RESUMEN

PURPOSE: This work aimed to investigate the effects of Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) on myocardial cell (MC) apoptosis in a rat model of heart failure (HF). METHODS: Tan IIA was extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) using an ethanol reflux method. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham (no treatment), mod (HF model establishment), low dose (LD: 0.1 mL/kg Tan IIA), medium dose (MD: 0.3 mL/kg Tan IIA), and high dose (HD: 0.5 mL/kg Tan IIA), with 10 rats in each group. The effects of different doses of Tan IIA on cardiac function, MC apoptosis, and the levels of proteins associated with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway were compared. RESULTS: Mod group showed a significant decrease in systolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular fractional shortening, and the levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR proteins versus sham group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), end-systolic diameter, diastolic pressure, and MC apoptosis were significantly increased (p < 0.05). LD, MD, and HD groups exhibited significant improvements across various indicators of cardiac function and MC apoptosis versus mod group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tan IIA may improve cardiac function and inhibit MC apoptosis in rats with HF by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Asunto(s)

Abietanos , Apoptosis , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Miocitos Cardíacos , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Salvia miltiorrhiza/química , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Masculino , Abietanos/farmacología , Abietanos/uso terapéutico , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Distribución Aleatoria , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) extract has several health benefits and anti-obesogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the medicinal properties attributable to HS would prevent or mitigate bladder changes induced by obesity in an experimental model. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were submitted to one of four different dietary interventions (12 animals each): G1, standard diet and water (controls); G2, standard diet and HS tea; G3, a palatable high-fat diet and water; and G4, high-fat diet diet and HS tea. The animals were monitored for body weight, feed, and water and tea intake, according to the allocated group. After 16 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and the levels of creatinine, inflammatory cytokines, testosterone, cholesterol, triglycerides, and electrolytes were evaluated. In addition, histopathological analysis of the animals' bladder was performed. RESULTS: Groups receiving HS (G2 and G4) showed decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α. HS tea was able to reduce low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in the G2 group compared to other groups. Only in the G3 there was a significant increase in the body weight when it was compared the 12th and 16th weeks. Leptin was shown to be elevated in the groups that received a high-fat diet. There was a significant decrease in the muscle fibers thickness and in the total collagen count in G4 bladder when compared with G1 and G3. CONCLUSIONS: HS has an anti-inflammatory role, can reverse hyperlipidemia in rats, and reduced deleterious effects of obesity on these animals' bladder.

Asunto(s)

Dieta Alta en Grasa , Hibiscus , Obesidad , Extractos Vegetales , Ratas Wistar , Vejiga Urinaria , Animales , Hibiscus/química , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Vejiga Urinaria/efectos de los fármacos , Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Ratas , Suplementos Dietéticos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Triglicéridos/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Leptina/sangre

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Blackberries are rich in polyphenols and are a human health food continuously consumed to improve health and reduce diseases caused by aging. Herein, we evaluated the effects of daily blackberry administration before and after transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils. METHODS: Blackberry extract (BBE) was orally administered twice a day for two weeks to protect against ischemic events during continuous administration. On the seventh day after administration, the bilateral common carotid arteries were transiently occluded for 5 min. To verify its therapeutic effect, BBE was administered after ischemia using a similar protocol without pre-administration. In both experiments, the number of viable neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was assessed seven days after ischemic treatment. RESULTS: The number of neurons in the group treated with BBE before ischemia was higher than that in the group treated with distilled water (p = 0.0601), and similar to that in the control group. In the BBE administration experiments after ischemia, the number of neurons was significantly reduced compared to that in the control group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous BBE intake is expected to prevent or ameliorate ischemic events such as transient cerebral ischemia.

Asunto(s)

Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Gerbillinae , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Tiempo , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Resultado del Tratamiento , Recuento de Células

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Although mechanical oral hygiene is widely practiced, it faces several challenges. Mouthwashes, such as chlorhexidine (CHX), are being explored as adjuncts to biofilm control, but their prolonged use has several side effects. Consequently, there is ongoing research into natural alternatives. This randomized crossover clinical study aimed to compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of 0.12 % CHX and a 5 % Malva sylvestris. METHODS: Forty-four participants were involved in two phases, each comprising three stages with variations in the mouthwash solution used only. During the study, participants refrained from mechanical plaque removal for seven days. At first day, they received whole-mouth prophylaxis and oral health assessment. After three days, gingival inflammation assessment and prophylaxis in were performed in contralateral quadrants. Participants then used a randomly assigned mouthwash solution for four days. On the 7th day, they completed a questionnaire about their perception and appreciation of the mouthwash. Additionally, gingival inflammation and plaque index were also performed by a calibrated examiner. After a minimum 21-day washout period, participants entered the second phase, repeating the three stages. RESULTS: Results showed no statistically significant differences between the Malva sylvestris and CHX groups regarding inflammation and plaque formation. However, CHX demonstrated a significantly greater mean reduction (7th - 4th day) in gingival inflammation compared to Malva (p = 0.02) (0.01 ± 0.19 and 0.00 ± 0.19, respectively). Additionally, participants using CHX reported a more pleasant taste and considered higher plaque control perception (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, both products exhibited similar antiplaque effects, but CHX outperformed Malva in controlling gingival inflammation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Mouthwashes with Malva sylvestris may be a good alternative, in a short-term period, to control biofilm. However, lower antigingivitis efficacy may be expected when compared to chlorhexidine.

Asunto(s)

Antiinfecciosos Locales , Clorhexidina , Estudios Cruzados , Índice de Placa Dental , Placa Dental , Gingivitis , Antisépticos Bucales , Humanos , Clorhexidina/uso terapéutico , Clorhexidina/análogos & derivados , Antisépticos Bucales/uso terapéutico , Gingivitis/prevención & control , Gingivitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Placa Dental/prevención & control , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Antiinfecciosos Locales/uso terapéutico , Adulto Joven , Índice Periodontal , Resultado del Tratamiento , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

Obesity is a significant health concern that is correlated with various adverse health outcomes. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is associated with impaired cognitive function. Pharmacological treatments for obesity are limited and may have serious adverse effects. Zingiber officinale (ZO) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, in addition to metabolic effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of Zingiber officinale supplementation on cognitive function, anxiety levels, neurotrophin levels, and the inflammatory and oxidative status in the cortex following DIO in mice. Two-month-old male Swiss mice were fed DIO or standard chow for 4 months and subsequently subdivided into the following groups (n = 10 mice/group): (i) control - vehicle (CNT + vehicle); (ii) CNT supplemented with ZO (CNT + ZO); (iii) obese mice (DIO + vehicle); and (iv) obese mice supplemented with ZO (DIO + ZO) (n = 10). Zingiber officinale extract (400 mg/kg/day) was administered for 35 days via oral gavage. The DIO + vehicle group exhibited impaired recognition memory. The CNT + ZO group presented a greater number of crossings in the open field. No difference between the groups was observed in the plus maze test. DIO + vehicle increased the DCFH and carbonylation levels in the cortex. The DIO + vehicle group presented a reduction in catalase activity. The expression of inflammatory or neurotrophin markers in the cerebral cortex was not different. In conclusion, our findings indicate that supplementation with ZO reverses the cognitive impairment in DIO mice and enhances the antioxidant status of the cerebral cortex.

Asunto(s)

Encéfalo , Disfunción Cognitiva , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Suplementos Dietéticos , Estrés Oxidativo , Zingiber officinale , Animales , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Disfunción Cognitiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Disfunción Cognitiva/metabolismo , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of Amorphophallus campanulatus tuber (Ac) extract in the protection of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) rat model. METHODS: Diabetes was induced with STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.), and DN was confirmed after six weeks of STZ administration with the estimation of kidney function test. Further rats were treated with Ac 250 and 500 mg/kg p.o. for next four week. Oxidative stress and level of inflammatory cytokines were estimated in the kidney tissue of DN rats. Histopathology of kidney tissue was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: There was improvement in the body weight of Ac treated groups than DN group of rats. Blood glucose level was observed to be reduced in Ac treated groups than DN group on 42nd and 70th day of protocol. Treatment with Ac ameliorated the altered level of kidney function tests (creatinine and BUN), enzymes of liver function (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), and lipid profile in the serum of DN rats. Oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species enhances and reduction in the level of glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reduces in the tissue of Ac treated group than DN group. Treatment with Ac also attenuates the altered histopathological changes in the kidney tissue of DN rats. CONCLUSIONS: The report suggests that Ac protects renal injury in DN rats by regulating inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Nefropatías Diabéticas , Estrés Oxidativo , Extractos Vegetales , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Animales , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Nefropatías Diabéticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Nefropatías Diabéticas/prevención & control , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Estreptozocina , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/patología , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/análisis , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Tubérculos de la Planta/química

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Head and neck cancer patients frequently develop radiation dermatitis (RD) during radiotherapy. We compared liposomal gel with and without chamomile extract for the prevention and management of RD in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty participants undergoing radiotherapy for the first time for head and neck cancer were recruited in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Primary outcomes were the occurrence of dry desquamation and the cumulative dose of ionizing radiation at the first occurrence of dry desquamation. Secondary outcomes were the occurrence of erythema, moist desquamation, global RD, and participant self-reported symptoms. RESULTS: Dry desquamation occurred in 76.9 % (95 % CI: 57.9, 89.0) of participants in the chamomile liposomal gel group and in 88.9 % (95 % CI: 71.9, 96.1) in the liposomal gel group (p = 0.43). The median cumulative dose of ionizing radiation when dry desquamation occurred was 48.0 Gy in the chamomile liposomal gel group and 40.0 Gy in the liposomal gel group. Fewer symptoms were reported in the chamomile liposomal gel group. CONCLUSION: No statistically significant differences in outcomes were found between the two groups, though the chamomile liposomal gel group presented with lower grades of RD than the liposomal gel group. In addition, when compared to the literature on other topical interventions to manage RD, our results show that chamomile liposomal gel has potential for better management and prevention of RD in this population, which should be further tested. This study provides crucial information to design future studies. Clinical Trials Registration (REBEC): RBR-92cts3.

Asunto(s)

Manzanilla , Geles , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Liposomas , Radiodermatitis , Humanos , Radiodermatitis/prevención & control , Radiodermatitis/etiología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Método Doble Ciego , Anciano , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Adulto

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Despite the well-recognized effectiveness of Ruscus aculetus extract combined or not with ascorbic acid (AA) and hesperidine methyl chalcone (HMC) on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury protection, little is known about the contribution of each constituent for this effect. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of AA and HMC combined or not with Ruscus extract on increased macromolecular permeability and leukocyte-endothelium interaction induced by I/R injury. METHODS: Hamsters were treated daily during two weeks with filtered water (placebo), AA (33, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day) and HMC (50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day) combined or not with Ruscus extract (50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day). On the day of experiment, the cheek pouch microcirculation underwent 30 min of ischemia, and the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes and leaky sites were evaluated before ischemia and during 45 min of reperfusion. RESULTS: Ruscus extract combined with AA and HMC (Ruscus extract mixture) significantly prevented post-ischemic increase in leukocyte rolling and adhesion and macromolecular permeability compared to placebo and these effects were more prominent than AA and HMC alone on leukocyte adhesion and macromolecular leakage. CONCLUSION: Ruscus extract mixture were more effective than its isolated constituents in protect the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation against I/R injury.

Asunto(s)

Ácido Ascórbico , Leucocitos , Extractos Vegetales , Daño por Reperfusión , Animales , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Cricetinae , Masculino , Chalconas/farmacología , Chalconas/uso terapéutico , Mesocricetus , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Endotelio Vascular/metabolismo , Permeabilidad Capilar/efectos de los fármacos , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Hesperidina/análogos & derivados

RESUMEN

This work investigated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of lemongrass extract and its effects on rat hepatotoxicity. The lemongrass extract (LGE) contains bioactive components such as phenolic acids, flavonoid components, vitamin C, fibers, and tannins. The LGE had high phenolic content (397 mg/100g) and flavonoids (164 mg/100g), influencing its antioxidant activity of 91.25%. Additionally, it inhibited 81% of breast cancer, also, inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria and Candida at a concentration of 20-40 µg/mL. Additionally, it inhibited SARS-Cov-2 by 75%; however, increasing the activity of Cas-3. Quercetin-3-rhamnoside was the main phenolic compound in the HPLC profile; the phenolic compounds may be attributable to the beneficial effects of LGE. In this study, the CCl4-challenged rats delivered two levels of LGE (100 and 300 mg/kg BW). LGE reduced ALT, AST, creatinine and urea by 50 and 37%, respectively. Generally, LGE mitigated the oxidative stress induced by CCl4, which is evident in the histology of liver and kidney tissues, where significant improvement, with no cytoplasmic degradation in undamaged liver hepatocytes, improved kidney performance and shape. It can be concluded that polyphenolic-rich LGE can mitigate the oxidative stress induced by CCl4 and other parameters while enhancing kidney and liver performance.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Antivirales , Tetracloruro de Carbono , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ratas , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/prevención & control , Antivirales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Masculino , Ratas Wistar , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología

RESUMEN

Tomatoes are well known for their impressive nutritional value among vegetables. However, the industrial processing of tomatoes generates a significant amount of waste. Specifically, 10% to 18% of the raw materials used in tomato processing become waste. This waste can seriously affect ecosystems, such as freshwater bodies, wetlands, rivers, and other natural environments, if not properly managed. Interestingly, tomato waste, specifically the skin, contains lycopene, a potent antioxidant and antimutagenic that offers a range of health benefits. This makes it a valuable ingredient in industries such as food and cosmetics. In addition, researchers are exploring the potential of lycopene in the treatment of various types of cancer. This systematic review, guided by the PRISMA 2020 methodology, examined studies exploring the possibility of tomato peel as a source of lycopene and carotenoids for cancer treatment. The findings suggest that tomato peel extracts exhibit promising anticancer properties, underscoring the need for further investigation of possible therapeutic applications. The compiled literature reveals significant potential for using tomato peel to create new cancer treatments, which could potentially revolutionize the field of oncology. This underscores the importance of continued research and exploration, emphasizing the urgency and importance of the scientific community's contribution to this promising area of study.

Asunto(s)

Licopeno , Neoplasias , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Licopeno/química , Licopeno/farmacología , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Carotenoides/uso terapéutico , Carotenoides/química , Carotenoides/farmacología , Animales

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of an ethanol extract of Ocimum basilicum L. (EEOb) aerial parts against Ehrlich's experimental tumor (EET) in mice. METHODS: Swiss mice were divided into two groups (control and treated; n = 6). On day 21, all mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 2 × 106 (0.05 mL) EET cells in the left paw for solid tumor development. This study lasted 28 days. Treatment began 24 hours after inoculation with EET. Measurements of dorsoplantar thickness were used to assess tumor growth. The paw pad was collected for histopathological analysis and stained using the argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions (AgNOR) technique and immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Bcl-2 and Bax. RESULTS: The treatment of animals with EEOb at 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally was able to reduce the growth (Control = 3.7 ± 0.1 mm vs. EEOb = 5.7 ± 0.2 mm) and the number of AgNORs of solid Ehrlich tumor. The antitumor effect of EEOb was associated with the induction of apoptosis of tumoral cell, as suggested by the reduction of the content of Bcl-2 induced by extract. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that daily administration of EEOb is able to reduce the growth of EET by induce apoptosis of tumoral cells.

Asunto(s)

Apoptosis , Carcinoma de Ehrlich , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ocimum basilicum , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/patología , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ocimum basilicum/química , Masculino , Inmunohistoquímica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/análisis , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Tagetes erecta L. (Asteraceae), popularly known as Aztec Marigold, is used in folk medicine to treat several ailments including inflammatory processes. Despite its historical use, the specific mechanisms through which it may modulate inflammation, particularly its effects on neutrophils and macrophages activation, have not yet been completely investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from T. erecta flowers, focusing on its role in the regulation of neutrophil and macrophage functions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The production of TNF, IL-6, CXCL-1, IL-1ß, IL-10 (ELISA) and NO (Griess reaction), adhesion molecule expression (CD62L, CD49d and CD18, flow cytometry), and chemotaxis were analyzed in vitro using oyster glycogen-recruited peritoneal neutrophils or macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with the extract (1, 10 or 100 µg/mL). The resolution of inflammation was accessed by efferocytosis assay. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using carrageenan-induced inflammation in the subcutaneous tissue of male Swiss mice orally treated with the T. erecta extract (30, 100 or 300 mg/kg). The leukocyte influx (optical microscopy), secretion of chemical mediators (TNF, IL-6 and IL-1ß, ELISA) and protein exudation (Bradford reaction) were quantified in the inflamed exudate. RESULTS: In vitro studies demonstrated that the extract inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis and reduced the production and/or release of cytokines (TNF, IL-1ß, CXCL1, and IL-6) as well as nitric oxide (NO) by neutrophils and macrophages when stimulated with LPS. Neutrophils treated with LPS and incubated with the extract showed an increase in CD62L expression, which leads to the impairment of neutrophil adhesion. The extract also enhanced efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages, which was accompanied by increased IL-10 secretion and decreased TNF levels. In vivo studies yielded similar results, showing reduction in neutrophil migration, protein exudation, and cytokine release (TNF, IL-6, and IL-1ß). CONCLUSIONS: Together, the data herein obtained shows that T. erecta flower extract has anti-inflammatory effects by regulating inflammatory mediators, limiting neutrophil migration, and promoting efferocytosis. The in vivo results suggest that an herbal medicine made with T. erecta could represent an interesting pharmacological tool for the treatment of acute inflammatory condition.

Asunto(s)

Antiinflamatorios , Carragenina , Citocinas , Inflamación , Medicina Tradicional , Neutrófilos , Extractos Vegetales , Tagetes , Animales , Tagetes/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Células RAW 264.7 , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Flores , Lipopolisacáridos , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo

RESUMEN

El presente estudio es una comparación del dolor abdominal producido por trastornos gastrointestinales, aliviado por Ageratina ligustrina , entre los grupos maya Tzeltal, Tzotzil y Q ́eqchi ́, el cual integró un enfoque etnomédico, etnobotánico y transcultural, comparando estudios previos con el presente trabajo de campo. Para evaluar la eficacia de Ageratina para aliviar el dolor abdominal, se realizó un inventario de las moléculas reportadas en esta especie, así como de su actividad farmacológica, a través de una revisión bibliográfica. Los resultados mostraron que la epidemiología del dolor producido por TGI, su etnobotánica y el modelo explicativo del dolor abdominal fueron similares entre grupos étnicos. Asimismo, se identificaron 27 moléculas con efectos antiinflamatorios y antinociceptivos, lo que podría explicar por qué esta especie es culturalmente importante para los pobladores maya Tzeltal, Tzotzil y Q ́eqch i ́ para el alivio del dolor abdominal, mientras que, desde el punto de vista biomédico, es una especie con potencial para inhibir el dolor visceral.

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The current study is a comparison of the abdominal pain conception produced by gastrointestinal disorders, relieved by Ageratina ligustrina , among inhabitants of the Mayan Tzeltal, Tzotzil, and Q'eqchi' groups ethnomedical, ethnobotanical, and cross -cultural approaches were used to compare previous studies with the present field work. To evaluate the efficacy of A. ligustrina to relieve pain, also through a bibliographic review an inventory of the molecules present in this species was performed, as well as their pharmacological activity. The results showed that the epidemiology of pain produced by GID, its ethnobotany, and the explanatory model of abdominal pain are similar among ethnic groups. Likewise, 27 molecules with anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects were identified, which could explain why this species is culturally important for the Mayan Tzeltal, Tzotzil, and Q'eqchi' groups for the relief of abdominal pain, while, from a biomedical point of view, it is a species with potential to inhibit visceral pain.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Indígenas Centroamericanos , Dolor Abdominal/tratamiento farmacológico , Etnofarmacología , Ageratina/química , Etnobotánica , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , México

Asunto(s)

Lepidium , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Sueño/fisiología , Perú , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: H. pectinata (L.) Poit, popularly known as "sambacaitá" or "canudinho", is a plant endemic to north-eastern Brazil. Its aerial parts, leaves and flowers have traditionally been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, rhinopharyngitis, nasal congestion, bacterial and fungal infections, fever, colic, inflammation, and pain. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this review was to provide information on the botanical characteristics, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological-pharmacological activities of H. pectinata. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review followed the Cochrane Handbook Collaboration and the PRISMA guidelines. The review question was what are the biological-pharmacological activities of H. pectinata presented in non-clinical studies. The search for articles was conducted in the Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Virtual Health Library, SciELO, Google Scholar and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations databases. Two reviewers independently selected the studies that met the inclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. RESULTS: 39 articles were included in this review, of which 19 reported in vitro experiments, 16 in vivo studies and 4 in vivo and in vitro experiments. H. pectinata is a plant widely used in folk medicine in north-eastern Brazil for the treatment of various ailments, such as respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, bacterial and fungal infections, and general inflammation. Supporting its popular use, several in vitro and in vivo pharmacological investigations of the essential oil and extract of H. pectinata have demonstrated their anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antidepressant, anticancer, hepatoregenerative, healing, and antimicrobial activities. H. pectinata has been reported to contain 75 bioactive constituents, comprising 9 flavonoids, 54 terpenes, and 12 other compounds. CONCLUSION: H. pectinata is a plant commonly used in traditional medicine. Phytochemically, it contains several bioactive constituents, including terpenes and flavonoids, and has been shown to have antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumour activity, as well as hepatorregenerative and healing effects, and low toxicity.

Asunto(s)

Medicina Tradicional , Fitoquímicos , Extractos Vegetales , Humanos , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoterapia , Etnofarmacología , Brasil

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the efficacy of Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. to control anxiety, surgical discomfort, and changes in vital signs of patients undergoing extraction of two unilateral third molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial. Fifty-four patients were allocated into three groups (Valeriana officinalis L., Passiflora incarnata L., and placebo). Anxiety levels were assessed using the State-Trace Anxiety Inventory (STAI) index, surgical discomfort using the QCirDental, and through the measurement of vital signs. The surgical times evaluated were before (T0), during (T1), and after surgery (T2). RESULTS: There was evidence that both Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L., reduced STAY-S scores between T0 and T2 (p < .05), unlike placebo (p = .129). There was no change in surgical discomfort in all groups over time, and vital signs presented variable results. CONCLUSION: Phytotherapy drugs showed a reduction in anxiety state compared to the placebo group during third molar extraction procedure.  CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: klRBR-6kcxvrc, March 10, 2022.

Asunto(s)

Ansiedad al Tratamiento Odontológico , Tercer Molar , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales , Extracción Dental , Valeriana , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Tercer Molar/cirugía , Adulto , Ansiedad al Tratamiento Odontológico/prevención & control , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Passiflora , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Given the importance of discovering plant species from the Brazilian Cerrado biome with anticancer potential, this study evaluated the antitumor activity of two extracts of Campomanesi adamantium fruits in in vitro and in vivo models of melanoma lung metastasis. Pulp and peel extracts (DEGPU and DEGPE, respectively) were extracted from fresh fruit using dichloromethane as a solvent. As cytotoxicity parameter, concentration values that inhibited 50% cell growth (GI50), total growth inhibition (TGI), and selectivity index (SI) were established. The melanoma lung metastasis model was obtained by injecting 5 × 105/50 µL B16-F10 cells via the tail vein of mice, which received treatment on the 15th day. Metastatic lungs were collected for fluorescence analysis with the IR-780 marker and also macro- and microscopic assessment. In vitro analyses showed that DEGPU was active in K562 (GI50 32.99; TGI 47.93) and U-251 (GI50 32.10; TGI 249.92), whereas DEGPE showed better cytotoxicity results for all tumor cell lines, but was more efficient in K562 (GI50 27.42; TGI 40.20) and U-251 (GI50 4.89; TGI 12.77). Both showed a cytocidal effect on B16F10 at the highest concentration tested, with approximately 25% (DEGPU) and 88% (DEGPE) of cell death. In vivo analyzes showed that both extracts showed significant activity in metastatic lung. Fluorescence images showed differences in intensity between groups owing to greater tumor involvement. Macro- and microscopic images showed that treatments with extracts limited tumor growth and prevented proliferation. The extracts tested have promising activity, thus requiring further research on their active compounds.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Myrtaceae , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/química , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Humanos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Myrtaceae/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Frutas/química , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Melanoma Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma Experimental/patología , Brasil

RESUMEN

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a multipurpose dietary and medicinal plant known for its ability to promote various health benefits. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex metabolic disorder driving health and socioeconomic challenges worldwide. It may be characterized by insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. This study aims to conduct a review of pomegranate's effects on MetS parameters using a mechanistic approach relying on pre-clinical studies. The peel, juice, roots, bark, seeds, flowers, and leaves of the fruit present several bioactive compounds that are related mainly to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities as well as cardioprotective, antidiabetic, and antiobesity effects. The use of the juice extract can work as a potent inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme activities, consequently regulating blood pressure. The major bioactive compounds found within the fruit are phenolic compounds (hydrolysable tannins and flavonoids) and fatty acids. Alkaloids, punicalagin, ellagitannins, ellagic acid, anthocyanins, tannins, flavonoids, luteolin, and punicic acid are also present. The antihyperglycemia, antihyperlipidemia, and weight loss promoting effects are likely related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. When considering clinical application, pomegranate extracts are found to be frequently well-tolerated, further supporting its efficacy as a treatment modality. We suggest that pomegranate fruit, extract, or processed products can be used to counteract MetS-related risk factors. This review represents an important step towards exploring potential avenues for further research in this area.

Asunto(s)

Síndrome Metabólico , Fitoquímicos , Extractos Vegetales , Granada (Fruta) , Granada (Fruta)/química , Síndrome Metabólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Frutas/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of Passiflora Incarnata L., (PI) in treating IR injury after testicular torsion in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research investigated the impact of PI on IR damage in male Wistar albino rats. Animals were divided to three groups: group 1 (sham), group 2 (IR), and group 3 (IR+PI). RESULTS: The malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels did not significantly differ across the groups (p = 0.830, p = 0.153 and p=0.140, respectively). However, Group 3 demonstrated a superior total antioxidant status (TAS) value compared to Group 2 (p = 0.020). Concurrently, Group 3 presented a significantly diminished mean total oxidant status (TOS) relative to Group 2 (p = 0.009). Furthermore, Group 3 showed a markedly improved Johnsen score relative to Group 2 (p < 0.01). IR caused cell degeneration, apoptosis, and fibrosis in testicular tissues. PI treatment, however, mitigated these effects, preserved seminiferous tubule integrity and promoted regular spermatogenesis. Furthermore, it reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Bax, and Annexin V, signifying diminished inflammation and apoptosis, thereby supporting cell survival (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that PI significantly reduces oxidative stress and testicular damage, potentially benefiting therapies for IR injuries.

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OBJETIVO: Explorar el posible efecto protector de Passiflora incarnata L. (PI) en el tratamiento de la lesión por isquemia-reperfusión (IR) después de una torsión testicular en ratas. MÉTODO: Se estudió el impacto de Passiflora incarnata en el daño por IR en ratas Wistar albinas machos. Los animales se dividieron tres grupos: 1 (simulado), 2 (IR) y 3 (IR+PI). RESULTADOS: Los niveles de malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) y glutathione (GSH) no difirieron significativamente entre los grupos (p = 0.830, p = 0.153 y p = 0.140, respectivamente). Sin embargo, el grupo 3 tuvo un valor de estado antioxidante total (TAS) superior en comparación con el grupo 2 (p = 0.020). Al mismo tiempo, el grupo 3 presentó un estado oxidante total (TOS) medio significativamente disminuido en comparación con el grupo 2 (p = 0.009). El grupo 3 mostró una mejora notable en la puntuación de Johnsen en comparación con el grupo 2 (p < 0.01). La IR causó degeneración celular, apoptosis y fibrosis en los tejidos testiculares. El tratamiento con PI mitigó estos efectos, preservó la integridad de los túbulos seminíferos y promovió la espermatogénesis regular. Además, redujo la expresión de factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, Bax y anexina V, lo que significa una disminución de la inflamación y de la apoptosis, respaldando así la supervivencia celular (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 y p < 0.01, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio reveló que PI reduce significativamente el estrés oxidativo y el daño testicular, beneficiando potencialmente las terapias para lesiones por IR.

Asunto(s)

Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Passiflora , Ratas Wistar , Daño por Reperfusión , Torsión del Cordón Espermático , Animales , Masculino , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/complicaciones , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Ratas , Passiflora/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia , Malondialdehído/análisis , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/análisis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Age-related neurological disorders (ANDs), including neurodegenerative diseases, are complex illnesses with an increasing risk with advancing years. The central nervous system's neuropathological conditions, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and protein misfolding, are what define ANDs. Due to the rise in age-dependent prevalence, efforts have been made to combat ANDs. Vitis viniferahas a long history of usageto treat a variety of illness symptoms. Because multiple ligand sites may be targeted, Vitis viniferacomponents can be employed to treat ANDs. This is demonstrated by the link between the structure and action of these compounds. This review demonstrates that Vitis viniferaand its constituents, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, stilbenoidsandaromatic acids, are effective at reducing the neurological symptoms and pathological conditions of ANDs. This is done by acting as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The active Vitis vinifera ingredients have therapeutic effects on ANDs, as this review explains.

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Las enfermedades neurológicas asociadas a la edad (AND, por su sigla en inglés) incluyendo las enfermedades neurodegenerativas, son enfermedades complejas con un riesgo creciente con la edad. Las condiciones neuropatológicas del sistema nervioso central, que incluyen el estrés oxidativo, la neuro inflamación, y el plegado erróneo de proteínas, son lo que define las AND. Debido al aumento en la prevalencia dependiente de la edad, se han hecho esfuerzos para combatir las AND. Vitis vinifera tiene una larga historia de uso para el tratamiento de síntomas. Puesto que puede hacer objetivo a muchos sitios ligando, los componentes de Vitis viniferase pueden utilizar para tratar AND. Esto se demuestra por el vínculo entre la estructura y la acción de estos compuestos. Esta revisión demuestra que la Vitis viniferay sus constituyentes, incluídos los flavonoides, componentes fenólicos, estilbenoides, y ácidos aromáticos, son efectivos para reducir los síntomas neurológicos y las condiciones patológicas de AND. Esto se produce por su acción como antioxidante y antiinflamatorio. Los ingredientes activos de Vitis vinifera tienen efectos terapéuticos en AND, y esta revisión lo explica.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Envejecimiento , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Vitis/química , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/tratamiento farmacológico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico