. A derme compôs-se das camadas superficial e profunda, apresentado glân-dulas sudoríferas e sebáceas e folículos pilosos. Dentre os achados também pode-se relatar que os componentes da epiderme são facilmente identificáveis pela sua maior espessura, além da grande quantidade de glândulas sudoríferas presentes, o que contrasta com suas características fisiológicas.(AU)
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Animales , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Vermilingua/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
The effect of pretreated method to remove the non-collagenous protein by using alkaline and enzyme Alcalase, as well as the temperature and time for extracting on the properties of gelatin from tra catfish skin were investigated. Yields of gelatin extracted at 70 °C for 1h from pretreated skin by enzyme method (16.2%) was significantly higher than that of the sample by alkaline method (12.14%). However, the gel strength of gelatin from skin treated via enzyme Alcalase was lower than gelatin sample pretreated by alkaline while the turbidity values was higher than gelatin from skin pretreated via alkaline. From SDS-PAGE profile, gelatin from skin pretreated by alkaline consisted of two different α- chains in protein pattern while enzymatic gelatin had low molecular weight peptides. The FT-IR spectra showed the lower wavenumber in amide I and III of enzymatic gelatin in compare to alkaline gelatin by the loss of triple helical structure during enzyme treatment. From the results, the using enzyme for pretreated material has potential to replace the alkaline method for gelatin production with purpose to reduce chemical waste caused serious ecological issues.
Investigou-se o efeito do método pré-tratado para remoção da proteína não colágena com a utilização da alcalina e da enzima Alcalase, bem como a temperatura e o tempo de extração sobre as propriedades da gelatina da pele do bagre tra. O rendimento da gelatina extraída a 70 °C por 1h da pele pré-tratada pelo método enzimático (16,2%) foi significativamente superior ao da amostra pelo método alcalino (12,14%). No entanto, a força do gel da gelatina da pele tratada com a enzima Alcalase foi menor do que a amostra de gelatina pré-tratada com alcalina, enquanto os valores de turbidez foram maiores do que a gelatina da pele pré-tratada com alcalina. A partir do perfil SDS-PAGE, a gelatina da pele pré-tratada com alcalina consistia em duas cadeias α diferentes no padrão de proteína, enquanto a gelatina enzimática tinha peptídeos de baixo peso molecular. Os espectros de FT-IR mostraram o menor número de onda na amida I e III da gelatina enzimática em comparação com a gelatina alcalina pela perda da estrutura helicoidal tripla durante o tratamento enzimático. Pelos resultados obtidos, a utilização de enzimas para material pré-tratado tem potencial para substituir o método alcalino para produção de gelatina com objetivo de reduzir o desperdício químico causado por sérios problemas ecológicos.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Piel/enzimología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Bagres , Subtilisinas , GelatinaRESUMEN
The keratinocyte (KC) is the main functional and structural component of the epidermis, the most external layer of the skin that is highly specialized in defense against external agents, prevention of leakage of body fluids and retention of internal water within the cells. Altered epidermal barrier and aberrant KC differentiation are involved in the pathophysiology of several skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD). AD is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by cutaneous and systemic immune dysregulation and skin microbiota dysbiosis. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanisms of this complex disease remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the participation of the KC in different aspects of the AD. We provide an overview of the genetic predisposing and environmental factors, inflammatory molecules and signaling pathways of the KC that participate in the physiopathology of the AD. We also analyze the link among the KC, the microbiota and the inflammatory response underlying acute and chronic skin AD lesions.
Asunto(s)
Dermatitis Atópica/etiología , Dermatitis Atópica/metabolismo , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Alelos , Animales , Biomarcadores , Terapia Combinada , Dermatitis Atópica/patología , Dermatitis Atópica/terapia , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades/inmunología , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Interacciones Microbiota-Huesped , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , Queratinocitos/inmunología , Microbiota , Piel/inmunología , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/patología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la PielRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: El contacto piel a piel (CPP) postparto es una práctica de atención de salud fuertemente aconsejada por la OMS, por los beneficios a largo y a corto plazo que conlleva tanto para la salud de la madre como para la del recién nacido. OBJETIVO: Realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica con el objetivo de determinar los beneficios que tiene la CPP durante el periodo del postparto inmediato sobre la lactancia materna (LM) y la ictericia neonatal (IN). RESULTADOS: Los resultados muestran que el CPP aumenta diversos indicadores de éxito de lactancia materna, dentro de los cuales destacan: aumento en la efectividad de la primera lactancia, mayor probabilidad de mantener la LM a 4 meses, aumento del periodo de LM en promedio, mayor probabilidad de LM exclusiva a 6 meses. No se encontraron mayores beneficios al iniciar el CPP antes de los 10 minutos, ni al prolongarlo más de 60 minutos. Además, el CPP indirectamente disminuye la probabilidad de presentar IN, debido a que aumenta la frecuencia de LM, indicador que se asocia de manera indirecta a los niveles de bilirrubina en el recién nacido. CONCLUSIÓN: La revisión de la literatura especializada nos permite concluir que el contacto temprano entre la madre y su hijo en sala de partos, piel a piel, tiene efectos significativamente positivos en la lactancia materna y puede llegar a representar un factor protector de la hiperbilirrubinemia no conjugada en el RN.
Postpartum skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is a health care practice strongly advised by the WHO because of the long- and short-term benefits for both maternal and newborn health. This update summarizes the main findings supporting the recommendation to perform SSC during the immediate postpartum period, specifically the benefits on breastfeeding (BF) and neonatal jaundice (NI). The results show that SSC increases several indicators of breastfeeding success, including: increased effectiveness of the first breastfeeding, greater probability of maintaining BF at 4 months, increased BF period on average, greater probability of exclusive BF at 6 months. No greater benefits were found when initiating SSC before 10 minutes, nor when prolonging it for more than 60 minutes. In addition, SSC indirectly decreases the probability of presenting NI, because it increases the frequency of BF, an indicator that is indirectly associated with bilirubin levels in the newborn. CONCLUSION: A review of the specialized literature allows us to conclude that postpartum skin-to-skin contact (SSC) has significantly positive effects on breastfeeding and may represent benefits in bilirubin levels in the newborn.
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Humanos , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Lactancia Materna/métodos , Ictericia Neonatal/prevención & control , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Tacto , Hiperbilirrubinemia Neonatal/prevención & control , Relaciones Madre-Hijo , Apego a ObjetosRESUMEN
SUMMARY: The cutaneous wounds of trunk and tail healing scar-free or with scar were different in lizard species. Full- thickness cutaneous injuries of tail and body of Scincella tsinlingensis were examined by histomorphological and immunohistochemistrical methods. The results showed that all injuries healed without scarring. The process of the wound healing of S. tsinlingensis involved hemostasis, re-epithelialization, proliferation and remodelling, which also could be further subdivided into six stages. Stage I, 0-2 day post wound (dpw), the blood oozed gradually, no obvious wound contraction, minimal blood loss. Stage II, 2-10 dpw, the wound bed covered by the fibrin clot of blood, tissue fluid and tissue debris. Stage III, 7d-15 dpw, the wrinkled wound epitheliums was gradually stratified, and its surface was keratinized and exfoliated. Stage IV, 10-28 dpw, pigment cells were distributed at the boundary between epidermis and dermis, with few blood vessels and no granulation tissue formation. Stage V, 20-70 dpw, opaque scales covered the wound epithelium with randomly scattered melanophores in the base of the epidermis. Stage VI, 45-135 dpw, the epidermis and dermis restored to the thickness of the original skin. Regenerated scales were similar to scales of the uninjured dermis. The positive immunostaining of matrix metalloproteinases-9, cytokeratin 6, alpha smooth muscle actin, caspase 3 and transforming growth factor-β3 showed the specificity of healing period and different stages, which participated in skin wounds healing of S. tsinlingensis.
RESUMEN: En las diferentes especies de lagartos las heridas cutáneas del tronco y la cola sin cicatrices, o con algún tipo de cicatriz son diversas. En este estudio se examinaron las heridas cutáneas de espesor total de la cola y el cuerpo de Scincella tsinlingensis mediante métodos histomorfológicos e inmunohistoquímicos. Los resultados indicaron que todas las lesiones sanaron sin cicatrices visibles. El proceso de cicatrización de heridas de S. tsinlingensis implicó hemostasia, reepitelización, proliferación y remodelación, que también podrían subdividirse en seis etapas. Etapa I, 0-2 días después de la herida (dph), la sangre filtraba gradualmente, sin contracción evidente de la herida, con pérdida mínima de sangre. Etapa II, 2-10 dph, el lecho de la herida estaba cubierto por el coágulo de sangre, líquido tisular y restos tisulares de fibrina. Etapa III, 7-15 dph, los epitelios de la herida se estratificaron gradualmente y su superficie se queratiniza y exfolia. Etapa IV, 10-28 dph, las células pigmentarias se distribuyeron en el límite entre la epidermis y la dermis, con pocos vasos sanguíneos y sin formación de tejido de granulación. Etapa V, 20-70 dph, escamas opacas cubrieron el epitelio de la herida con melanóforos dispersos al azar en la base de la epidermis. Etapa VI, 45-135 dph, la epidermis y la dermis restauradas al grosor de la piel original. Las escamas regeneradas eran similares a las escamas de la dermis sin herida. La inmunotinción positiva de metaloproteinasas- 9 de matriz, citoqueratina 6, actina de músculo liso alfa, caspasa 3 y factor de crecimiento transformante-β3 mostró la especificidad del período de curación y las diferentes etapas, que participaron en la curación de heridas cutáneas de S. tsinlingensis.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiología , Lagartos , InmunohistoquímicaRESUMEN
Glutamic acid is the main excitatory neurotransmitter acting both in the brain and in peripheral tissues. Abnormal distribution of glutamic acid receptors occurs in skin hyperproliferative conditions such as psoriasis and skin regeneration; however, the biological function of glutamic acid in the skin remains unclear. Using ex vivo, in vivo and in silico approaches, we showed that exogenous glutamic acid promotes hair growth and keratinocyte proliferation. Topical application of glutamic acid decreased the expression of genes related to apoptosis in the skin, whereas glutamic acid increased cell viability and proliferation in human keratinocyte cultures. In addition, we identified the keratinocyte glutamic acid excitotoxic concentration, providing evidence for the existence of a novel skin signalling pathway mediated by a neurotransmitter that controls keratinocyte and hair follicle proliferation. Thus, glutamic acid emerges as a component of the peripheral nervous system that acts to control cell growth in the skin. These results raise the perspective of the pharmacological and nutritional use of glutamic acid to treat skin diseases.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Glutámico/farmacología , Folículo Piloso/efectos de los fármacos , Cabello/efectos de los fármacos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Apoptosis , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular , Simulación por Computador , Desarrollo de Medicamentos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Ácido Glutámico/metabolismo , Humanos , Queratinocitos/citología , Masculino , Ratones , Mapeo de Interacción de Proteínas , Regeneración , Transducción de Señal , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
Biological resource banks represent valuable tools for the conservation of species vulnerable to extinction, such as the jaguar. Cryobanks of skins have the potential to safeguard rare genotypes, allowing the potential exploitation of biological samples in animal multiplication technologies and the study of genetic variability. Determination of the most suitable skin regions for tissue conservation can help increase the efficiency of cryobanks and the storage of biological samples. To this end, we evaluated the effects of vitrification of skin tissues from the ear, caudal, and femoral regions of a post-mortem jaguar belonging to a zoo in Brazil. Non-vitrified and vitrified samples were evaluated and compared using quantitative methods, focusing on skin thickness, cell quantification, number of perinuclear halos, collagen and elastic density, and proliferative activity. No differences were observed in skin thickness, number of perinuclear halos, elastic density, and proliferative activity between non-vitrified and vitrified tissues in skin from any region. However, vitrified tissues derived from femoral skin showed a reduction in the number of fibroblasts, epidermal cells and collagen density compared to non-vitrified tissues. In summary, the ear and caudal regions provided the best conservation of somatic tissues derived from jaguars, and skin samples from these regions are therefore the most suitable for the formation of cryobanks.
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Criopreservación/veterinaria , Panthera/fisiología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Piel/anatomía & histología , Manejo de Especímenes , Vitrificación , Animales , Oído , Cola (estructura animal)Asunto(s)
Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Edad Gestacional , Recien Nacido Extremadamente Prematuro/fisiología , Manejo de la Vía Aérea , Encéfalo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Encéfalo/fisiología , Enterocolitis Necrotizante/prevención & control , Femenino , Viabilidad Fetal , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Corazón/crecimiento & desarrollo , Corazón/fisiología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades del Prematuro/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Prematuro/prevención & control , Riñón/crecimiento & desarrollo , Riñón/fisiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/prevención & control , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro/epidemiología , Atención Prenatal , Sepsis/prevención & control , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Equilibrio Hidroelectrolítico/fisiologíaAsunto(s)
Elasticidad , Examen Físico/métodos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Piel/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Pruebas Cutáneas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Skin wound healing is a highly complex event that involves different mediators at the cellular and molecular level. Lupeol has been reported to possess different biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and in vitro wound healing properties, which motivated us to proceed with in vivo studies. We aimed to investigate the wound healing effect of lupeol-based cream for 3, 7, and 14 days. Wound excisions were induced on the thoraco-lumbar region of rats and topically treated immediately after injury induction. Macroscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Cytokine levels were measured by ELISA and gene expression was evaluated by real-time RT-qPCR. Our results showed a strong wound-healing effect of lupeol-based cream after 7 and 14 days. Lupeol treatment caused a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1ß, and IL-6) and gene and protein NF-κB expression, and positively altered IL-10 levels, showing anti-inflammatory effects in the three treatment periods. Lupeol treatment showed involvement in the proliferative phase by stimulating the formation of new blood vessels, increasing the immunostaining of Ki-67 and gene expression, and immunolabeling of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), and increasing gene expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-ß1) after seven days of treatment. Lupeol was also involved in the tissue regeneration phase by increasing the synthesis of collagen fibers noted in the three treatment periods analyzed. Our findings suggest that lupeol may serve as a novel therapeutic option to treat cutaneous wounds by regulating mechanisms involved in the inflammatory, proliferative, and tissue-remodeling phases.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Colágeno/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapéutico , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/uso terapéutico , Fitoterapia , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Cutánea , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Fármacos Dermatológicos/administración & dosificación , Fármacos Dermatológicos/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular/genética , Antígeno Ki-67/genética , Masculino , FN-kappa B/genética , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/administración & dosificación , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/farmacología , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , ARN Mensajero/genética , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Regeneración/efectos de los fármacos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Oily skin and hair not only contain a large amount of sebum, but also exhibit other changes that compromise their physiology. The immediate effects of dermocosmetics are very important for adhesion to treatment. AIM: The aim of the present study was to characterize oily skin and scalp, to evaluate the correlation of sebum production with porphyrin counts and the immediate effects of topical formulations for sebum control. PATIENTS/METHODS: A total of 100 women aged 18-49 years were recruited. Sebaceous gland activity, sebum amount, stratum corneum water content (SCWC) transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin gloss, amount of porphyrins and pores were determined in the face and SCWC, sebum amount, porphyrin count, and TEWL were also determined in the scalp. The immediate effects of formulations containing a guarana extract were determined after 2 hours of application. RESULTS: A correlation between sebaceous gland activity and presence of porphyrins in the frontal region of the face was detected. Low gloss values and large amounts of pores in the malar region were related to lower skin uniformity. High sebum values and low SCWC and porphyrin count were also observed in the vertex region. The studied formulations reduced the sebum content of face and scalp after 2 hours of application. CONCLUSION: Oily skin and hair showed high sebum values, which were correlated with porphyrin count and with the activity of sebaceous glands. Finally, the studied formulations had immediate reducing effects on sebum amounts on the skin and scalp.
Asunto(s)
Porfirinas , Glándulas Sebáceas , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sebo , Piel , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Epidermis hydration measurement is an important tool to assess its health. SkinUp® is a portable device that measures moisture and oil levels of skin through impedance method, it is cheap and has small dimensions, but this equipment has not yet been cited in the scientific literature. Thus, the objective of this work was to validate SkinUp® equipment by comparing its results with Corneometer® CM825. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty subjects had skin hydration measurement on forearm, cheeks, and forehead. Measurements obtained with the two instruments were correlated by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient and the P-value significance. The sensitivity of the equipment to different regions and treatments and their accuracy were also evaluated. RESULTS: Positive correlations between equipment were found for skin hydration, with P ≤ .001. Both instruments presented high sensitivity to the different treatments (P < .001). When sensitivity to different regions was evaluated, both showed greater hydration in the cheek and forehead when compared to the forearm (P < .005). The measurements between the cheek and forehead showed no significant difference when compared to each other. In addition, the two devices have good repeatability in the measurements. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that SkinUp® can be used in the future for skin analysis in in vivo assays.
Asunto(s)
Agua Corporal , Estado de Hidratación del Organismo , Piel , Belleza , Epidermis , Humanos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la PielRESUMEN
The skin of the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) is important for animal thermoregulation in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Skin tissue samples were collected from A. australis for microscopic analysis and were related to anatomical references. The aim of this study was to describe the skin morphology, as well as to suggest the major anatomical regions and skin components involved in the thermoregulation of this species. Using light microscopy, the skin of six animals was examined based on histological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical criteria. Hair follicle morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The skin was classified as either thick or thin based on its epidermal thickness. The thin epidermis regions had more abundant hair follicles, as well as high pigmentation, whereas the thick epidermis regions had very pigmented epidermal layers. Pigmentation of hair and skin is fundamental for protection against ultraviolet rays; moreover, hair is important in preventing abrasion, and provides an insulating layer against the external environment, which can be much colder than body temperature. Furthermore, the dermis is well vascularized, especially the superficial dermis. All regions of the skin have adaptations for maintaining the animal's condition in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Among the studied regions, the interdigital region from hindflipper showed important morphological characteristics related to thermoregulation, such as having an epidermis of intermediate thickness, a dermis with a small number of hairs, a large amount of blood vessels, and sweat glands with large lumens, indicating that heat exchange in this region may be faster.
Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal/fisiología , Lobos Marinos/anatomía & histología , Folículo Piloso/anatomía & histología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Piel/anatomía & histología , Animales , Epidermis/anatomía & histología , Epidermis/fisiología , Lobos Marinos/fisiología , Folículo Piloso/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Estimation of gestational age (GA) is important to make timely decisions and provide appropriate neonatal care. Clinical maturity scales to estimate GA have used skin texture and color to assess maturity at birth facing situations of the uncertainty of pregnancy dating. The size and darkness of the areola around the nipple to grade skin characteristics are based on visual appearance. The melanin index (M-Index) is an optical skin parameter related to the melanin content in the tissue. This study is aimed to associate the M-Index of the skin with the GA. METHODS: A cross-sectional study evaluated 80 newborns at birth. A photometer device quantified the skin pigmentation on the areolae, forearms, and soles. Paired average differences of M-Index were compared among the three body sites. The skin M-Indexes were compared between subgroups of newborns until 34 weeks or with 34 and more. RESULTS: The skin over the areola had the highest values of M-Index compared with the forearm or sole areas (P < .001 for both). Infants with a GA between 34 and <37 weeks had higher M-Index values over the areola than the group with a GA with 24 to <34 weeks: 41.7 (8.9) and 38.3 (10.5) median (IQR), P = .005. CONCLUSIONS: The measurable M-Index values have the potential to improve physical evaluation in assessing GA at birth.