RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI) after self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve implant (TAVI) were described. Is unknown if PPMI predictors remain in the era of high implants using the cusp overlap (COP). METHODS: Single-center, prospective, consecutive case series of patients undergoing self-expanding TAVI with the COP approach. The status of PPMI and other clinical events were ascertained at 30 days. RESULTS: A total of 261 patients were included (84% with Evolut, n = 219). Implant depth >4 mm was infrequent (13.8%). TAVI depth (OR 1.259; p = 0.005), first or second-degree auriculo-ventricular block (OR 3.406; p = 0.033), right-bundle (OR 15.477; p < 0.0001), and incomplete left-bundle branch block (OR 7.964; p = 0.036) were found to be independent predictors of PPMI. The risk of PPMI with deep implant and no electrical disturbances was 3%, and 0% with high implant and no prior electrical disturbances. Those who received PPMI had no statistically significant increased risk of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, bleeding events, or vascular complications at 30 days, but longer hospital stay (mean difference 1.43 days more, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Implant depth and prior conduction abnormalities remain the main predictors of PPMI using self-expanding TAVI in the COP era. Patients with high implants and no prior conduction abnormalities may be candidates for early discharge after uneventful self-expanding TAVI, while the rest may need inpatient monitoring regardless of achieving a high implant. The need for PPMI was associated with longer hospital stays.
Asunto(s)
Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica , Válvula Aórtica , Estimulación Cardíaca Artificial , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Marcapaso Artificial , Diseño de Prótesis , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Prospectivos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Factores de Riesgo , Anciano , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/fisiopatología , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Válvula Aórtica/fisiopatología , Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/efectos adversos , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/instrumentación , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/mortalidad , Factores de Tiempo , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare hemodynamic performances and clinical outcomes of patients with small aortic annulus (SAA) who underwent aortic valve replacement by means of sutureless aortic valve replacement (SUAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). METHODS: From 2015 to 2020, 622 consecutive patients with SAA underwent either SUAVR or TAVI. Through a 1:1 propensity score matching analysis, two homogeneous groups of 146 patients were formed. Primary endpoint: all cause-death at 36 months. Secondary endpoints: incidence of moderate to severe patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). RESULTS: All-cause death at three years was higher in the TAVI group (SUAVR 12.2% vs. TAVI 21.0%, P=0.058). Perioperatively, comparable hemodynamic performances were recorded in terms of indexed effective orifice area (SUAVR 1.12 ± 0.23 cm2/m2 vs. TAVI 1.17 ± 0.28 cm2/m2, P=0.265), mean transvalvular gradients (SUAVR 12.9 ± 5.3 mmHg vs. TAVI 12.2 ± 6.2 mmHg, P=0.332), and moderate-to-severe PPM (SUAVR 4.1% vs. TAVI 8.9%, P=0.096). TAVI group showed a higher cumulative incidence of MACCEs at 36 months (SUAVR 18.1% vs. TAVI 32.6%, P<0.001). Pacemaker implantation (PMI) and perivalvular leak ≥ 2 were significantly higher in TAVI group and identified as independent predictors of mortality (PMI: hazard ratio [HR] 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-6.94, P=0.008; PPM: HR 2.72, 95% CI 1.25-5.94, P=0.012). CONCLUSION: In patients with SAA, SUAVR and TAVI showed comparable hemodynamic performances. Moreover, all-cause death and incidence of MACCEs at follow-up were significantly higher in TAVI group.
Asunto(s)
Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica , Válvula Aórtica , Hemodinámica , Puntaje de Propensión , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Humanos , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/métodos , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/mortalidad , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/efectos adversos , Masculino , Femenino , Hemodinámica/fisiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos sin Sutura/métodos , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas/métodos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients undergoing cardiac transcatheter or surgical interventions usually is correlated with poor outcomes. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been developed as a therapy choice for inoperable, high-, or intermediate-risk surgical patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of DM and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on outcomes and survival after TAVI. METHODS: Five hundred and fifty-two symptomatic severe AS patients who underwent TAVI, of whom 164 (29.7%) had DM, were included in this retrospective study. Follow-up was performed after 30 days, six months, and annually. RESULTS: The device success and risks of procedural-related complications were similar between patients with and without DM, except for acute kidney injury, which was more frequent in the DM group (2.4% vs. 0%, P=0.021). In-hospital and first-year mortality were similar between the groups (4.9% vs. 3.6%, P=0.490 and 15.0% vs. 11.2%, P=0.282, respectively). There was a statistical difference between HbA1c ≥ 6.5 and HbA1c ≤ 6.49 groups in total mortality (34.4% vs. 15.8%, P<0.001, respectively). The only independent predictors were Society of Thoracic Surgeons score (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.51; P=0.003) and HbA1c level ≥ 6.5 (HR 10.78, 95% CI 2.58-21.50; P=0.003) in multivariable logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: In this study, we conclude that DM was not correlated with an increased mortality risk or complication rates after TAVI. Also, it was shown that mortality was higher in patients with HbA1c ≥ 6.5, and it was an independent predictor for long-term mortality.
Asunto(s)
Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica , Diabetes Mellitus , Hemoglobina Glucada , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Humanos , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/mortalidad , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/efectos adversos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anciano , Resultado del Tratamiento , Diabetes Mellitus/mortalidad , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Factores de Riesgo , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Factores de Tiempo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Mortalidad HospitalariaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Robust data on the learning curve (LC) of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are lacking in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: To assess TAVR's LC in Brazil over time. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Brazilian TAVR registry from 2008 to 2023. Patients from each center were numbered chronologically in case sequence numbers (CSNs). LC was performed using restricted cubic splines adjusted for EuroSCORE-II and the use of new-generation prostheses. Also, in-hospital outcomes were compared between groups defined according to the level of experience based on the CSN: 1st to 40th (initial-experience), 41st to 80th (early-experience), 81st to 120th (intermediate-experience), and over 121st (high-experience). Additional analysis was performed grouping hospitals according to the number of cases treated before 2014 (>40 and ≤40 procedures). The level of significance adopted was <0.05. RESULTS: A total of 3,194 patients from 25 centers were included. Mean age and EuroSCORE II were 80.7±8.1 years and 7±7.1, respectively. LC analysis demonstrated a drop in adjusted in-hospital mortality after treating 40 patients. A leveling off of the curve was observed after case #118. In-hospital mortality across the groups was 8.6%, 7.7%, 5.9%, and 3.7% for initial-, early-, intermediate-, and high-experience, respectively (p<0.001). High experience independently predicted lower mortality (OR 0.57, p=0.013 vs. initial experience). Low-volume centers before 2014 showed no significant decrease in the likelihood of death with gained experience, whereas high-volume centers had a continuous improvement after case #10. CONCLUSION: A TAVR LC phenomenon was observed for in-hospital mortality in Brazil. This effect was more pronounced in centers that treated their first 40 cases before 2014 than those that reached this milestone after 2014.
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Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Curva de Aprendizaje , Sistema de Registros , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Humanos , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/mortalidad , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anciano , Factores de Tiempo , Factores de Riesgo , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
Introducción: En nuestro medio, el implante percutáneo de prótesis aórtica (TAVI) se encuentra limitado a pacientes más añosos o de mayor riesgo quirúrgico, en quienes frecuentemente se retarda la intervención hasta que presenten signos avanzados de enfermedad. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de compromiso miocárdico en pacientes sometidos a TAVI y determinar si la magnitud de este compromiso predice los resultados alejados del procedimiento. Métodos: Registro de pacientes sometidos a TAVI en 2 instituciones de Chile. Según la clasificación propuesta por Genereux el año 2017, se clasificaron desde el punto de vista ecocardiográfico como: 1) compromiso de ventrículo izquierdo; 2) compromiso de aurícula izquierda; 3) hipertensión pulmonar / insuficiencia tricuspídea significativa y 4) disfunción de ventrículo derecho. Resultados: Se incluyeron 209 pacientes. Se logró un procedimiento exitoso en 98,6%, registrándose una mortalidad intrahospitalaria de 2,9%. El compromiso cardíaco se extendió más allá de las cavidades izquierdas en 24,7% de los casos (estadíos 3 y 4). A una mediana de seguimiento de 650 días se registró una mortalidad de 26,8%. El compromiso de cavidades derechas (estadíos 3 y 4) se asoció a una mayor mortalidad (39,6% vs 22,1%, log rank p=0,015). En análisis multivariado, este compromiso fue el único factor que de forma independiente predijo mortalidad (HR 1,87, IC 1,01-3,44, p=0,044). Conclusiones: El compromiso de cavidades derechas se asocia a una mayor mortalidad alejada en pacientes sometidos a TAVI. Estos resultados debiesen estimular una derivación precoz de estos pacientes que, aunque añosos y de alto riesgo, tienen buenos resultados intervenidos precozmente.
Background: Locally, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is limited to very old or high-risk patients, whose intervention is frequently delayed until they develop signs of advanced disease. Aim: To evaluate the degree of myocardial compromise in patients undergoing TAVI and to determine whether the level of this compromise can predict results during follow-up. Methods: Registry of TAVI patients from 2 institutions in Chile. According to the classification proposed by Genereux in 2017, patients were classified based on the echocardiogram as 1) left ventricular compromise; 2) left atrial compromise; 3) pulmonary hypertension / severe tricuspid regurgitation; 4) right ventricular dysfunction. Results: The study included 209 patients. A successful procedure was achieved in 98.6% of cases, with an in-hospital mortality of 2.9%. Cardiac compromise extended beyond left chambers in 24.7% of cases (stages 3 and 4). During follow-up (median of 650 days) mortality was 26.8%. Right chambers involvement (stages 3 and 4) was associated with increased mortality (39.6% vs 22.1%, log rank p=0.015). In multivariate analysis, this compromise was the only factor that independently predicted mortality (HR 1.87, IC 1.01-3.44, p=0,044). Conclusions: Right chambers involvement was associated to increased mortality during follow-up of patients undergoing TAVI. These results should stimulate earlier referral of these high risk and older patients in order to obtain better results following the intervention.
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Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/efectos adversos , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/clasificación , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Ecocardiografía , Análisis de Supervivencia , Análisis Multivariante , Estudios de Seguimiento , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Predicción , Miocardio/patologíaAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Válvula Aórtica/anatomía & histología , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/clasificación , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/fisiopatología , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Pronóstico , Ecocardiografía Doppler/métodos , Ecocardiografía Doppler de Pulso/métodos , Enfermedades de las Válvulas CardíacasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammation biomarker that can be a predictor of adverse events in cardiovascular procedures. Its use in the assessment of long-term prognosis of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is still incipient. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate CRP as a prognostic marker in the first year after TAVI in aortic stenosis (AoS). METHODS: CRP was assessed on the first postoperative week in a retrospective cohort of patients with AoS. Pre- and post- CRP levels were correlated with mortality, and predictors of 1-year mortality were investigated. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to identify independent factors of 1-year mortality. RESULTS: This study evaluated 130 patients who underwent TAVI, with median age of 83 years, and 49% of women. High pre-TAVI CRP (> 0.5 mg/dL) was observed in 34.5% of the cases. Peak CRP was 7.0 (5.3-12.1) mg/dL no quarto dia. The rate of 1-year mortality was 14.5% (n = 19), being greater in the groups with high pre-TAVI CRP (68.8% vs 29.1%; p = 0,004) and with peak CRP ≥ 10.0 mg/dL (64.7% vs 30.8%; p = 0,009). Independent predictors of mortality were acute renal failure (ARF) (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.43; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 2.1-24.7; p = 0,001), high pre-TAVI CRP (HR 4.15; 95%CI, 1.3-12.9; p = 0.01), and large blood transfusion [HR 4,68; 1,3-16,7; p = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS: High pre-TAVI CRP showed to be an independent predictor of 1-year mortality, as well as the presence of ARF and large blood transfusions.
FUNDAMENTO: A proteína C-reativa (PCR) é um biomarcador de inflamação preditor de eventos adversos em procedimentos cardiovasculares. Na avaliação do implante da válvula aórtica transcateter (transcatheter aortic valve implantation, TAVI) em relação ao prognóstico de longo prazo ainda é incipiente. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a PCR como marcador prognóstico no primeiro ano pós-TAVI na estenose aórtica (EAo). MÉTODOS: A PCR foi avaliada na primeira semana do peroperatório numa coorte de casos retrospectiva com EAo. Correlacionou-se a PCR pré- e pós-TAVI com a mortalidade e foram pesquisados fatores preditores de mortalidade em 1 ano. Realizada regressão de Cox multivariada para identificar os preditores independentes de óbito em 1 ano. RESULTADOS: Estudados 130 pacientes submetidos a TAVI, com mediana de idade de 83 anos, sendo 49% deles do sexo feminino. A PCR pré-TAVI elevada (> 0,5 mg/dL) ocorreu em 34,5% dos casos. O pico de PCR foi 7,0 (5,3-12,1) mg/dL no quarto dia. A mortalidade em 1 ano foi 14,5% (n = 19), sendo maior nos grupos com PCR pré-TAVI elevada (68,8% vs 29,1%; p = 0,004) e pico de PCR ≥ 10,0 mg/dL (64,7% vs 30,8%; p = 0,009). Os fatores preditores independentes de mortalidade foram insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) [razão de risco (RR) = 7,43; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), 2,1-24,7; p = 0,001], PCR pré-TAVI elevada [RR = 4,15; IC95%, 1,3-12,9; p=0,01] e hemotransfusão volumosa [HR = 4,68; 1,3-16,7; p = 0,02]. CONCLUSÕES: A PCR pré-TAVI elevada mostrou-se fator preditor independente de mortalidade no primeiro ano, assim como a ocorrência de IRA e hemotransfusões volumosas.
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Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The treatment for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) is the correction of valve stenosis by surgical valve replacement and more recently by transcatheter aortic valve implant (TAVI). However, in some high risk surgical patients, TAVI is not possible for technical or clinical reasons or due to the unavailability of the endoprosthesis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate a mid-term follow-up of symptomatic severe AS patients who are not eligible for TAVI trials, as well as to identify the clinical features of these patients. METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective study conducted with 475 symptomatic severe AS patients, evaluated by the Heart Team between 2000 and 2017. Inclusion criterias were: patients considered not to be eligible for TAVI. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to evaluate normality. Non-paired t and Mann-Whitney tests were applied for continuous variables, while the chi-squared and Fischer exact tests were applied for categorical variables, with a level of significance of p<0,05. RESULTS: The heart team evaluated 475 patients: 25 (5.26%) died before any intervention could be proposed; 326 (68.3%) were submitted to TAVI, so the study population consisted of 124 patients not eligible for TAVI. Of these, 31 (25%) underwent surgery and 93 (75%) remained in clinical treatment. In a mean 56 months- follow-up the mortality in clinical group was 46.2%. In the surgical group the mortality was 23.9% (in-hospital 12.9% and late mortality 11% in a mean 47.4 months follow-up). The patients that died presented a significantly lower left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), a smaller valve area, and a larger end-systolic diameter of the LV. CONCLUSION: The mortality of the clinical group's patients was significantly higher than the surgical mortality (46.2% vs. 12.9%; p=0.021). The patients of the clinical group were older, weighed less, and had a higher incidence of renal failure and a higher STS score.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/métodos , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/terapia , Estudios RetrospectivosAsunto(s)
Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Calcinosis/mortalidad , Calcinosis/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/métodos , Factores de Tiempo , Brasil/epidemiología , Calcinosis/cirugía , Calcinosis/mortalidad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por SexoRESUMEN
Resumen: Introducción: La desproporción prótesis-paciente (DPP) tras cirugía valvular ocurre cuando el área efectiva de orificio protésico (AEO) es fisiológicamente demasiado pequeño en relación con el tamaño del paciente, lo que resulta en gradientes postoperatorios elevados. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se analizaron pacientes con estenosis aórtica sometidos a reemplazo de válvula aórtica durante el año 2010. Se calculó AEO/ASC postoperatorio, si AEO/ASC fue menor de 0,85 cm2/ m2 el paciente fue clasificado como desproporción prótesis-paciente. Los eventos clínicos analizados fueron: mortalidad por cualquier causa, recambio valvular, internación por insuficiencia cardiaca y la capacidad funcional al momento de la encuesta. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas para analizar las características de la población. Las variables categóricas se expresaron en porcentaje y las variables continuas en promedio y desviación estándar. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software IBM® SPSS® 19. Resultados: Se analizaron 26 pacientes sometidos a reemplazo de válvula aórtica con un seguimiento a 6 años, 13 de ellos presentaron DPP y mayor porcentaje de disnea, internación por insuficiencia cardiaca y muerte por cualquier causa. La combinación de eventos clínicos en este grupo de pacientes fue del 53,9%. Conclusión: Se observó un mayor número de eventos cardiovasculares en aquellos pacientes que con des- proporción prótesis-paciente.
Abstract: Background: Prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after aortic valve replacement is related to inferior long-term outcomes. The study aim was to describe the rate of cardiovascular events in patients with or without PPM. Methods: The study was based on a retrospective analysis of information obtained from the electronic medical record. All patients undergoing aortic valve replacement, with or without revascularization surgery during 2010 were included. The effective orifice area (EOA) of the prothesis was obtained based on prosthetic valve data from echocardiography recommendations, was related to body surface area (BSA). PPM was diagnosed when EOA / BSA was < 0.85 cm2/m2. Clinical results were evaluated in January 2017 through our electronic medical record data base and a telephone interview. Helsinki criteria for clinical research were respected. Results: 26 patients were analyzed (20 males) with mean age 64 (SD 11.5) years old. A mechanical prosthesis was implanted in 10 patients and a biological one in the remaining subjects. 13 patients had DPP (EOA/BSA 0.77 ± 0.06). At a mean follow up period of 2190 days 44% were in functional class (NYHA) II-III, 31% had been re-hospitalized for heart failure and 8% had died from cardiac causes (overall death rate 31%). The combined outcome rate (overall death, hospitalization for heart failure or re-replacement of the valve) was 54%. Among the 13 patients without PPM, 31% were in functional class II-III, there were no hospitalizations for heart failure and only 4 patients had died from cardiac causes. Combined outcome rate was 23%. Conclusions: PPM was a marker of poorer clinical results on a long term follow up of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. Inferential statistical analysis was not performed due to the relatively low number of patients included.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas/efectos adversos , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Diseño de Prótesis , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Ajuste de PrótesisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Nonagenarians are mostly denied from different therapeutic strategies due to high preoperative risk. We present the results of nonagenarians with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). METHODS: Our retrospective analysis include baseline and procedural data along with clinical outcome. Clinical follow-up was performed in all patients after TAVR. RESULTS: Out of 689 patients, 33 nonagenarians with a mean age of 90.9±1.4years suffering from severe AS and elevated comorbidity index (logistic EuroSCORE of 16.3±9.6%, STS score 11.1±9.9%) underwent TAVR between September 2009 and July 2016 using self-expanding prosthesis. Baseline transthoracic echocardiography reported a mean aortic valve area (AVA) of 0.64±0.12cm2 with a mean pressure gradient of 56.1±16.1mmHg. Five (16.2%) patients had postprocedural moderate/severe aortic regurgitation. One patient died intraoperally due to ventricular perforation during predilatation, while two patients died within the first 30days, one due to cardiogenic shock and the other due to pneumonia. No patient experienced a myocardial infarction or a stroke, while ten (30.3%) required permanent pacemaker placement. At follow-up (mean 20.3 months, range 1-78 months), all cause and cardiovascular mortality was 24.2% and 15.1%, respectively. Two patients presented heart failure and 12 (40%) had exertional dyspnea. By echo, mean valve area was 1.72±0.12cm2 and mean gradient 11.2±1.4mmHg. Two patients (16.7%) presented moderate aortic regurgitation. CONCLUSION: Our case series demonstrate that even with elevated comorbidity index, clinical endpoints and valve-associated results are relatively favorable in nonagenarians treated with TAVR.
Asunto(s)
Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Medición de Riesgo , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/métodos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Argentina/epidemiología , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Tasa de Supervivencia/tendencias , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the influence of baseline right bundle branch block (RBBB) on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality as well as sudden cardiac death (SCD) among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). BACKGROUND: Few data exist regarding the late clinical impact of pre-existing RBBB in TAVR recipients. METHODS: A total of 3,527 patients (mean age 82 ± 8 years, 50.1% men) were evaluated according to the presence of RBBB on baseline electrocardiography. Intraventricular conduction abnormalities were classified according to the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology Foundation, and Heart Rhythm Society recommendations for standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram. TAVR complications and causes of death were defined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 definitions. RESULTS: RBBB was present on baseline electrocardiography in 362 patients (10.3%) and associated with higher 30-day rates of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) (40.1% vs. 13.5%; p < 0.001) and death (10.2% vs. 6.9%; p = 0.024). At a mean follow-up of 20 ± 18 months, pre-existing RBBB was independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06 to 1.63; p = 0.014) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.89; p = 0.006) but not with SCD (HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.22 to 2.32; p = 0.57). Patients with pre-existing RBBB and without PPI at discharge from the index hospitalization had the highest 2-year risk for cardiovascular death (27.8%; 95% CI: 20.9% to 36.1%; log-rank p = 0.007). In a subanalysis of 1,245 patients without PPI at discharge from the index hospitalization and with complete follow-up regarding the need for PPI, pre-existing RBBB was independently associated with the composite of SCD and PPI (HR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.16 to 6.17; p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-existing RBBB was found in 10% of TAVR recipients and was associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Patients with baseline RBBB without permanent pacemakers at hospital discharge may be at especially high risk for high-degree atrioventricular block and/or SCD during follow-up. Future studies should evaluate strategies aimed at the early detection of patients at risk for late development of high-degree atrioventricular block.
Asunto(s)
Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Bloqueo de Rama/mortalidad , Muerte Súbita Cardíaca/epidemiología , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/mortalidad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Válvula Aórtica/fisiopatología , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/fisiopatología , Brasil/epidemiología , Bloqueo de Rama/diagnóstico , Bloqueo de Rama/fisiopatología , Canadá/epidemiología , Causas de Muerte , Ecocardiografía , Electrocardiografía , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Análisis Multivariante , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively evaluate and compare utilization, outcomes, and especially costs of transfemoral (TF), transapical (TA), and transaortic (TAO) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). METHODS: All Medicare fee-for-service patients undergoing TF (n = 4065), TA (n = 691), or TAO (n = 274) TAVR between January 1, 2011, and November 30, 2012, were identified using Health Care Procedure Classification Codes present on Medicare claims. Hospital charges from Medicare claims were converted to costs using hospital-specific Medicare cost-to-charge ratios. RESULTS: TA and TAO patients were similar in age, race, and common comorbidities. Compared with TF patients, TA and TAO patients were more likely to be female and to have peripheral vascular disease, chronic lung disease, and renal failure. Thirty-day mortality rates were higher among TA and TAO patients than among TF patients (TA, 9.6%; TAO, 8.0%; TF, 5.0%; P < .001). Adjusted mortality beyond 1 year did not differ by access. TA patients were more likely to require cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Increased adjusted mortality was associated with CPB (hazard ratio, 2.13; P < .01) and increased 30-day cost ($62,000 [interquartile range (IQR)], $45,100-$86,400 versus $48,800 [IQR, $38,100-$62,900]; P < .01). Cost at 30 days was lowest for TF ($48,600) compared with TA ($49,800; P < .01) and TAO ($53,200; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: For patients ineligible to receive TF TAVR, TAO and TA approaches offer similar clinical outcomes at similar cost with acceptable operative and 1-year survival, except for higher rates of CPB use in TA patients. CPB was associated with worse survival and increased costs.
Asunto(s)
Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica , Cateterismo Periférico , Arteria Femoral/cirugía , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aorta/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/economía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Cateterismo Periférico/métodos , Cateterismo Periférico/estadística & datos numéricos , Costos y Análisis de Costo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Medicare/economía , Medicare/estadística & datos numéricos , Evaluación de Procesos y Resultados en Atención de Salud , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Análisis de Supervivencia , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/efectos adversos , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/economía , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/métodos , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/estadística & datos numéricos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is related to increased mortality and treatment related costs. We aimed to evaluate whether echocardiography-derived left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) relates to the occurrence of postoperative LCOS in patients undergoing SAVR. We prospectively enrolled 75 patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >40%, NYHA Class Asunto(s)
Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía
, Válvula Aórtica/cirugía
, Gasto Cardíaco Bajo/diagnóstico por imagen
, Ecocardiografía
, Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas/efectos adversos
, Función Ventricular Izquierda
, Función Ventricular Derecha
, Anciano
, Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen
, Válvula Aórtica/fisiopatología
, Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen
, Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad
, Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/fisiopatología
, Área Bajo la Curva
, Fenómenos Biomecánicos
, Gasto Cardíaco Bajo/etiología
, Gasto Cardíaco Bajo/mortalidad
, Gasto Cardíaco Bajo/fisiopatología
, Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado
, Femenino
, Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas/mortalidad
, Humanos
, Modelos Logísticos
, Masculino
, Persona de Mediana Edad
, Análisis Multivariante
, Variaciones Dependientes del Observador
, Oportunidad Relativa
, Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas
, Estudios Prospectivos
, Curva ROC
, Reproducibilidad de los Resultados
, Medición de Riesgo
, Factores de Riesgo
, Estrés Mecánico
, Factores de Tiempo
, Resultado del Tratamiento
Asunto(s)
Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Miedo , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas , Rol del Médico , Cirujanos/psicología , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Válvula Aórtica/fisiopatología , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/fisiopatología , Competencia Clínica , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas/efectos adversos , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas/mortalidad , Humanos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto/métodos , Proyectos de Investigación , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/efectos adversos , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/mortalidad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Left-sided cardiac obstructions represent 15% of congenital heart disease (CHD). The treatment in adults is surgical; however, balloon dilation by interventional catheterization can alleviate the symptoms in pediatric patients to allow them to reach the target height. The aim was to determine the survival and the factors associated with reintervention in patients with CHD with left-sided obstruction treated with balloon angioplasty. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted in patients aged 4 to 17 years with left-sided heart obstruction (valvular stenosis [VS], supravalvular aortic stenosis [SAS], coarctation of the aorta [CA]) successfully treated with balloon angioplasty. The follow-up was of 10 years and the outcome variable was the restenosis with reintervention criteria. Pediatric stage at the time of the procedure, nutritional status, residual gradient, and presence of genetic syndromes were considered prognostic variables. For statistical analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used. Chi squared was employed in qualitative variables and Kruskal-Wallis in quantitative variables. RESULTS: We had a total of 110 patients: 40% had CA, 35% VS, and 25% SAS. 39% required reintervention: 80% in SAS, 35% in CA, and 14% in VS. CONCLUSION: The intervention balloon is a stopgap measure that allows patients with left-sided obstructions to reach the target height.
Introducción: las obstrucciones izquierdas representan 15% de las cardiopatías congénitas (CC). El tratamiento en la edad adulta es quirúrgico; no obstante, la dilatación con balón puede paliar los síntomas en edad pediátrica para permitir que alcancen la talla diana. El objetivo fue determinar la sobrevida y los factores asociados a la reintervención en enfermos con CC con obstrucción izquierda tratados con plastía con balón. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohorte en pacientes entre 4 y 17 años con cardiopatías de obstrucción izquierda (estenosis valvular, supravalvular y coartación aórtica) tratados con angioplastía con balón exitosa. El seguimiento fue de 10 años y la variable de desenlace fue la reestenosis con criterios para reintervención. Se consideraron variables pronósticas la etapa pediátrica al momento del procedimiento, el estado nutricional, el gradiente residual y la presencia de síndromes genéticos. Se usaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se usó chi cuadrada en variables cualitativas y Kruskal-Wallis en variables cuantitativas. Resultados: fueron 110 pacientes; 40% presentó coartación aórtica, 35% estenosis valvular y 25% estenosis supravalvular aórtica. El 39% requirió reintervención y la frecuencia fue la siguiente: 80% en estenosis supravalvular, 35% en coartación aórtica y 14% en estenosis valvular aórtica. Conclusión: la intervención con balón es una medida paliativa que permite a los enfermos con obstrucciones izquierdas alcanzar la talla diana.
Asunto(s)
Angioplastia de Balón , Coartación Aórtica/terapia , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/terapia , Adolescente , Coartación Aórtica/mortalidad , Estenosis Aórtica Supravalvular/congénito , Estenosis Aórtica Supravalvular/mortalidad , Estenosis Aórtica Supravalvular/terapia , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/congénito , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Recurrencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Background Aortic stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterised by fixed obstruction of the left ventricular outflow. It can be managed by surgical aortic valve replacement (sAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This review aimed to describe the evidence supporting a cardiac rehabilitation programme on functional capacity and quality of life in aortic stenosis patients after sAVR or TAVI. Methods The search was conducted on multiple databases from January to March 2016. All studies were eligible that evaluated the effects of a post-interventional cardiac rehabilitation programme in aortic stenosis patients. The methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Meta-analysis was performed separately by procedure and between procedures. The walked distance during the six-minute walk test (6MWD) and Barthel index were evaluated. The analysis was conducted in Review Manager. Results Five studies were included (292 TAVI and 570 sAVR patients). The meta-analysis showed that a cardiac rehabilitation programme was associated with a significant improvement in 6MWD (0.69 (0.47, 0.91); P < 0.001) and Barthel index (0.80 (0.29, 1.30); P = 0.002) after TAVI and 6MWD (0.79 (0.43, 1.15); P < 0.001) and Barthel index (0.93 (0.67, 1.18); P < 0.001) after sAVR. In addition, the meta-analysis showed that the cardiac rehabilitation programme promoted a similar gain in 6MWD (4.28% (-12.73, 21.29); P = 0.62) and Barthel index (-1.52 points (-4.81, 1.76); P = 0.36) after sAVR or TAVI. Conclusions The cardiac rehabilitation programme improved the functional capacity and quality of life in aortic stenosis patients. Patients who underwent TAVI benefitted with a cardiac rehabilitation programme similar to sAVR patients.
Asunto(s)
Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Rehabilitación Cardiaca/métodos , Tolerancia al Ejercicio/fisiología , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas/métodos , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas/rehabilitación , Calidad de Vida , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Medición de Riesgo , Análisis de Supervivencia , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/métodos , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/rehabilitación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the new transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) device ACURATE neo (ACT) with the already established CoreValve (MCV) and SAPIEN XT (SXT) for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis (AS). BACKGROUND: Very few data on TAVR devices are available beyond MCV and SAPIEN and there is no previous study comparing ACT with MCV and SXT. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral TAVR for the treatment of severe AS. Clinical outcomes were reported following Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 (VARC-2) criteria. RESULTS: A total of 162 patients (ACT n = 49, MCV n = 56, SXT n = 57), were included. MCV group had higher valve embolization/migration rates (ACT none; MCV 9%; SXT 2%; P = 0.034) causing lower device success rates (ACT 98%; MCV 86%; SXT 95%; P = 0.043). At 30 days, there was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (P = 0.22), cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.20), periprocedural myocardial infarction (P = 0.40), stroke (P = 0.64), major vascular complications (P = 0.48), life-threatening bleeding (P = 0.29), acute kidney injury stage 2/3 (P = 0.69), or VARC-2 composite early safety endpoints (P = 0.21). MCV group had higher rates of new permanent pacemaker implantation (ACT 6%; MCV 25%; SXT 11%; P = 0.013). Follow-up echocardiography showed no significant difference in aortic valve mean pressure gradient (P = 0.73) or moderate/severe aortic regurgitation (P = 0.19) between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In a "real world" registry, ACT compared favorably against the well-studied SXT and MCV devices in both safety and efficacy. MCV implantation was associated with lower device success rates and higher rates of new permanent pacemaker implantation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.