RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Navigated augmented reality (AR) through a head-mounted display (HMD) may lead to accurate glenoid component placement in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the deviation between planned, intra- and postoperative inclination, retroversion, entry point, depth, and rotation of the glenoid component placement assisted by a navigated AR through HMD during RSA. METHODS: Both shoulders of 6 fresh frozen human cadavers, free from fractures or other bony pathologies, were used. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were used for the 3-dimensional (3D) planning. The glenoid component placement was assisted using a navigated AR system through an HMD in all specimens. Intraoperative inclination, retroversion, depth, and rotation were measured by the system. A postoperative CT scan was performed. The pre- and postoperative 3D CT scan reconstructions were superimposed to calculate the deviation between planned and postoperative inclination, retroversion, entry point, depth, and rotation of the glenoid component placement. Additionally, a comparison between intra- and postoperative values was calculated. Outliers were defined as >10° inclination, >10° retroversion, >3 mm entry point. RESULTS: The registration algorithm of the scapulae prior to the procedure was correctly completed for all cases. The deviations between planned and postoperative values were 1.0° ± 0.7° for inclination, 1.8° ± 1.3° for retroversion, 1.1 ± 0.4 mm for entry point, 0.7 ± 0.6 mm for depth, and 1.7° ± 1.6° for rotation. The deviation between intra- and postoperative values were 0.9° ± 0.8° for inclination, 1.2° ± 1.1° for retroversion, 0.6 ± 0.5 mm for depth, and 0.3° ± 0.2° for rotation. There were no outliers between planned and postoperative parameters. CONCLUSION: In this study, the use of a navigated AR system through an HMD for RSA led to low deviation between planned and postoperative values and between intra- and postoperative parameters.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastía de Reemplazo de Hombro , Realidad Aumentada , Cavidad Glenoidea , Articulación del Hombro , Humanos , Articulación del Hombro/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación del Hombro/cirugía , Artroplastía de Reemplazo de Hombro/métodos , Escápula/cirugía , Artroplastia , Cavidad Glenoidea/cirugíaRESUMEN
Glenohumeral instability remains a frequent pathology, specifically in athletes and active patients. As such, several treatment options have been described. In the setting of significant glenoid bone loss (i.e., >20%), off-track Hill-Sachs lesions, and failed previous soft-tissue-based repairs, glenoid bone-augmentation techniques must be considered. These techniques restore stability by a triple blocking effect of the bony graft, the capsulolabral complex repair, and the dynamic sling effect of the conjoined tendon. The classic Latarjet procedure consists in performing a coracoid osteotomy along with the conjoined tendon attachment followed by transfer and fixation to the anterior glenoid, positioning the lateral surface of the coracoid to be flush with the articular side. Then, a modification of this technique defined as "congruent-arc Latarjet" (CAL) was described. This approach involves rotating the coracoid process 90° along its longitudinal axis using the inferior surface to recreate the native glenoid arc. Biomechanical studies have discussed advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. The CAL allows a greater glenoid surface area, which may be relevant in patients with increased glenoid bone loss. However, the bone contact area is reduced, which increases the technical difficulty of screw positioning with an increased risk of graft fragmentation. The classic Latarjet technique has a greater initial fixation strength between the graft and the glenoid and a greater potential for bone consolidation due to the broader contact bone area. Excellent clinical and sports outcomes with low recurrence rates have been observed in both techniques. Imaging findings have exhibited high bone block healing and no difference in graft placement, but CAL demonstrated a greater incidence of fibrous or nonunion rates and errors in screw fixation. Finally, while similar early complications have been reported, long-term outcomes are still needed in CAL for comparing osteoarthritis progression. These results emphasize that either technique can be considered to manage glenohumeral instability when appropriately indicated.
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Inestabilidad de la Articulación , Luxación del Hombro , Articulación del Hombro , Humanos , Articulación del Hombro/cirugía , Articulación del Hombro/patología , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/cirugía , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/etiología , Escápula/cirugía , Artroplastia/efectos adversos , Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Luxación del Hombro/cirugía , Luxación del Hombro/complicacionesRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The standard treatment of anterior glenaoid fractures carrying > 20% of the glenoid fossa is open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). In the herein study, we report our outcomes in a retrospective cohort of anterior and anteroinferior glenoid rim fractures using an accelerated postoperative rehabilitation protocol. A secondary aim is to describe the surgical steps for ORIF of anterior and anteroinferior glenoid rim fractures using the anterior axillary approach, describing the tricks, pearls, and pitfalls of this surgical technique. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of skeletally mature patients treated for an anterior glenoid rim fracture carrying > 20% of the glenoid fossa during a 10-year period were operated on using a vertical axillary incision, osteosynthesis with 2.0-mm cortical screws, and labral repair with small diameter metallic anchors and non-absorbable sutures. Rehabilitation began on the first postoperative day, including passive external rotation exercises and active-assisted flexion, adduction, and abduction exercises as tolerated. The exercises are performed with the patient sitting or lying down. Phase 1 is continued for 6-10 weeks until the patient regains painless, normal, or near-normal ROM. Usually by 10 weeks, the fracture and labrum are healed, so phase 2 rehabilitation begins with strengthening and ROM exercises. Radiologic and clinical outcomes, including active range of motion (ROM), glenohumeral stability, and visual analogue scale (VAS) were measured. RESULTS: About 33 patients (35 fractures) had complete medical records and pre- and post-operative imaging exams available for further analysis regarding the surgical protocol, with a mean of 4.8 years. The mean DASH questionnaire was 3.75 ± 9.0 and the mean CM score was 62.5 ± 0.1. Active flexion and internal rotation were recovered in all patients, while external rotation presented an average loss of 8° (p = 0.12) and abduction of 5° (p = 0.33). The mean VAS was 1.1 ± 0.8. No patient reported major or disabling symptoms, or great difficulty or inability to perform daily or recreational activities. No patient presented residual instability of the glenohumeral joint. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective cohort, ORIF using a vertical axillary incision, osteosynthesis with 2.0-mm screws, and labral repair with small diameter metallic anchors and non-absorbable sutures was a safe approach, with a minimal risk of complications and residual instability. The accelerated postoperative rehabilitation protocol, allowing immediate passive external rotation of the operated shoulder, resulted in a non-significant loss of ROM compared to the contralateral side. Therefore, we recommend this management strategy for anterior glenoid rim fractures in patients with unstable shoulder joint after traumatic glenohumeral dislocation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: Therapeutic Study (Surgical technique and Retrospective cohort).
Asunto(s)
Fracturas Óseas , Inestabilidad de la Articulación , Luxación del Hombro , Articulación del Hombro , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Escápula/cirugía , Fracturas Óseas/cirugía , Fracturas Óseas/complicaciones , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/efectos adversos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Articulación del Hombro/cirugía , Luxación del Hombro/cirugía , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/etiología , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Artroscopía/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The success of total shoulder arthroplasty is dependent on both proper patient selection and restoration of the native anatomy. After proper patient selection, preoperative planning is essential to select implants that will allow the surgeon to properly restore soft-tissue tension and correct for deformity. Although it is possible to template implants with plain radiographs, these do not allow accurate measurements of the complex three-dimensional anatomy of the glenohumeral joint. CT can be used to further examine version of the glenoid and humerus, as well as humeral head subluxation. Three-dimensional reconstructions also allow for virtual implantation, resulting in a more reliable prediction of implant appearance. Commercial software is available that calculates parameters such as version; however, these have been shown to have variability when compared with measurements obtained by surgeons. Patient-specific instrumentation can also be obtained based on preoperative measurements; however, although it allowed for improved measurements when compared with two-dimensional imaging, there has been no difference in version error, inclination error, or positional offset of the glenoid implant when comparing patient-specific instrumentation with standard instrumentation. Intraoperative navigation can also be used to give real-time feedback on implant positioning; however, additional studies are needed to fully evaluate its benefit.
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Artroplastía de Reemplazo de Hombro , Articulación del Hombro , Artroplastía de Reemplazo de Hombro/métodos , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Radiografía , Escápula/cirugía , Articulación del Hombro/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación del Hombro/cirugíaRESUMEN
¼: Anterior glenohumeral instability (AGI) is a challenging condition that requires close attention to osseous and soft-tissue abnormalities. The morphometric variance of the periarticular scapular anatomy may be involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent traumatic anterior instability. ¼: The Trillat procedure repositions the coracoid medially and downward by a partial wedge osteotomy, mimicking the sling effect of the Latarjet procedure by moving the conjoint tendon closer to the joint line in throwing position. The Trillat procedure decreases the coracohumeral distance without affecting the integrity of the subscapularis muscle and tendon. ¼: Joint preservation methods, such as the Trillat procedure, may be explored in older patients to treat AGI with simultaneous irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCTs) with a static centered head and a functional subscapularis. ¼: Shoulder hyperlaxity and instability can be challenging to treat with isolated soft-tissue procedures. In cases without glenoid bone loss, free bone block techniques are ineffective because of the subsequent potential graft resorption, apprehension, or recurrence. The Trillat surgery, in conjunction with an anteroinferior capsuloplasty, seems to be helpful in preventing recurrent instability and in reducing shoulder apprehension. ¼: Recently, several variations of the original technique have been described. In the future, anatomical, biomechanical, and clinical studies need to be conducted to further evaluate the morphometric characterization of the procedure, enhance the technical features, improve indications, and avoid coracoid impingement and other potential complications with the Trillat procedure.
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Inestabilidad de la Articulación , Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores , Articulación del Hombro , Anciano , Humanos , Osteotomía/efectos adversos , Escápula/cirugíaRESUMEN
Abstract Objective The objective of this paper was to identify safety parameters in the posterior surgical approach of the scapula through a cross-sectional cadaver study. Methods Thirteen cadaver shoulders with no history of surgery or prior musculoskeletal dysfunction, with mean age, weight, and height of 70.1 years, 61.5 kg, and 1.64 m, respectively, were dissected. The anatomic landmark of the studied pathway (infraglenoid tubercle) and its distance to the axillary and suprascapular nerves were measured. Results The mean distance between the infraglenoid tubercle (IT) and the axillary nerve (AN) was 23.8 mm, and the mean distance from the IT to the suprascapular nerve (SN) was 33.2 mm. Conclusion The posterior approach may be considered safe through the interval between the infraspinatus and teres minor. However, caution should be taken during muscle spacing because of the short distance between the fracture site and the location of the SN and AN. These precautions help to avoid major postoperative complications.
Resumo Objetivo O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar parâmetros de segurança para a realização da via de acesso cirúrgico posterior da escápula por meio de um estudo transversal em cadáveres. Métodos Foram dissecados 13 ombros de cadáveres sem história de cirurgia ou disfunção musculoesquelética prévia e em bom estado de conservação, com médias de idade, peso e altura de 70,1 anos, 61,5 kg, 1,64m, respectivamente. Identificou-se marco anatômico da via estudada (tubérculo infraglenoidal) e sua distância para os nervos axilar e supraescapular foi medida. Resultados A distância média encontrada entre o tubérculo infraglenoidal (TI) e o nervo axilar (NA) foi de 23,8 mm e distância média do TI ao nervo supraescapular (NSE) foi de 33,2 mm. Conclusão A via posterior pelo intervalo entre os músculos infraespinal e redondo menor é considerada segura; porém, é preciso atenção e cautela durante o afastamento muscular, devido à curta distância média entre o sítio de fratura e a localização do NSE e do NA. Tais precauções podem evitar maiores complicações pós-operatórias.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Escápula/anatomía & histología , Escápula/cirugía , Cadáver , Fracturas Óseas , Puntos Anatómicos de Referencia , MúsculosRESUMEN
A 10-year-old female American Pit Bull dog was diagnosed with metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma of the scapula. Immunohistochemistry showed positive immunoexpression for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, 34BE12, CK7) and vimentin, confirming squamous cell carcinoma. No evidence of nodules was found in the complete physical examination and imaging procedures conducted. The patient was diagnosed with carcinoma of unknown primary origin. Amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and piroxicam were performed, but the patient died of respiratory failure after 737 days of diagnosis. Necropsy confirmed undifferentiated carcinoma infiltrating the lungs and kidneys, and showing the same immunoexpression as the tumor in the scapula. Amputation associated with chemotherapy extended the overall survival time of this patient.
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Neoplasias Óseas/secundario , Neoplasias Óseas/veterinaria , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundario , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/veterinaria , Neoplasias Primarias Desconocidas/veterinaria , Amputación Quirúrgica/veterinaria , Animales , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Neoplasias Óseas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Óseas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Perros , Quimioterapia/veterinaria , Femenino , Inmunohistoquímica , Queratinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renales/secundario , Neoplasias Renales/veterinaria , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Neoplasias Pulmonares/veterinaria , Neoplasias Primarias Desconocidas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Primarias Desconocidas/cirugía , Escápula/metabolismo , Escápula/patología , Escápula/cirugía , Vimentina/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The optimal management of recurrent anterior shoulder instability with significant glenoid bone loss in high-demand collision athletes remains a challenge. PURPOSE: To analyze the time to return to sport, clinical outcomes, and recurrences following a modified Latarjet procedure without capsulolabral repair in rugby players with recurrent anterior shoulder instability and significant glenoid bone loss. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Between June 2008 and June 2015, 50 competitive rugby players (practice >2 times per week and competition during weekends) with recurrent anterior shoulder instability underwent operation with the modified congruent arc Latarjet procedure without capsulolabral repair in our institution. Cases included 18 primary repairs and 32 revisions. Return to sports, range of motion (ROM), the Rowe score, a visual analog scale for pain in sport activity (VAS), and the Athletic Shoulder Outcome Scoring System (ASOSS) were used to assess functional outcomes. Recurrences were also evaluated. The postoperative bone block position and consolidation were assessed with computed tomography. The final analysis included 49 shoulders in 48 patients (31 revision cases). RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 48 months (range, 24-108 months) and the mean age at the time of operation was 22.8 years (range, 17-35 years). Forty-five patients (93.7%) returned to playing rugby, all at their preinjury level of play. No significant difference in shoulder ROM was found between preoperative and postoperative results. The Rowe, VAS, and ASOSS scores showed statistically significant improvement after operation ( P < .001). The Rowe score increased from a mean of 39.5 points preoperatively to 94 points postoperatively ( P < .01). The VAS score decreased from 3.6 points preoperatively to 1.2 points postoperatively ( P < .01). The ASOSS score improved significantly from a mean of 44 points preoperatively to 89.5 points postoperatively ( P < .01). No recurrence of shoulder dislocation or subluxation was noted. The bone block healed in 43 shoulders (88%). CONCLUSION: In rugby players with recurrent anterior shoulder instability and significant glenoid bone loss, the modified Latarjet procedure without capsulolabral repair produced excellent functional outcomes, with most athletes returning to rugby at their preinjury level of play without recurrences.
Asunto(s)
Fútbol Americano , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/cirugía , Luxación del Hombro/cirugía , Articulación del Hombro/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Dimensión del Dolor , Periodo Posoperatorio , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Escápula/cirugía , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
El osteocondroma de la escápula es un tumor beningno muy raro por su ubicación, que produce dolor y disfunción mecánica de la articulación cuando se establece en la superficie ventral de la escápula, afecta principalmente a los varones en los períodos del crecimiento óseo, entre 10 y 30 años de edad, representan el 14,4 % de todos los tumores de la escápula y el 49 % de los tumores benignos de la escápula. Surgen en las regiones metafisarias de los huesos largos (fémur, húmero, tibia), causando irritación mecánica que conduce a impotencia funcional, bursitis, e incluso fractura de la escápula, pocos casos en huesos planos han sido descritos. El diagnostico se realiza con la valoración física, clínica y exámenes complementarios, debiendo ser confirmado por el histopatológo previa biopsia. La indicación quirúrgica incluye la disfunción mecánica de una articulación o tendón en relación con el tamaño de la lesión, y del cambio sarcomatoso siendo el procedimiento de elección la escisión quirúrgica abierta. A continuación se describe el caso de una joven de 11 años a quien se diagnosticó un osteocondroma subescapular, previabiopsia escisional.
Osteochondroma of the scapulais a rare benign tumor in view of its location, which produces pain and mechanical dysfunction of the joint when it is on the ventral surface of the scapula, mainly affecting men during bone growth periods, betweenthe ages of 10 and 30, accounting for 14.4 % of allscapula tumors and 49 % of benign tumors of thescapula. They arise in the metaphyseal regions ofthe long bones (femur, humerus, tibia), causing mechanical irritation leading to functional impotence,bursitis, and fracture of the scapula. Few cases inflat bones have been described. Diagnosis is made with physical, clinical and complementary examinations, and must be confirmed by prior histopathology biopsy. The surgical indication includes mechanical dysfunction of a joint or tendon in relationto the size of the lesion, sarcomatous change being the procedure of choice in open surgical excision. The case of an 11-year-old girl who was diagnosed with a subscapular osteochondroma after previous excisional biopsy, is described below.
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Humanos , Femenino , Niño , Escápula/cirugía , Neoplasias Óseas/cirugía , Osteocondroma/cirugía , Escápula/patología , Neoplasias Óseas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Osteocondroma/diagnóstico , Osteocondroma/patologíaRESUMEN
Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor that is rarely found in the scapula. We report a clinical case involving a 36-year-old female patient who suffered from progressive pain in her right shoulder for 1 year. This patient was initially diagnosed with impingement syndrome and was treated unsuccessfully with medication and physical therapy for approximately 2 months. Based on imaging exams, a juxta-articular osteoid osteoma of the glenoid was identified. The patient underwent a shoulder arthroscopy that included tumor removal and treatment of the resulting chondral lesion. At 6-, 12- and 36-month assessments, the patient was asymptomatic, with a normal range of motion and experienced a pain intensity corresponding to 0 points on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and 35 points on the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Scale. A postoperative MRI indicated the absence of any residual tumor tissue or inflammatory signs. We believe that the approach described in this paper allows juxta-articular osteoid osteomas to be accessed in a minimally invasive manner and permits not only adequate resection but also the treatment of chondral lesions that could remain after tumor resection.
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Artroscopía/métodos , Neoplasias Óseas/cirugía , Osteoma Osteoide/cirugía , Escápula , Adulto , Neoplasias Óseas/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Osteoma Osteoide/complicaciones , Dolor , Dimensión del Dolor , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Escápula/cirugía , Dolor de Hombro/etiologíaRESUMEN
Las calcificaciones del manguito rotador afectan mayormente al tendón del supraespinoso. El compromiso del tendón del subescapular es menos frecuente y sólo unos pocos casos han sido reportados. Presentamos un caso de una calcificación del subescapular en un paciente sin respuesta al tratamiento conservador, que fue tratado con la remoción completa de la misma y la posterior reparación del defecto residual con un arpón de doble sutura reforzada. Un año luego de la cirugía el paciente se presentaba sin dolor, con movilidad completa y sin restos de calcio en los estudios postoperatorios. La combinación de la remoción completa de la calcificación y la subsecuente reparación del defecto con arpones en forma artroscópica puede resultar en excelentes resultados funcionales, sin comprometer la integridad del manguito rotador en pacientes con calcificaciones del subescapular. Nivel de Evidencia: V...
The supraspinatus tendon is the most common tendon associated with the calcific tendinosis of the rotator cuff. The subscapularis tendon is rarely affected, and only a few prior cases have been reported. We present a case of a subscapularis tendon calcification in a patient with a failed conservative treatment that was treated arthroscopically with complete removal of the calcific deposit and posterior repair of the defect with suture anchors. One year after surgery the patient had no pain, he had full range of motion and there were not residual calcium deposits in the postoperative studies. The combination of complete calcium removal and posterior repair with suture anchors can led to excellent functional outcomes without compromising the integrity of the rotator cuff in patients with calcifications of the subscapularis tendon. Level Of Evidence: V...
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Adulto , Articulación del Hombro/cirugía , Articulación del Hombro/patología , Artroscopía/métodos , Calcinosis/cirugía , Escápula/cirugía , Tendinopatía/cirugía , Tendinopatía/patología , Tendones/cirugía , Tendones/patología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUÇÃO: O Dermatofibrossarcoma do Ombro é patologia incomum e seu tratamento demanda extensas ressecções. O sistema escapular é fonte de retalhos bastante utilizados nesta região. MÉTODO: Realizado estudo longitudinal, prospectivo, através da condução de um caso de Dermatofibrossarcoma Protuberans em ombro direito, submetido a ressecção e reconstrução local com Retalho Duoescapular, obtido através da associação dos retalhos escapular e paraescapular. RESULTADOS: Paciente evoluiu sem intercorrências no pós-operatório, não sendo observadas complicações sistêmicas e locais, e limitações funcionais. CONCLUSÃO: O Retalho Duoescapular é nova e relevante opção para reconstrução de feridas extensas, com exposição de estruturas nobres no ombro. Permite fechamento primário da área doadora, sem acrescentar morbidade ao procedimento.
INTRODUCTION: Shoulder cutaneous fibrosarcoma is an unusual pathology that requires extensive resections. The scapula is a source of flaps widely used in this region. METHOD: A longitudinal and prospective study was carried out in a patient with protuberans cutaneous fibrosarcoma on the right shoulder who underwent resection followed by local reconstruction with a Duoscapular Flap (a combination of scapular and parascapular flaps). RESULTS: The patient had no postoperative complications, as systemic and local complications as well as functional limitations were not observed. CONCLUSION: Duoscapular Flap placement is a novel procedure and a relevant choice for the reconstruction of extensive wounds exposing noble structures in the shoulder. It allows the primary closure of the donor area without increasing the morbidity of the procedure.
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Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Historia del Siglo XXI , Escápula , Hombro , Cirugía Plástica , Colgajos Quirúrgicos , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Longitudinales , Dermatofibrosarcoma , Nodulación de la Raíz de la Planta , Fibrosarcoma , Escápula/cirugía , Escápula/patología , Hombro/cirugía , Hombro/patología , Cirugía Plástica/efectos adversos , Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Colgajos Quirúrgicos/cirugía , Dermatofibrosarcoma/cirugía , Dermatofibrosarcoma/patología , Fibrosarcoma/cirugía , Fibrosarcoma/patologíaRESUMEN
O implante de marcapasso cardíaco artificial é uma prática médica consagrada, cujas indicações são definidas pelas Diretrizes Brasileiras de Dispositivos Eletrônicos Implantáveis do Departamento de Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular1,2,13. Os benefícios relatados após o implante vão desde o aumento da sobrevida à melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Algumas complicações decorrentes do procedimento e da inatividade que os pacientes autoimpõem-se por períodos indeterminados poderiam ser evitadas ou minimizadas com a mobilização precoce da cintura escapular e a realização de atividades cotidianas. Não há diretrizes internacionais indicando o tempo que o paciente deve permanecer sem mobilidade após o implante de marcapasso. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o efeito da mobilidade da cintura escapular e das orientações funcionais a portadores de marcapasso. A hipótese é que aqueles submetidos à mobilização precoce terão benefícios com a prescrição de atividades físicas e orientações para as atividades diárias...
Artificial Cardiac Pacemaker Implant is a medical practice established in the literature and its indications are defined by the Brazilian Guidelines for Implantable Electronic Devices of the Brazilian Society of Cardiovascular Surgery - SBCCV, through its Department of Artificial Cardiac Pacing - DECA. The benefits reported after pacemaker implantation range from improved survival to quality of life. However, despite evidence of benefits, following some complications resulting from the procedure itself and inactivity in patients with shoulder girdle for indefinite periods of time, which could be avoided or minimized by the early mobilization and instructions for daily activities. However, despite the obvious complications there are no international guidelines indicating how long the patient should remain without mobility after pacemaker implantation. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the mobility of the shoulder girdle and functional instructions to patients with a pacemaker. The hypothesis is that pacemaker patients undergoing early mobilization, rather than remaining strictly in bed or immobilized upper limbs, will benefit from the early prescription of physical activities and instructions for daily activities...
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Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estimulación Cardíaca Artificial/métodos , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/instrumentación , Marcapaso Artificial , Cuidados Posoperatorios/rehabilitación , Escápula/cirugía , Escápula , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Trombosis de la Vena/prevención & control , Extremidad SuperiorAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Óseas/veterinaria , Cricetulus , Osteosarcoma/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Roedores/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/veterinaria , Animales , Biopsia con Aguja Fina/veterinaria , Neoplasias Óseas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Óseas/cirugía , Cricetinae , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Resultado Fatal , Osteosarcoma/diagnóstico , Osteosarcoma/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Roedores/cirugía , Escápula/patología , Escápula/cirugía , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/cirugíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to define a safety margin for coracoid process osteotomy that does not compromise the coracoclavicular ligaments and that can be used in the coracoid transfer procedures. METHODS: Thirty shoulders from 15 cadavers were dissected, exposing the coracoid process and attached anatomic structures. The distance of the insertion of these structures to the coracoid process apex was measured. RESULTS: The average length of the coracoid process was 4.26 ± 0.26 cm. The average width and height at the tip were 2.11 ± 0.2 and 1.49 ± 0.12 cm, respectively. The average distance from the tip to the anterior and posterior margin of the pectoralis minor was 0.1 ± 1.17 and 1.59 ± 0.27 cm, respectively. The average distance from the tip to the posterior margin of the coracoacromial ligament was 2.79 ± 0.33 cm. The average distance from the apex to the most anterior part of the trapezoid ligament was 3.33 ± 0.38 cm. We obtained a constant value of 0.85 cm for this measure, and the value increased with each 1.0-cm increase in the distance from the tip to the posterior margin of the pectoralis minor. The safety margin for osteotomy (i.e., available bone distance for the coracoid process transfer) was 2.64 cm. CONCLUSIONS: This study established a safety margin of 2.64 cm for the osteotomy of the coracoid process and its relation with the posterior margin of the pectoralis minor. The anatomic descriptions of bone and soft tissue, as well as a measure of correlation for the safety margin of the coracoid, provide tools for surgeons performing anatomic surgical procedures to correct glenohumeral instability with significant bone loss. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Knowing the safety margin allows the surgeon to perform a safe osteotomy without direct visualization of the coracoclavicular ligaments attachments, thereby making procedures more anatomic.
Asunto(s)
Osteotomía , Escápula/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Anciano , Antropometría , Cadáver , Femenino , Humanos , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/prevención & control , Ligamentos Articulares/anatomía & histología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteotomía/efectos adversos , Osteotomía/métodos , Escápula/cirugía , Articulación del Hombro/cirugía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Following shoulder arthroplasty, any well-planned rehabilitation program should include muscle strengthening. However, it is not always clear how different external loads influence shoulder kinematics in patients with shoulder prostheses. The objective of this study was to describe shoulder kinematics and determine the contribution of the scapulothoracic joint to total shoulder motion of patients with total and reverse shoulder arthroplasties and of healthy individuals during rehabilitation exercises (anteflexion and elevation in the scapular plane) using different loading conditions (without external load, 1 kg and elastic resistance). METHODS: Shoulder motions were measured using an electromagnetic tracking device. A force transducer was used to record force signals during loaded conditions using elastic resistance. Statistical comparisons were made using a three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post hoc testing. FINDINGS: The scapula contributed more to movement of the arm in subjects with prostheses compared to healthy subjects. The same applies for loaded conditions (1 kg and elastic resistance) relative to unloaded tasks. For scapular internal rotation, upward rotation and posterior tilt no significant differences among groups were found during both exercises. Glenohumeral elevation angles during anteflexion were significantly higher in the total shoulder arthroplasty group compared to the reverse shoulder arthroplasty group. INTERPRETATION: Differences in contribution of the scapula to total shoulder motion between patients with different types of arthroplasties were not significant. However, compared to healthy subjects, they were. Furthermore, scapular kinematics of patients with shoulder arthroplasty was influenced by implementation of external loads, but not by the type of load.
Asunto(s)
Prótesis Articulares , Osteoartritis/rehabilitación , Osteoartritis/cirugía , Hombro/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Antropometría , Artroplastia , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Elasticidad , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Rotación , Escápula/anatomía & histología , Escápula/cirugía , Hombro/anatomía & histología , Lesiones del Hombro , Estrés Mecánico , Resistencia a la TracciónRESUMEN
Serratus anterior palsy can be a very disabling condition. However, not much has been written about many other upper limb palsies and the surgical approaches for them. In contrast, not much has been published about this particular muscle palsy. Most investigators engaged in the treatment of peripheral nerve palsies are focused on the restoration of elbow flexion/extension and shoulder abduction/external rotation. Nevertheless, scapulothoracic stability is of utmost importance for shoulder function inasmuch as it offers a stable base for arm motion--mostly forward flexion. As a result, serratus anterior palsy leads to loss of strength, range of motion, and pain due to fatigue of synergistic muscles--an issue disabling enough to warrant surgical intervention. Many investigators have suggested a variety of techniques including muscle transfers, fascial slings, or scapulothoracic fusion. The last option leads to obvious limitations in the final range of motion and should be avoided in young high-demand patients. Fascial slings have a tendency to attenuate over time.
Asunto(s)
Fascia Lata/trasplante , Músculo Esquelético/inervación , Parálisis/cirugía , Escápula/cirugía , Transferencia Tendinosa/métodos , Humanos , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/cirugía , Músculos Pectorales/cirugía , Cuidados Posoperatorios , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Articulación del Hombro/inervaciónRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico de 15 pacientes com fratura da escápula. MÉTODOS: Avaliação retrospectiva dos resultados clinicos e radiográficos do tratamento cirurgico de fraturas da escápula, em um periodo de dez anos. A avaliação clínica baseou-se tanto no escore de Schofer et al. quanto no Constant-Murley. Na avaliação radiográfica, pesquisou-se a existência de perda da redução, pseudartrose ou alterações póstraumáticas. A análise estatística foi puramente descritiva, por meio de cálculo percentual dos achados. RESULTADOS: Todas as fraturas consolidaram em um período médio de 90 dias, confor- me documentação radiográfica. Na última consulta ambulatorial, o tempo médio de seguimento foi de 45,6 meses (variando de 14 a 109,2 meses). Nenhum paciente referiu dor constante e incapacitante no ombro operado. O escore médio de Constant- Murley foi de 84 pontos (variando de 76 a 90 pontos). Dos 15 pacientes, 13 (86,7 por cento) retornaram ao nível funcional prévio sem restrição (atividades profissional e recreacionais). Não forma detectados sinais de perda de redução, pseudartrose ou osteo- artrose pós-traumática. Não ocorreram penetração ou impacto articular pela presença do material de osteossíntese. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes com fraturas da escápula, que se enquadrem nos critérios para tratamento cirúrgico, os resultados são bons desde que sejam respeitados os tecidos moles periarticulares e realizado o devido planejamento da via de acesso e do protocolo de reabilitação.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes on 15 unstable scapula fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation. METHODS: A retrospective study to evaluate the results of scapula fracture fixation in 15 patients, managed at our Institution during a 10-year period. Shoulder function was recorded in both upper extremities with both the Schofer et al. and the Constant-Murley score. Radiographic analysis was done in terms of loss of reduction, nonunion, and post-traumatic degenerative changes. Statistical analysis was purely descriptive with calculation of percentage. RESULTS: All fractures healed in a mean of 90 days, as documented by simple radiographs. At the last consultation, the mean follow-up was 45.6 months (ranging from 14 to 109,2 months). No patient had constant pain or referred incapacity. The mean Constant- Murley score for the 15 patients was 84 points (ranging from 76 to 90 points). Of the 15 patients, 13 (86.7 percent) had returned to their previous employment and recreational activities with- out restrictions. No signs of loss of reduction, nonunion, or post-traumatic degenerative changes were seen. In addition, no ardware impingement or articular penetration was observed in any case. CONCLUSION: The respect to the soft tissue is the cornerstone of proper treatment of this scapular fractures. In our series good results were obtained when appropriate preoperative planning and post-operative rehabilitation has been performed.