RESUMEN

Estradiol (E2) deficiency arising from menopause is closely related to changes in body composition and declines of muscle mass and strength in elderly women. Whole-body vibration training (WBV) is an emerging approach expected to improve muscle mass and strength of older person, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The balance between protein synthesis and degradation is a determining factor for muscle mass and strength, which is regulated by Akt-mTOR and FoxO1 signal pathway, respectively. In the present study, we firstly determined whether the effects of WBV on muscle mass and strength in ovariectomized female mice was affected by estrogen level, then investigated whether this was associated with Akt-mTOR and FoxO1 signal pathways. We found that (1) WBV, E2 supplementation (E) and WBV combined with E2 supplementation (WBV+E) significantly increased serum estradiol content, quadriceps muscle mass and grip strength in ovariectomized mice, accompanied with alterations of body composition (reducing fat content, increasing lean body mass and lean percent), furthermore, the altered degrees of these indicators by WBV+E were greater than WBV alone; (2) WBV, E and WBV+E remarkably increased the activities of Akt and mTOR and decreased FoxO1 activity, and the changed degrees by WBV+E were greater than WBV alone; (3) Pearson correlation coefficient revealed that serum estradiol content was positively correlated with Akt and mTOR activities, while inversely associated with FoxO1 activity. We concluded that WBV could significantly increase muscle mass and strength in ovariectomized mice, which might achieve through activating Akt-mTOR and suppressing FoxO1 signal pathways, and the improving effect of WBV on muscle mass and strength was better when in the presence of estrogen.

Asunto(s)

Estradiol , Estrógenos , Proteína Forkhead Box O1 , Fuerza Muscular , Ovariectomía , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR , Vibración , Animales , Femenino , Vibración/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Estradiol/sangre , Proteína Forkhead Box O1/metabolismo , Estrógenos/sangre , Estrógenos/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/métodos

RESUMEN

Increased circulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) levels have been observed in patients with acute lung injury (ALI). However, the sex-specific regulation of TIMP-1 and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well elucidated. In this study, we found that plasma TIMP-1 levels were significantly higher in COVID-19 and H1N1 patients compared with those in healthy subjects (n = 25). TIMP-1 concentrations were significantly different between males and females in each disease group. Among female but not male patients, TIMP-1 levels significantly correlated with the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and hospital length of stay. Using the mouse model of ALI induced by the H1N1 virus, we found that TIMP-1 is strikingly induced in PDGFRα-positive cells in the murine lungs. Moreover, female mice showed a higher Timp-1 expression in the lungs on day 3 postinfection. Mechanistically, we observed that estrogen can upregulate TIMP-1 expression in lung fibroblasts, not epithelial cells. In addition, overexpression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) increased the TIMP-1 promoter activity. In summary, TIMP-1 is an estrogen-responsive gene, and its promoter activity is regulated by ERα. Circulating TIMP-1 may serve as a sex-specific marker, reflecting the severity and worst outcomes in female patients with SARS-CoV2- and IAV-related ALI.

Asunto(s)

Lesión Pulmonar Aguda , Biomarcadores , COVID-19 , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-1 , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/genética , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/metabolismo , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/sangre , Animales , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-1/genética , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-1/sangre , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-1/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Humanos , Ratones , COVID-19/metabolismo , COVID-19/genética , COVID-19/sangre , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/metabolismo , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/genética , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Estrógenos/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Pulmón/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Factores Sexuales , Caracteres Sexuales , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/metabolismo , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/genética

RESUMEN

Previous studies have suggested that the effects of androgens on body weight (BW) and appetite are affected by the estrogen milieu in females; however, the mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. We hypothesized that androgens may affect endogenous oxytocin (OT), which is a hypothalamic anorectic factor, and that these effects of androgens may be altered by the estrogen milieu in females. To investigate this hypothesis, in the present study, we examined the effects of testosterone on peripheral and central OT levels in ovariectomized female rats that did or did not receive estradiol supplementation. Ovariectomized female rats were randomly divided into non-estradiol-supplemented or estradiol-supplemented groups, and half of the rats in each group were concurrently supplemented with testosterone (i.e., rats were divided into four groups, n = 7 per each group). We also measured peripheral and central OT receptor (OTR) gene expression levels. As a result, we found that testosterone increased serum and hypothalamic OT levels and OT receptor mRNA levels in non-estradiol-supplemented rats, whereas it had no effects on these factors in estradiol-supplemented rats. In addition, testosterone reduced food intake, BW gain, and fat weight in non-estradiol-supplemented rats, whereas it did not have any effects on BW, appetite, or fat weight in estradiol-supplemented rats. These findings indicate that the effects of androgens on OT may be affected by the estrogen milieu, and elevated OT levels may be related to the blunting of appetite and prevention of obesity under estrogen-deficient conditions.

Asunto(s)

Estradiol , Hipotálamo , Ovariectomía , Oxitocina , Receptores de Oxitocina , Testosterona , Animales , Oxitocina/sangre , Oxitocina/farmacología , Femenino , Testosterona/sangre , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/efectos de los fármacos , Estradiol/sangre , Estradiol/farmacología , Ratas , Receptores de Oxitocina/metabolismo , Receptores de Oxitocina/genética , Estrógenos/sangre , Estrógenos/farmacología , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Apetito/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Introduction. Lactobacillus species predominate the human vagina and are associated with positive vaginal health, including an acidic pH (<4.5). The prevalence of vaginal Lactobacilli increases with increased oestrogen due to increased glycogen production within the vagina. Lactobacilli produce lactic acid, thereby lowering vaginal pH, preventing growth of other bacteria, and lowering microbial diversity. Lower placental oestrogen levels in obese pregnant women could dampen the mechanism to initiate this process, which may be associated with vaginal dysbiosis and unfavourable pregnancy outcomes.Hypothesis. We hypothesize that oestrogen and glycogen levels will be lower, vaginal pH will be higher, and vaginal microbiome diversity will be greater during pregnancy in obese and overweight women compared to healthy weight women.Aim. Pregnancy complications (e.g. preterm birth) are more common in overweight and obese women. If vaginal dysbiosis plays a role, and quantifiable predictors of this increased risk can be determined, these measures could be used to prospectively identify women at risk for pregnancy complications early in pregnancy.Methodology. Vaginal samples were collected at 10-14, 18-24, 26-30, and 34-37 weeks gestation and at delivery from 67 pregnant participants (23 healthy weight, 22 overweight, 22 obese). A blood sample to quantify serum oestrogen was collected at 10-14 weeks. Vaginal samples were collected to test vaginal pH using pH paper, glycogen abundance using fluorometry, and the vaginal microbiome using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.Results. Vaginal pH was higher in obese participants compared to healthy weight participants (P=<0.001). Vaginal glycogen levels increased over time in obese participants (P=0.033). The vaginal bacterial alpha diversity was higher in obese participants compared to healthy weight participants (P=0.033). The relative abundances of Peptoniphilus and Anaerococcus were increased in overweight and obese participants, as well as in complicated pregnancies, at 10-14 weeks gestation.Conclusion. The relative abundance of specific vaginal bacteria, like Peptoniphilus and Anaerococcus, in early pregnancy could predict pregnancy outcomes. Our goal is to use the information gathered in this pilot study to further determine the feasibility of assessing the vaginal environment during pregnancy to identify women at risk for negative pregnancy and birth outcomes in the context of a larger study.

Asunto(s)

Microbiota , Obesidad , Resultado del Embarazo , Vagina , Humanos , Femenino , Vagina/microbiología , Embarazo , Obesidad/microbiología , Adulto , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Disbiosis/microbiología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/microbiología , Estrógenos/sangre , Estrógenos/metabolismo , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/genética , Glucógeno/metabolismo , Glucógeno/análisis , Adulto Joven , Lactobacillus/aislamiento & purificación , Nacimiento Prematuro , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the association between sex hormones and the risk of pulmonary fibrosis by conducting a meta-analysis of previously published studies. METHODS: We executed a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to locate pertinent studies published up to April 2024. We included studies that reported the association between sex hormones and the risk of pulmonary fibrosis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 10 articles, encompassing 1371 patients, were finally incorporated in this meta-analysis. Based on the evaluation of the included studies, it was observed that the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (pooled SMD: -0.72, 95% CI: -1.21 to -0.24, p < 0.001), testosterone (pooled SMD: -1.25, CI: -2.39 and -0.11, p < 0.001) and estrogen (pooled SMD: -0.56, 95% CI: -0.96 to -0.15, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in patients with pulmonary fibrosis, whereas the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) remained unaffected. Publication bias was ruled out through funnel plots. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis indicates that reduced levels of DHEA-S, testosterone, estrogen may serve as potential risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis. There is a pressing need for additional studies to confirm this association and explore the underlying biological mechanisms. Clinicians should recognize the potential influence of sex hormones in the etiology of pulmonary fibrosis and consider this aspect during the patient management process.

Asunto(s)

Sulfato de Deshidroepiandrosterona , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales , Fibrosis Pulmonar , Testosterona , Humanos , Fibrosis Pulmonar/sangre , Fibrosis Pulmonar/epidemiología , Sulfato de Deshidroepiandrosterona/sangre , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/sangre , Testosterona/sangre , Estrógenos/sangre , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Femenino , Masculino

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of age, various hormonal levels, and biochemical markers on penile cavernous body vascular function in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). Me-thods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from male patients with ED who underwent color duplex Doppler ultrasonography (CDDU) and intracavernosal injection test (ICI) at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2020 to August 2023. Data were managed and processed using SPSS 29.0, and a multivariable Logistic regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 700 ED patients were included, with 380 showing negative ICI results and 320 positive. In the study, 84 patients had a peak systolic velocity (PSV) < 25 cm/s, while 616 had PSV≥25 cm/s; 202 patients had end-diastolic velocity (EDV)>5 cm/s, and 498 had EDV≤5 cm/s. 264 patients had abnormal PSV and/or EDV results, and 436 had normal results for both. Patients with vascular ED had significantly lower estrogen levels (t=-3.546, P < 0.001), lower testosterone levels (t=-2.089, P=0.037), and a higher rate of hyperglycemia (χ2=12.772, P=0.002) compared with those with non-vascular ED. The patients with arterial ED were older (t=3.953, P < 0.001), had a higher rate of hyperglycemia (χ2=9.518, P=0.009), and a higher estrogen/testosterone ratio (t=2.330, P=0.020) compared with those with non-arterial ED. The patients with mixed arteriovenous ED had higher age (t=3.567, P < 0.001), lower testosterone levels (t=-2.288, P=0.022), a higher rate of hyperglycemia (χ2=12.877, P=0.002), and a larger estrogen/testosterone ratio (t=2.096, P=0.037) compared with those with normal findings. Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of estrogen were a protective factor for vascular ED (OR=1.009, 95%CI: 1.004-1.014), and glucose≥7.0 mmol/L was a risk factor (OR=0.381, 95%CI: 0.219-0.661). Older age was a risk factor for arterial ED (OR=0.960, 95%CI: 0.938-0.982). Additionally, older age (OR=0.976, 95%CI: 0.958-0.993) and glucose levels of 5.6-6.9 mmol/L (OR=0.591, 95%CI: 0.399-0.876) were also risk factors for mixed arterio-venous ED. CONCLUSION: Hyperglycemia and aging may impair penile cavernous body vascular function, while higher levels of estrogen may have a protective effect on it.

Asunto(s)

Disfunción Eréctil , Pene , Testosterona , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Pene/irrigación sanguínea , Testosterona/sangre , Disfunción Eréctil/fisiopatología , Ultrasonografía Doppler en Color , Estrógenos/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Edad , Adulto

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is characterized by an estrogen deficiency which in turn can cause vascular dysfunction. The aim of this study is to evaluate any changes in the chorio-retinal circulation in patients affected by FHA. 24 patients with FHA and 24 age-matched controls underwent a gynecological evaluation and an OCT angiography (OCTA) to study chorio-retinal vascularization. RESULTS: OCTA in FHA patients showed an increase in vessel density in the choriocapillaris (CC) layer (both in the fovea area, at 5% p value = 0.037 and in the whole area, at 5% p value = 0.028) and an increase in vascular density in the deep fovea (DVP) (at 10% p value = 0.096) in the whole district compared to controls. Simple linear regressions show a significant negative association between CC vessel density and insulin (p = 0.0002) and glucose values (p = 0.0335) for the fovea district and a negative association between DVP vessel density and endometrial thickness (at 10%, p value: 0.095) in the whole district. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that CC vessel density is increased in women affected by FHA. This could represent a compensation effort to supply the vascular dysfunction caused by estrogen deficiency. We also found an increasing trend in vascular density in DVP associated with the decrease of endometrial thickness, an indirect sign of estrogenization. Considering that these changes occur in absence of visual defects, they could be used as a biomarker to estimate hypoestrogenism-induced microcirculation changes before clinical appearance.

Asunto(s)

Amenorrea , Coroides , Vasos Retinianos , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , Amenorrea/fisiopatología , Amenorrea/etiología , Vasos Retinianos/diagnóstico por imagen , Coroides/irrigación sanguínea , Coroides/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Adulto Joven , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estrógenos/deficiencia , Estrógenos/sangre , Enfermedades Hipotalámicas/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Hipotalámicas/complicaciones , Densidad Microvascular

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: This cross-sectional observational study examined associations among symptom burden, lifetime duration of estrogen exposure, and serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels among women living with HIV (n = 98) using bivariate bias-corrected Pearson correlations and multiple correspondence analyses. The mostly Black (85.6%) sample of women, with a mean age of 50 years (SD 12.6 years), exhibited no significant reproductive history factors and symptom burden interrelationships or significant associations between lifetime duration of estrogen exposure and symptoms. Predictably, serum AMH levels were lower among older women; however, less predictable were its significant relationships with months living with HIV (r = -0.362), months on ART (r = -0.270), and CD4+ T-cell nadir (r = 0.347). Symptom-symptom relationships support a fatigue, pain, sleep, anxiety, and depression symptom cluster. The hypotheses were not supported by cross-sectional observation. Further studies should explore variation in relationships between HIV, estrogen exposure, ovarian reserve, and AMH levels over time.

Asunto(s)

Hormona Antimülleriana , Estrógenos , Infecciones por VIH , Reserva Ovárica , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hormona Antimülleriana/sangre , Adulto , Estrógenos/sangre , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Fatiga , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To look into the effects of different anesthesia methods on the labor process and the expression of serum estrogen and progesterone in primiparas with painless labor. METHODS: 60 primiparas receiving painless labor were selected as the research objects, and they were divided into either a Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group (n = 30) or a continuous epidural anesthesia group (n = 30), anesthesia is administered using the corresponding anesthesia method. The authors compared serum estrogen and progesterone, inflammatory index expression, pain degree and neonatal health status in different periods. RESULTS: At T2 and T3, serum P, LH, FSH and E2 levels in the Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group were signally lower than those in the Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group (p < 0.05). Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group harbored faster onset and longer duration of sensory block and motor block than the Continuous epidural anesthesia group (p < 0.05). SAS and SDS scores of the Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group were clearly lower than those of the Continuous epidural anesthesia group (p < 0.05). VAS score and serum TNF-α, IL-6 levels of pregnant women in the Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group were memorably lower than those in the Continuous epidural anesthesia group at T2 and T3 (p < 0.05). The total incidence of postoperative complications in the Spinal & Continuous epidural anesthesia group was distinctively lower than that in the Continuous epidural anesthesia group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Spinal anesthesia combined with continuous epidural anesthesia has a better anesthesia effect in the painless labor of primiparas, which can effectually ameliorate the labor process and the expression of serum estrogen and progesterone.

Asunto(s)

Anestesia Epidural , Estrógenos , Periodo Posparto , Progesterona , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Progesterona/sangre , Anestesia Epidural/métodos , Adulto , Estrógenos/sangre , Periodo Posparto/sangre , Trabajo de Parto/sangre , Anestesia Raquidea/métodos , Anestesia Obstétrica/métodos , Adulto Joven , Factores de Tiempo , Dimensión del Dolor , Paridad , Interleucina-6/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Certain antipsychotics elevate prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), potentially affecting cognition, symptoms, and hormone levels. This study examines the association between prolactin, testosterone, and estrogen and cognition and symptoms in men with SSD, considering antipsychotic medication. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 128 men with SSD and 44 healthy men from two trials. Patients were divided into a prolactin-sparing (n = 53) and prolactin-raising group (n = 75) based on antipsychotic medication. We examined the association between hormones (testosterone, estrogen and prolactin), and cognition and symptoms using backward linear regression. Three domains of cognition were assessed including: processing speed, verbal fluency, and working memory, while symptoms were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: Prolactin levels were highest in the prolactin-raising group, followed by the control group, and lowest in the prolactin-sparing group (H = 45.279, p < .001). Testosterone and estrogen levels did not differ significantly between groups. In the prolactin-raising group, prolactin negatively correlated with testosterone (r(73) = -0.32, p = .005). Higher testosterone predicted better cognitive functioning (working memory: ß = 0.20, p = .007, verbal fluency: ß = 0.30, p = .001) and lower symptom scores (total: ß = -0.21, p = .001; negative: ß = -0.24, p = .002) in men with SSD. Conversely, higher estrogen levels related to slower processing speed (ß = -0.22, p < .001) and higher symptoms scores (ß = 0.23, p = .010) in men with SSD. CONCLUSION: The results suggest positive associations between testosterone and cognition and symptoms in men with SSD, while suggesting that high prolactin levels could relate to lower testosterone levels, possibly worsening cognition and symptoms in men with SSD.

Asunto(s)

Antipsicóticos , Estrógenos , Prolactina , Esquizofrenia , Testosterona , Humanos , Masculino , Prolactina/sangre , Testosterona/sangre , Adulto , Esquizofrenia/sangre , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia/complicaciones , Estudios Transversales , Estrógenos/sangre , Estrógenos/farmacología , Antipsicóticos/farmacología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Cognición/fisiología , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Memoria a Corto Plazo/fisiología , Memoria a Corto Plazo/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos Psicóticos/sangre , Trastornos Psicóticos/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Psicóticos/fisiopatología , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The sex steroid hormones fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, which affects the strength and postural stability of females and leads to injuries and risk of falls. These hormones may be modulated by exercise to impact the overall health of females. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of exercise on sex steroid hormones in eumenorrheic females. METHODS: This review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) guidelines in Lahore, Pakistan. The full-length articles were searched using these databases/search engines (PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, Sci-Hub). Randomized controlled trials along with single group experimental studies were also included. All types of exercises were compared with no exercise in the control group. The Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool assessed and screened the articles. The data were then analyzed. The primary outcomes were the levels of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included (5 randomized controlled trials and 6 quasi-experimental studies). The effects of exercise on free estradiol concentration and serum progesterone level were not significant [p = 0.37 (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.74, I2 = 0%) and p = 0.84 (S.D= -0.65, C.I= -6.92 to 5.62, I2 = 94%)] respectively, whereas, the effects on testosterone levels were significant [p value < 0.00001 (M.D = 0.89, 95% C.I= -2.16 to 3.95, I2 = 94%)]. CONCLUSION: A blinded randomized controlled trial should be conducted in which a structured approach should be followed by women along with warm-ups, cool down and rest intervals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The systematic review was registered prospectively on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42023473767.

Asunto(s)

Estrógenos , Ejercicio Físico , Progesterona , Testosterona , Humanos , Femenino , Progesterona/sangre , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Testosterona/sangre , Estrógenos/sangre , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/sangre , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Estradiol/sangre

RESUMEN

We examined performance across one menstrual cycle (MC) and 3 weeks of hormonal contraceptives (HC) use to identify whether known fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone/progestin are associated with functional performance changes. National Rugby League Indigenous Women's Academy athletes [n = 11 naturally menstruating (NM), n = 13 using HC] completed performance tests [countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), isometric mid-thigh pull, 20 m sprint, power pass and Stroop test] during three phases of a MC or three weeks of HC usage, confirmed through ovulation tests alongside serum estrogen and progesterone concentrations. MC phase or HC use did not influence jump height, peak force, sprint time, distance thrown or Stroop effect. However, there were small variations in kinetic and kinematic CMJ/SJ outputs. NM athletes produced greater mean concentric power in MC phase four than one [+0.41 W·kg-1 (+16.8%), p = 0.021] during the CMJ, alongside greater impulse at 50 ms at phase one than four [+1.7 N·s (+4.7%), p = 0.031] during the SJ, without differences between tests for HC users. Among NM athletes, estradiol negatively correlated with mean velocity and power (r = -0.44 to -0.50, p < 0.047), progesterone positively correlated with contraction time (r = 0.45, p = 0.045), and both negatively correlated with the rate of force development and impulse (r = -0.45 to -0.64, p < 0.043) during the SJ. During the CMJ, estradiol positively correlated to 200 ms impulse (r = 0.45, p = 0.049) and progesterone to mean power (r = 0.51, p = 0.021). Evidence of changes in testing performance across a MC, or during active HC use, is insufficient to justify "phase-based testing"; however, kinetic or kinematic outputs may be altered in NM athletes.

Asunto(s)

Rendimiento Atlético , Fútbol Americano , Ciclo Menstrual , Progesterona , Humanos , Femenino , Ciclo Menstrual/fisiología , Ciclo Menstrual/efectos de los fármacos , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Progesterona/sangre , Adulto Joven , Fútbol Americano/fisiología , Estradiol/sangre , Adulto , Atletas , Anticonceptivos Hormonales Orales/administración & dosificación , Anticonceptivos Hormonales Orales/farmacología , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Estrógenos/sangre , Estrógenos/administración & dosificación , Prueba de Esfuerzo

RESUMEN

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are malignant neoplasms that can be associated with specific hormonal syndromes. We describe a novel syndrome of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding and ovarian estradiol overproduction due to ovarian NET localizations. An extensive workup was performed for 2 index patients with ovarian metastases of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors and symptoms of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Clinically significant ovarian estrogen production was demonstrated by a combination of ovarian vein sampling and normalization of circulating estrogen levels after oophorectomy. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed marked aromatase immunoactivity in the ovarian NET cells, while CYP17A1 and SF-1 were detected in the adjacent ovarian stromal cells but not the NET cells. Ex vivo and in vivo endocrine tests were unable to identify a paracrine mechanism of ovarian estradiol overproduction by NET cells. A retrospective search of electronic medical records revealed that 21% (14/66) of postmenopausal patients with an ovarian NET localization reported symptoms of vaginal blood loss. Together, these findings support the presence of a novel NET-associated hormonal syndrome.

Asunto(s)

Estrógenos , Tumores Neuroendocrinos , Neoplasias Ováricas , Posmenopausia , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Posmenopausia/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/patología , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/metabolismo , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/secundario , Estrógenos/metabolismo , Estrógenos/sangre , Estradiol/sangre , Anciano , Hemorragia Uterina , Estudios Retrospectivos , Ovario/metabolismo , Ovario/patología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Estrogens may protect the gut barrier and reduce microbial translocation and immune activation, which are prevalent in HIV infection. We investigated relationships of the menopausal transition and estrogens with gut barrier, microbial translocation, and immune activation biomarkers in women with and without HIV. DESIGN: Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies nested in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: Intestinal fatty acid binding protein, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels were measured in serum from 77 women (43 with HIV) before, during, and after the menopausal transition (∼6 measures per woman over ∼13 years). A separate cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 72 postmenopausal women with HIV with these biomarkers and serum estrogens. RESULTS: Women in the longitudinal analysis were a median age of 43 years at baseline. In piecewise, linear, mixed-effects models with cutpoints 2 years before and after the final menstrual period to delineate the menopausal transition, sCD14 levels increased over time during the menopausal transition (Beta [95% CI]: 38 [12 to 64] ng/mL/yr, P = 0.004), followed by a decrease posttransition (-46 [-75 to -18], P = 0.001), with the piecewise model providing a better fit than a linear model (P = 0.0006). In stratified analyses, these results were only apparent in women with HIV. In cross-sectional analyses, among women with HIV, free estradiol inversely correlated with sCD14 levels (r = -0.26, P = 0.03). Lipopolysaccharide binding protein and intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels did not appear related to the menopausal transition and estrogen levels. CONCLUSIONS: Women with HIV may experience heightened innate immune activation during menopause, possibly related to the depletion of estrogens.

Asunto(s)

Traslocación Bacteriana , Biomarcadores , Estrógenos , Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos , Infecciones por VIH , Receptores de Lipopolisacáridos , Menopausia , Humanos , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/inmunología , Infecciones por VIH/sangre , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Receptores de Lipopolisacáridos/sangre , Menopausia/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Longitudinales , Estrógenos/sangre , Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos/sangre , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/sangre , Proteínas de Fase Aguda , Proteínas Portadoras

RESUMEN

The cervix is an important organ that has to dilate sufficiently at delivery to allow the foetus to transition to extrauterine life. Insufficient dilatation of the cervix (IDC) is a frequent cause of dystocia in cattle. The mechanisms underlying cervical opening and the pathogenesis of IDC are still widely unclear. Systematic studies on the relationship between IDC and steroid hormones have been limited and have yielded inconsistent findings. This study aimed to measure oestrogen and progesterone (P4) concentrations in intrapartum cows presented with dystocia due to IDC and in a comparison (C) group of cows with eutocic delivery. Before any obstetrical procedures, and right after the initial evaluation, blood samples were taken from IDC and C animals. Concentrations of P4, oestradiol-17ß (E2), free total oestrogens (FTE) and conjugated total oestrogens (CTE) were measured by established radioimmunoassays. Concentrations of P4 (p = .538), FTE (p = .065) and CTE (p = .605) were not statistically different between C and IDC groups. However, E2 levels in group C were significantly lower when compared to those in the IDC group (p = .013), which is inconsistent with the function of oestrogens in cervical dilatation. The correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between the pairs P4 versus FTE, P4 versus E2 and FTE versus E2 in group C and between the pair FTE versus E2 in group IDC. In conclusion, the results suggest that local activities of steroids relevant to the aetiology of IDC are not reflected by concentrations in the systemic circulation or that other factors are clearly more important.

Asunto(s)

Cuello del Útero , Estrógenos , Progesterona , Animales , Femenino , Bovinos , Progesterona/sangre , Embarazo , Estrógenos/sangre , Distocia/veterinaria , Estradiol/sangre , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/sangre

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Hysterectomy is associated with subsequent changes in circulating hormone levels, but the evidence of an association for tubal ligation is unclear. We evaluated whether circulating concentrations of androgens and estrogens differ by tubal ligation or hysterectomy status in postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI)-Observational Study (OS). METHODS: Serum androgens and estrogens were measured in 920 postmenopausal women who did not use menopausal hormone therapy at the time of blood draw, of whom 139 self-reported a history of tubal ligation and 102 reported hysterectomy (with intact ovaries). Geometric mean hormone concentrations (GMs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with a history of tubal ligation or hysterectomy (ever/never), as well as time since procedures, were estimated using adjusted linear regression with inverse probability of sampling weights to account for selection. RESULTS: Circulating levels of 12 androgen/androgen metabolites and 20 estrogen/estrogen metabolites did not differ by tubal ligation status. Among women reporting prior hysterectomy compared to women without hysterectomy, we observed lower levels of several androgens (e.g., testosterone (nmol/L): GMyes 0.46 [95% CI:0.37-0.57] vs. GMno 0.62 [95% CI:0.53-0.72]) and higher levels of estrogen metabolites, for example, 2-hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether (GMyes 11.1 [95% CI:8.95-13.9] pmol/L vs. GMno 8.70 [95% CI:7.38-10.3]) and 4-methoxyestrone (GMyes 6.50 [95% CI:5.05-8.37] vs. GMno 4.92 [95% CI:4.00-6.05]). CONCLUSION: While we did not observe associations between prior tubal ligation and postmenopausal circulating hormone levels, our findings support that prior hysterectomy was associated with lower circulating testosterone levels and higher levels of some estrogen metabolites, which may have implications for future hormone-related disease risks.

Asunto(s)

Andrógenos , Estrógenos , Histerectomía , Posmenopausia , Esterilización Tubaria , Humanos , Femenino , Histerectomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Posmenopausia/sangre , Esterilización Tubaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Andrógenos/sangre , Anciano , Estrógenos/sangre , Salud de la Mujer

RESUMEN

Background and Objectives: The hormonal state of hypoestrogenism is associated with the accumulation of white adipose tissue, which can induce an increase in pro-inflammatory markers, leading to progressive health complications. Melatonin can act on adipose tissue mass, promoting its reduction and influencing inflammation, reducing IL-6 and releasing IL-10, pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, respectively. However, the role of melatonin regarding such parameters under the context of hypoestrogenism remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 12 weeks of hypoestrogenism and melatonin on white adipose tissue mass and circulating levels of IL-6, IL-10, TGF-ß-1, and leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Materials and Methods: The animals (Wistar rats with sixteen weeks of age at the beginning of the experiment) under hypoestrogenism were submitted to the surgical technique of bilateral ovariectomy. The animals received melatonin (10 mg·kg-1) or vehicles by orogastric gavage every day for 12 weeks and administration occurred systematically 1 h after the beginning of the dark period. White adipose tissue (perigonadal, peritoneal, and subcutaneous) was collected for mass recording, while blood was collected for the serum determination of IL-6, IL-10, TGF-ß-1, and LTC4. Results: Hypoestrogenism increased the perigonadal and subcutaneous mass and IL-6 levels. Melatonin kept hypoestrogenic animals in physiological conditions similar to the control group and increased thymus tissue mass. Conclusions: Hypoestrogenism appears to have a negative impact on white adipose tissue mass and IL-6 and although melatonin commonly exerts a significant effect in preventing these changes, this study did not have a sufficiently negative impact caused by hypoestrogenism for melatonin to promote certain benefits.

Asunto(s)

Interleucina-6 , Melatonina , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Melatonina/análisis , Melatonina/sangre , Ratas , Femenino , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-6/análisis , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/análisis , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Interleucina-10/sangre , Ovariectomía , Inflamación , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/sangre , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/análisis , Estrógenos/sangre , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There is insufficient research on how gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) affects body fat modifications in transwomen from China. It is unclear whether hormone therapy affects the prevalence of obesity and blood lipid levels within this population. The current research aimed to assess how GAHT and treatment duration had an impact on the change in and redistribution of body fat in Chinese transwomen. METHODS: This study included 40 transwomen who had not received GAHT and 59 who had. Body fat, blood lipid, and blood glucose levels were measured. GAHT is mainly a pharmacologic (estrogen and anti-androgen) treatment. The study also stratified participants based on the duration of GAHT to assess its impact on body fat distribution. The duration of GAHT was within one year, one to two years, two to three years, or more than three years. RESULTS: After receiving GAHT, total body fat increased by 19.65%, and the percentage of body fat increased by 17.63%. The arm, corrected leg, and leg regions showed significant increases in fat content (+ 24.02%, + 50.69%, and + 41.47%, respectively) and percentage (+ 25.19%, + 34.90%, and + 30.39%, respectively). The total visceral fat content decreased (-37.49%). Based on the diagnostic standards for a body mass index ≥ 28 or total body fat percentage ≥ 25% or 30%, the chance of developing obesity did not change significantly. Blood glucose levels significantly increased (+ 12.31%). Total cholesterol levels (-10.45%) decreased significantly. Fat changes in those who received GAHT for one to two years were significantly different from those who did not receive GAHT. CONCLUSION: After receiving GAHT, total body fat and regional fat increased in Chinese transwomen, and the body fat distribution changed from masculine to feminine, especially during the first two years. However, neither the increase in total body fat percentage nor the decrease in visceral fat content didn't bring about significant changes in the incidence of obesity, nor did triglycerides or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

Asunto(s)

Personas Transgénero , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Pueblo Asiatico , Glucemia/metabolismo , Distribución de la Grasa Corporal , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , China/epidemiología , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Estrógenos/sangre , Grasa Intraabdominal/efectos de los fármacos , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Obesidad/sangre , Estudios Retrospectivos , Procedimientos de Reasignación de Sexo , Transexualidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Transexualidad/sangre

RESUMEN

The abnormal estrogens levels in human body can cause many side effects and diseases, but the quantitative detection of the trace estrogens in complex biological samples still remains great challenge. Here we reported the fabrication of a novel core-shell structured magnetic cyclodextrin microporous organic network (Fe3O4@CD-MON) for rapid magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of four estrogens in human serum and urine samples prior to HPLC-UV determination. The uniform spherical core-shell Fe3O4@CD-MONs was successfully regulated by altering the reactive monomers and solvents. The Fe3O4@CD-MONs owned high specific surface area, good hydrophobicity, large superparamagnetism, and abundant extraction sites for estrogens. Under optimal conditions, the proposed MSPE-HPLC-UV method provided wide linearity range (2.0-400 µg L-1), low limits of detection (0.5-1.0 µg L-1), large enrichment factors (183-198), less adsorbent consumption (3 mg), short extraction time (3 min), and good stability and reusability (at least 8 cycles). The established method had also been successfully applied to the enrichment and detection of four estrogens in serum and urine samples with a recovery of 88.4-105.1 % and a relative standard deviation of 1.0-5.9 %. This work confirmed the feasibility of solvent and monomer regulation synthesis of Fe3O4@CD-MON composites, and revealed the great prospects of magnetic CD-MONs for efficient enrichment of trace estrogens in complex biological samples.

Asunto(s)

Estrógenos , Límite de Detección , Extracción en Fase Sólida , beta-Ciclodextrinas , Humanos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Estrógenos/orina , Estrógenos/sangre , Estrógenos/aislamiento & purificación , Estrógenos/análisis , Estrógenos/química , Extracción en Fase Sólida/métodos , beta-Ciclodextrinas/química , Solventes/química , Porosidad , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , Adsorción

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Vaginal oestrogens can be used to treat genitourinary symptoms in women with early breast cancer. Studies evaluating vaginal oestrogens have commonly measured serum oestrogen levels as a surrogate marker of safety, but methods vary. We sought to summarise the data on serum oestrogen measurement in women with breast cancer using vaginal oestrogens to better understand the methods, levels and reliability. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, SCOPUS and CINAHL from inception to October 2023 for clinical studies where serum oestrogen was measured in women with a history of early breast cancer using vaginal oestrogens. Studies with a reported testing methodology were included. RESULTS: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Methods used to measure oestradiol and oestriol in selected studies included mass spectrometry and immunoassays; several studies used more than one with variable concordance. Mass spectrometry detected oestradiol levels down to a lower limit between 1.0 pg/mL and 3.0 pg/mL. Immunoassays such as ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), ECLIA (enhanced chemiluminiscence immunoassay) and RIA (radioimmunoassay) had lower detection limits ranging between 0.8 pg/mL and 10 pg/mL. Studies were heterogeneous in testing techniques used, timing of testing, and the population including with subsequent varying results in the effect on oestrogens reported. CONCLUSIONS: Adopting consistent and standardised methods of measuring oestrogens in clinical trials involving women with early breast cancer on vaginal oestrogens is critical. Serum oestrogens are used as a surrogate marker of safety in this population, and good-quality data are necessary to enable clinicians and patients to feel confident in prescribing and taking vaginal oestrogens. Mass spectrometry, although more expensive, gives more reliable results when dealing with very low levels of oestrogens often found in women on aromatase inhibitors, compared to immunoassays.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias de la Mama , Supervivientes de Cáncer , Estrógenos , Femenino , Humanos , Administración Intravaginal , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Estradiol/sangre , Estriol/sangre , Estrógenos/sangre , Vagina