RESUMEN
Prostate cancer (PCa) progression mechanism has been linked to epithelial proliferation, tumor invasion ability, and growth factors. Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) has been reported as being FGF and VEGF pathway inhibitors, exhibiting antitumor activity. Thus, the objective herein was to characterize the early Nintedanib treatment effects on the structure and molecules involved in the basal membrane, the extracellular matrix (ECM) maintenance, in addition to the angiogenesis and mitogenic processes at different grades of prostatic tumor development in TRAMP mice. Therefore, 45 male TRAMP mice were divided into control groups: 8-week-old mice (TC8), 12-week-old mice (TC12), and 16-week-old mice (TC16); and treated groups with 10 mg/kg/day Nintedanib dose for 4 weeks. The treated groups were euthanized at 12 (TN12) and 16 (TN16) weeks of age. Samples from the dorsolateral lobe were collected and processed for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and microvessel density analysis. The results showed that early Nintedanib treatment led to an increase of healthy epithelium frequency and a reduction of LGPIN and a maximum vascularization density in the TN12 group. Also, treatment led to a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma decrease and an α and ß dystroglycan and also laminin 1 increase in the TN16 group. IGFR1 decreased in the TN16 group. To conclude, early Nintedanib treatment led to a reduction in cancer severity, interfering in both ECM compounds and angiogenesis process to then contribute to a balance, not only in the prostatic epithelium and stroma, but also in the epithelial-stromal interaction during PCa progression.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Indoles/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Distroglicanos/análisis , Epitelio/química , Epitelio/patología , Laminina/análisis , Masculino , Ratones Transgénicos , Próstata/efectos de los fármacos , Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Células del Estroma/clasificación , Células del Estroma/patologíaRESUMEN
The primary objective of the current study was to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) of florfenicol (FFL) in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and the plasma in swine. The second objectives were to evaluate the effect of anesthesia with ketamine and propofol on the PK of FFL in plasma. Bronchoaveolar lavage was utilized for quantification of PELF volume and the urea dilution method was used to determine the concentration of FFL in PELF. FFL was administered intramuscularly (IM) to swine in a single dose of 20mg/kg body weight. The main PK parameters of FFL in plasma and PELF were as follows: the area under the concentration-time curve, maximal drug concentration, elimination half-life and mean residence time were 69.45±4.36 vs 85.03±9.26µg·hr/ml, 4.65±0.34 vs 5.94±0.86µg/ml, 9.87±1.70 vs 10.69±1.60hr and 12.75±0.35 vs 14.46±1.26hr, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the PK profiles of FFL for the anesthetized and unanesthetized pigs. This study suggest that (i) FFL penetrated rapidly into the pulmonary and the drug concentration decay faster in plasma than in the pulmonary, (ii) the PK profile of FFL in swine was not interfered after administration of anesthetic agent.(AU)
O objetivo primário desse estudo foi comparar a farmacocinética de florfenicol (FFL) em fluido epitelial pulmonar à farmacocinética (PK) de FFL em plasma suíno. O segundo objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de anestesia com ketamina e propofol no PK de FFL em plasma. Lavagem broncoalveolar foi utilizada para quantificar volume de fluido epitelial pulmonar (PELF) e método de diluição de uréia para determinar FFL em PELF. Injeção de FFL foi administrada intramuscular a suínos em dose única de 20mg/kg de peso corporal. Os principais parâmetros de PK em FFL em plasma e PELF foram os seguintes: a área sob a curva de concentração-tempo, concentração máxima da droga, eliminação de meia-vida e média de tempo de permanência foram 69,45±4,36 vs 85,03±9,26µg·hr/ml, 4,65±0,34 vs 5,94±0,86µg/ml, 9,87±1,70 vs 10,69±1,60hr e 12,75±0,35 vs 14,46±1,26hr, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os perfis de PK de FFL para os porcos anestesiados e não anestesiados. Esse estudo sugere que (i) FFL penetrou rapidamente no pulmão e concentração da droga sofre queda mais veloz em plasma que líquido pulmonar, (ii) o perfil de PK de FFL em suínos não modificou após administração de agente anestésico.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Anestésicos/análisis , Lavado Broncoalveolar/veterinaria , Epitelio/química , Porcinos/anomalías , FarmacocinéticaRESUMEN
The primary objective of the current study was to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) of florfenicol (FFL) in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and the plasma in swine. The second objectives were to evaluate the effect of anesthesia with ketamine and propofol on the PK of FFL in plasma. Bronchoaveolar lavage was utilized for quantification of PELF volume and the urea dilution method was used to determine the concentration of FFL in PELF. FFL was administered intramuscularly (IM) to swine in a single dose of 20mg/kg body weight. The main PK parameters of FFL in plasma and PELF were as follows: the area under the concentration-time curve, maximal drug concentration, elimination half-life and mean residence time were 69.45±4.36 vs 85.03±9.26µg·hr/ml, 4.65±0.34 vs 5.94±0.86µg/ml, 9.87±1.70 vs 10.69±1.60hr and 12.75±0.35 vs 14.46±1.26hr, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the PK profiles of FFL for the anesthetized and unanesthetized pigs. This study suggest that (i) FFL penetrated rapidly into the pulmonary and the drug concentration decay faster in plasma than in the pulmonary, (ii) the PK profile of FFL in swine was not interfered after administration of anesthetic agent.(AU)
O objetivo primário desse estudo foi comparar a farmacocinética de florfenicol (FFL) em fluido epitelial pulmonar à farmacocinética (PK) de FFL em plasma suíno. O segundo objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de anestesia com ketamina e propofol no PK de FFL em plasma. Lavagem broncoalveolar foi utilizada para quantificar volume de fluido epitelial pulmonar (PELF) e método de diluição de uréia para determinar FFL em PELF. Injeção de FFL foi administrada intramuscular a suínos em dose única de 20mg/kg de peso corporal. Os principais parâmetros de PK em FFL em plasma e PELF foram os seguintes: a área sob a curva de concentração-tempo, concentração máxima da droga, eliminação de meia-vida e média de tempo de permanência foram 69,45±4,36 vs 85,03±9,26µg·hr/ml, 4,65±0,34 vs 5,94±0,86µg/ml, 9,87±1,70 vs 10,69±1,60hr e 12,75±0,35 vs 14,46±1,26hr, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os perfis de PK de FFL para os porcos anestesiados e não anestesiados. Esse estudo sugere que (i) FFL penetrou rapidamente no pulmão e concentração da droga sofre queda mais veloz em plasma que líquido pulmonar, (ii) o perfil de PK de FFL em suínos não modificou após administração de agente anestésico.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Anestésicos/análisis , Lavado Broncoalveolar/veterinaria , Epitelio/química , Porcinos/anomalías , FarmacocinéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The synthesis of sex steroids is controlled by several enzymes such as17α-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (P450c17) catalyzing androgen synthesis and aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) catalyzing estrogen synthesis, both of which must complex with the redox partner NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) for activity. Previous studies have identified expression of steroidogenic enzymes in vaginal tissue, suggesting local sex steroid synthesis. The current studies investigate P450c17, P450aromatase and CPR expression in vaginal mucosa of Galea spixii (Spix cavy) by immuno-histochemical and western immunoblot analyses. METHODS: Stages of estrous cyclicity were monitored by vaginal exfoliative cytology. After euthanasia, vaginal tissues were retrieved, fixed and frozen at diestrus, proestrus, estrus and metestrus. The ovaries and testis were used as positive control tissues for immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Data from cytological study allowed identification of different estrous cycle phases. Immunohistochemical analysis showed different sites of expression of steroidogenic enzymes along with tissue response throughout different phases of the estrous cycle. However, further studies are needed to characterize the derived hormones synthesized by, and the enzymes activities associated with, vaginal tissues. CONCLUSION: Current results not only support the expression of enzymes involved in sex steroid synthesis in the wall of the vagina, they also indicate that expression changes with the stage of the cycle, both the levels and types of cells exhibiting expression. Thus, changes in proliferation of vaginal epithelial cells and the differentiation of the mucosa may be influenced by local steroid synthesis as well as circulating androgens and estrogens.
Asunto(s)
Proliferación Celular/fisiología , Epitelio/enzimología , Ciclo Estral/fisiología , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/metabolismo , Vagina/enzimología , Animales , Epitelio/química , Femenino , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/análisis , Masculino , Roedores , Vagina/química , Vagina/citologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to determine expression, not previously described, of PLUNC (palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone) (BPI-fold containing) proteins in major and minor salivary glands from very early fetal tissue to the end of the second trimester and thus gain further insight into the function of these proteins. Early fetal heads, and major and minor salivary glands were collected retrospectively and glands were classified according to morphodifferentiation stage. Expression of BPI-fold containing proteins was localized through immunohistochemistry. BPIFA2, the major BPI-fold containing protein in adult salivary glands, was detected only in the laryngeal pharynx; the lack of staining in salivary glands suggested salivary expression is either very late in development or is only in adult tissues. Early expression of BPIFA1 was seen in the trachea and nasal cavity with salivary gland expression only seen in late morphodifferentiation stages. BPIFB1 was seen in early neural tissue and at later stages in submandibular and sublingual glands. BPIFA1 is significantly expressed in early fetal oral tissue but BPIFB1 has extremely limited expression and the major salivary BPIF protein (BPIFA2) is not produced in fetal development. Further studies, with more sensitive techniques, will confirm the expression pattern and enable a better understanding of embryonic BPIF protein function.
Asunto(s)
Autoantígenos/análisis , Feto/química , Glicoproteínas/análisis , Fosfoproteínas/análisis , Proteínas/análisis , Glándulas Salivales/química , Proteínas y Péptidos Salivales/análisis , Epitelio/química , Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos , Desarrollo Fetal , Edad Gestacional , Cabeza/embriología , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Cuello/embriología , Hueso Paladar/química , Hueso Paladar/embriología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Glándulas Salivales/embriología , Factores de Tiempo , Lengua/química , Lengua/embriologíaRESUMEN
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine expression, not previously described, of PLUNC (palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone) (BPI-fold containing) proteins in major and minor salivary glands from very early fetal tissue to the end of the second trimester and thus gain further insight into the function of these proteins. Early fetal heads, and major and minor salivary glands were collected retrospectively and glands were classified according to morphodifferentiation stage. Expression of BPI-fold containing proteins was localized through immunohistochemistry. BPIFA2, the major BPI-fold containing protein in adult salivary glands, was detected only in the laryngeal pharynx; the lack of staining in salivary glands suggested salivary expression is either very late in development or is only in adult tissues. Early expression of BPIFA1 was seen in the trachea and nasal cavity with salivary gland expression only seen in late morphodifferentiation stages. BPIFB1 was seen in early neural tissue and at later stages in submandibular and sublingual glands. BPIFA1 is significantly expressed in early fetal oral tissue but BPIFB1 has extremely limited expression and the major salivary BPIF protein (BPIFA2) is not produced in fetal development. Further studies, with more sensitive techniques, will confirm the expression pattern and enable a better understanding of embryonic BPIF protein function.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Fosfoproteínas/análisis , Glándulas Salivales/química , Proteínas y Péptidos Salivales/análisis , Autoantígenos/análisis , Glicoproteínas/análisis , Proteínas/análisis , Feto/química , Hueso Paladar/embriología , Hueso Paladar/química , Glándulas Salivales/embriología , Factores de Tiempo , Lengua/embriología , Lengua/química , Inmunohistoquímica , Estudios Retrospectivos , Edad Gestacional , Desarrollo Fetal , Epitelio/química , Cabeza/embriología , Cuello/embriologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sleep restriction (SR) could affect the mechanisms and pathways' essentials for cancer cells in tongue cancer induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide in Wistar rats. METHODS: The animals were distributed into 4 groups of 5 animals each treated with 50 ppm 4 NQO solution through their drinking water for 4 and 12 weeks. The animals were submitted to sleep restriction for 21 days using the modified multiple platform method, which consisted of placing 5 rats in a cage (41 × 34 × 16 cm) containing 10 circular platforms (3.5 cm in diameter) with water 1 cm below the upper surface. The investigations were conducted using immunohistochemistry of p53, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins related to apoptosis and its pathways. RESULTS: Although no histopathologic abnormalities were induced in the epithelium after 4 weeks of carcinogen exposure in all groups, in 12 weeks were observed pre-neoplastic lesions. Data analysis revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in 4 weeks group for p53, and for bcl-2. Following 12 weeks of 4NQO administration, we found significant differences between SR and control groups in p53, bax, and bcl-2 immunoexpression. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that sleep restriction exerted alterations in proteins associated with proliferation and apoptosis in carcinogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/análisis , Carcinogénesis , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/análisis , Sueño/fisiología , Neoplasias de la Lengua/inducido químicamente , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/análisis , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/análisis , 4-Nitroquinolina-1-Óxido/efectos adversos , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinógenos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Epitelio/química , Epitelio/efectos de los fármacos , Leucoplasia Bucal/inducido químicamente , Leucoplasia Bucal/química , Masculino , Lesiones Precancerosas/inducido químicamente , Lesiones Precancerosas/química , Quinolonas/efectos adversos , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo , Neoplasias de la Lengua/químicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause. Malignant transformation in OLP lesions may be favored by changes in the expression of proteins that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate these issues by immunohistochemical staining for Bcl-2 and Ki-67 and by correlating histopathological findings in samples from lesions of OLP and leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia. METHODS: Data for patients with OLP or leukoplakia with moderate or severe epithelial dysplasia recorded during 2006-2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The study samples represented 37 subjects with OLP (n = 14), leukoplakia with moderate (n = 8) or severe (n = 6) epithelial dysplasia, and normal buccal mucosa (controls, n = 9). New sections were subjected to histological examination and immunohistochemistry for Bcl-2 and Ki-67 in the basal layer, suprabasal layer, and inflammatory infiltrate, respectively. RESULTS: All basal layer sections stained either negative or positive in <10% of cells for Bcl-2 in OLP (92.9% and 7.1%, respectively) and control (77.8% and 22.2%, respectively) samples. In leukoplakia, 85.7% of sections indicated positivity in <10% of cells, and 14.3% indicated positivity in 10-26% of cells. Most OLP (42.9%) and leukoplakia (64.3%) sections stained positive for Ki-67 in >50% of cells. All suprabasal sections stained either negative or positive in <10% of cells for Bcl-2 in OLP (92.9% and 7.1%, respectively), leukoplakia (42.9% and 57.1%, respectively), and control (88.9% and 11.1%, respectively) samples. Suprabasal staining for Ki-67 was negative or positive in <10% of cells in OLP (14.3% and 85.7%, respectively), leukoplakia (7.1% and 92.9%, respectively), and controls (88.9% and 11.1%, respectively). Staining for Bcl-2 in inflammatory infiltrate in OLP was positive in 92.9% of sections. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of Bcl-2 may play a dual role in tumor development and progression. Increased cell proliferation in the epithelium may present a predisposition to cancer in OLP. The expression of Ki-67 can be considered as an adjunct marker for proliferative activity in lesions with malignant potential. The prognostic value of these immunomarkers in the evaluation of precancerous oral lesions requires further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Antígeno Ki-67/análisis , Leucoplasia/química , Liquen Plano Oral/metabolismo , Mucosa Bucal/química , Lesiones Precancerosas/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/análisis , Adulto , Anciano , Epitelio/química , Epitelio/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Leucoplasia/patología , Liquen Plano Oral/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to investigate the immunolocalization of ezrin and its relationship with the podoplanin expression in keratocystic odontogenic tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The immunohistochemical expressions of ezrin and podoplanin by odontogenic epithelium were evaluated in keratocystic odontogenic tumors using monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Our results showed strong cytoplasmic ezrin and membranous podoplanin expressions in basal epithelial layer of all keratocystic odontogenic tumors. The cytoplasmic and membranous ezrin expressions were also detected in suprabasal epithelial layers of tumors. Statistically significant difference between cellular immunolocalization of ezrin and podoplanin odontogenic epithelium were found by Wilcoxon's test (p < 0.05). No correlation between both proteins in keratocystic odontogenic tumors was detected by Spearman test. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ezrin and podoplanin may contribute to the expansive growth and local invasiveness of keratocystic odontogenic tumors. Additionally, as both proteins were overexpressed by odontogenic epithelium, their possible roles need to be further explored in benign odontogenic tumors.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/análisis , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/análisis , Tumores Odontogénicos/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Membrana Celular/química , Niño , Citoplasma/química , Epitelio/química , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Neoplasias Mandibulares/química , Neoplasias Mandibulares/patología , Neoplasias Maxilares/química , Neoplasias Maxilares/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tumores Odontogénicos/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Calcifying cyst odontogenic tumour (CCOT) is a rare benign cystic neoplasm of odontogenic origin. MMPs are responsible for extracellular matrix remodelling and, together their inhibitors and inducer, determinate the level of its turnover in pathological processes, leading to an auspicious microenvironment for tumour development. Thus, our goal was to evaluate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs-2, -7, -9 and -14), their inhibitors (TIMPs-2, -3, -4 and RECK) and its inductor (EMMPRIN) expression in CCOT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 18 cases of CCOT submitted to immunolocalization of the target proteins and analysed in both neoplastic odontogenic epithelial and stromal compartments. RESULTS: All molecules evaluated were expressed in both compartments in CCOT. In epithelial layer, immunostaining for MMPs, TIMPs, RECK and EMMPRIN was found in basal, suprabasal spindle and stellate cells surrounding ghost cells and ghost cells themselves, except for MMP-9 and TIMP-2 which were only expressed by ghost cells. In stromal compartment, extracellular matrix, mesenchymal (MC) and endothelial cells (EC) were positive for MMP-2, -7, TIMP-3 and -4, while MMP-9, TIMP-2 and RECK were positive only in MC and MMP-14 only in EC. Statistical significance difference was found between both compartments for MMP-9 (P < 0.001), RECK (P = 0.004) and EMMPRIN (P < 0.001), being more expressed in epithelium than in stroma. Positive correlation between both stromal EMMPRIN and RECK expression was found (R = 0.661, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that these proteins/enzymes are differentially expressed in both epithelium and stroma of CCOT, suggesting an imbalance between MMPs and their inducer/inhibitors may contribute on the tumour behaviour.
Asunto(s)
Basigina/análisis , Proteínas Ligadas a GPI/análisis , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/análisis , Tumores Odontogénicos/química , Inhibidores Tisulares de Metaloproteinasas/análisis , Adolescente , Adulto , Células Endoteliales/química , Células Endoteliales/enzimología , Epitelio/química , Epitelio/enzimología , Matriz Extracelular/química , Matriz Extracelular/enzimología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Metaloproteinasa 14 de la Matriz/análisis , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/análisis , Metaloproteinasa 7 de la Matriz/análisis , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/análisis , Mesodermo/química , Mesodermo/enzimología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análisis , Tumores Odontogénicos/enzimología , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-2/análisis , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-3/análisis , Microambiente Tumoral , Adulto Joven , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-4RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify the expression of MCM3, Ki-67 and p27 in normal mucosa, leucoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and determine whether altered expression could serve as a prognostic marker of a malignant progression of dysplastic lesions. METHODS: The samples were collected from 37 patients with oral leucoplakia (13 with mild dysplasia - MLD, 12 with moderate dysplasia - MD and 12 with severe dysplasia - SD). Eleven samples of mouth floor mucocele (M) and 50 floor mouth and tongue samples OSCC of untreated patients were included in this study. Immunohistochemical expression of MCM3, Ki-67 and p27 of all the groups was analysed. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test were used to determine differences among groups, and a Pearson's correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between the proteins. RESULTS: Ki-67 expression was higher in OSCC than M (P < 0.001) and MLD (P < 0.01) groups, and there was a lower expression in M compared with MD and SD (P < 0.05). Regarding p27, its expression was lower in OSCC compared with M, MD and SD. MCM3 expression was lower in M compared with SD and OSCC (P < 0.001), and MLD showed a lower expression when compared SD (P < 0.01) and OSCC (P < 0.001). Moreover, a better correlation was observed between the proteins MCM3 and p27 than between Ki-67 and p27 proteins when all lesions were examined together. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that MCM3 could be a better marker than Ki-67 for evaluation of dysplastic oral lesions.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Antígeno Ki-67/análisis , Componente 3 del Complejo de Mantenimiento de Minicromosoma/análisis , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/química , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Inhibidor p27 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/análisis , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Epitelio/química , Epitelio/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Leucoplasia Bucal/química , Leucoplasia Bucal/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Suelo de la Boca/química , Mucosa Bucal/química , Neoplasias de la Boca/química , Mucocele/metabolismo , Mucocele/patología , Lesiones Precancerosas/química , Pronóstico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/análisis , Fumar/metabolismo , Fumar/patología , Neoplasias de la Lengua/química , Neoplasias de la Lengua/patologíaRESUMEN
Purpose To compare the histological characteristics of keratinized versus non-keratinized onlay island flaps in an experimental rabbit model. Materials and Methods Sixteen male rabbits were randomly allocated into two experimental groups: keratinized and non-keratinized onlay island flaps. A defect was created in the ventral aspect of the penile urethra. In the keratinized group, a longitudinal island flap was harvested from the external prepuce and rotated to cover the urethral defect. In the non-keratinized group a transverse island flap was harvested from the inner prepuce. The animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Results The flaps were viable in all animals, and no deaths were associated with the procedure. Two urethrocutaneous fistulas were identified, one in each experimental group. A similar pattern of fibrosis was identified in both groups. The keratinized epithelium of the external prepuce kept its histological aspect and keratin production. Both keratinized and non-keratinized groups presented a slight decrease on the epithelial thickness, however without a statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusions In this short-term rabbit model, we observed that the stratified squamous keratinized epithelium from the external prepuce kept its keratin production. There was no statistical influence of the flap type on the mean epithelial thickness. .
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Animales , Masculino , Conejos , Prepucio/cirugía , Modelos Animales , Colgajos Quirúrgicos , Uretra/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/métodos , Epitelio/química , Prepucio/química , Queratinas , Distribución Aleatoria , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Cateterismo UrinarioRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare the histological characteristics of keratinized versus non-keratinized onlay island flaps in an experimental rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen male rabbits were randomly allocated into two experimental groups: keratinized and non-keratinized onlay island flaps. A defect was created in the ventral aspect of the penile urethra. In the keratinized group, a longitudinal island flap was harvested from the external prepuce and rotated to cover the urethral defect. In the non-keratinized group a transverse island flap was harvested from the inner prepuce. The animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. RESULTS: The flaps were viable in all animals, and no deaths were associated with the procedure. Two urethrocutaneous fistulas were identified, one in each experimental group. A similar pattern of fibrosis was identified in both groups. The keratinized epithelium of the external prepuce kept its histological aspect and keratin production. Both keratinized and non-keratinized groups presented a slight decrease on the epithelial thickness, however without a statistically significant difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this short-term rabbit model, we observed that the stratified squamous keratinized epithelium from the external prepuce kept its keratin production. There was no statistical influence of the flap type on the mean epithelial thickness.
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Prepucio/cirugía , Modelos Animales , Colgajos Quirúrgicos , Uretra/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/métodos , Animales , Epitelio/química , Prepucio/química , Queratinas , Masculino , Conejos , Distribución Aleatoria , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Cateterismo UrinarioRESUMEN
This study presents the morphological description and histochemical characterization of gill filaments of the Brazilian endemic bivalve Diplodon expansus, aiming to broaden the morphological knowledge of this species and establish the structure of the gills that will serve as control in histopathological studies applied to biomonitoring. The gill filaments are divided into three zones: frontal, intermediate, and abfrontal. In the center of the filament, haemocytes circulate through the haemolymph vessel, which is internally lined by endothelium. The frontal surface of the filament is covered with cilia, the lateral surface exhibits aquifer ducts, and the abfrontal surface presents ciliated and nonciliated cells. The epithelium of the filaments is composed of ciliated cells, nonciliated absorptive cells, and mucocytes. The support of the filaments is made by two specialized structures called skeletal rod and skeletal loop. Based on the obtained information, the gill filaments of the studied species present some peculiar characteristics that are not yet reported in detail in the literature such as the simultaneous presence of skeletal rod and skeletal loop. On the other hand, the general constitution of the filament is similar to that described for both marine and limnic bivalves and seems to be suitable for ecotoxicological studies.
Asunto(s)
Bivalvos/anatomía & histología , Bivalvos/química , Branquias/ultraestructura , Histocitoquímica/métodos , Animales , Brasil , Cilios/química , Colágeno/química , Células Endoteliales/química , Epitelio/química , Branquias/química , Hemocitos/química , Hemolinfa/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
The venom gland apparatus of Bothrops jararaca is composed of four distinct parts: main venom gland, primary duct, accessory gland and secondary duct. Despite the numerous studies concerning morphology and venom production and secretion in the main venom gland, there are few studies about the accessory gland and its secretion. We characterized the accessory gland of B. jararaca snake and determined the secretion cycle by morphological analysis using light and transmission electron microscopy. Our data showed that the accessory gland of B. jararaca has a simple secretory epithelium with at least six types of cells in the anterior region: two types of secretory cells, mitochondria-rich cells without secretory vesicles, horizontal cells, dark cells and basal cells, and in the posterior region a simple epithelium with two types of cells: seromucous cells and horizontal cells. Furthermore, the mucous secretory cells of the accessory gland show a delayed and massive exocytosis that occurs four days after the extraction of venom. Morphological analysis at different steps after venom extraction showed that the accessory gland has a long cycle of production and secretion, which is not synchronous with the main venom gland secretory cycle.
Asunto(s)
Bothrops/anatomía & histología , Venenos de Crotálidos/biosíntesis , Venenos de Crotálidos/metabolismo , Glándulas Exocrinas/metabolismo , Animales , Epitelio/química , Glándulas Exocrinas/citología , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Mitocondrias/química , Vesículas Secretoras/químicaRESUMEN
A selective and simple analytical method for the trace level determination of carbofuran in complex environmental and biological samples was developed based on immunoaffinity extraction (IAE) followed by on-line preconcentration and HPLC/UV analysis of the purified extract. The immunosorbent for IAE was prepared by sol-gel encapsulation of monoclonal anti-carbofuran antibodies, and was fully characterized for capacity, repeatability, binding strength, binding kinetics and cross-reactivity. Method performance was evaluated with two different types of difficult samples: dam water and methanolic extracts of epithelial cervical-uterine tissue. Linear behavior and quantitative recoveries were obtained from the analysis of samples spiked with carbofuran at 0.2-4 ng/mL (dam water, 50 mL samples) and 10-40 ng/mL (biological tissue extract, 2 mL samples). RSD (n=7) and detection limits were, respectively, 10.1% (spike 0.40 ng/mL) and 0.13 ng/mL for dam water; 8.5% (spike 20 ng/mL) and 5 ng/mL for the biological tissue extract. The excellent sample purification achieved with the IAE column allows precise and accurate determination of carbofuran in complex matrices, even when using non-selective UV detection in the chromatographic analysis.
Asunto(s)
Carbofurano/análisis , Cuello del Útero/química , Fraccionamiento Químico/métodos , Cromatografía de Afinidad/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Adsorción , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/química , Calibración , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Epitelio/química , Femenino , Geles , Humanos , Proteínas Inmovilizadas/química , Insecticidas/análisis , Límite de Detección , Metanol/química , Transición de Fase , AguaRESUMEN
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic agonist compound that induces changes in diverse reproductive parameters in rats. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of BPA given in drinking water containing 10mg/L (approximate dose 1.2mg/kg BW/day), administered chronically to rats during pregnancy and lactation, on reproductive tract parameters of the offspring. 79.2% of the female offspring from BPA-treated mothers presented irregular estrous cycles. As compared to the control group, a significant increase in the thickness of the uterine epithelia and stroma was observed in the BPA group. Additionally, 60% of the female offspring from BPA mothers did not undergo abundant uterine epithelial apoptosis during the estrus phase of the cycle while control animals did. In addition, a down regulation of ERα expression was observed in epithelial cells on estrus day. The results indicate that BPA, when administered chronically in water beverages to dams, modifies the reproductive cycle of the offspring during young adulthood.
Asunto(s)
Estrógenos no Esteroides/toxicidad , Fenoles/toxicidad , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Epitelio/anatomía & histología , Epitelio/química , Epitelio/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/análisis , Estrógenos no Esteroides/administración & dosificación , Ciclo Estral/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Lactancia , Fenoles/administración & dosificación , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Reproducción/fisiología , Útero/anatomía & histología , Útero/química , Útero/efectos de los fármacos , AguaRESUMEN
There are no reports in literature about functional roles of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF-9) in tooth development in animals with complete tooth pattern. The classical model for studying tooth development is the mouse, which has small number of teeth and distinctive incisor and molar patterns. The opossum Didelphis albiventris with five upper and four lower incisors, one canine, three premolars, and four molars, on each side of the jaw, seems to be a convenient model to test results obtained in the mouse. Molecular expression studies indicate that FGF-9 participates in murine tooth initiation and regulation of morphogenesis. Searching for similarities and differences in FGF-9 expression between the opossum and the mouse, amino acid sequence and expression pattern of FGF-9 in the developing first molars of D. albiventris were characterised. FGF-9 cDNA sequence was obtained using RT-PCR and expressed in bacterial system for recombinant protein production and analysis of immunoreactivity. FGF-9 expression during tooth development was investigated by immunoperoxidase method. FGF-9 protein consists in a 209-residue polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 23.5 kDa. FGF-9 amino acid sequence has 98% of sequence identity to human and 97% to rodents. During tooth development, epithelial FGF-9 expression was seen at the dental lamina stage. Mesenchymal expression was seen at the bud stage and at the cap stage. No significant expression was found in the enamel knot. While in rodents FGF-9 is involved in initiation and regulation of tooth shape, it is suggested that it is only involved in tooth initiation in D. albiventris.
Asunto(s)
Didelphis/fisiología , Factor 9 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/genética , Diente Molar/crecimiento & desarrollo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , ADN Circular/análisis , Didelphis/genética , Perros , Epitelio/química , Femenino , Factor 9 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/análisis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/genética , Humanos , Mesodermo/química , Ratones , Ratas , Proteínas Recombinantes/análisis , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoRESUMEN
In this study we histologically and histochemically describe the ventriculus of Dolichoderus bispinosus. The epithelium consists of two basic cell types, highly basophilic generative cells, and digestive cells. The latter present several cytoplasmic vesicles, rich in acidic and neutral polysaccharides, and basic proteins. Also, these cells exhibit an apocrine secretion pattern. A mass of fibrous material is observed on the surface of the epithelium. Finally, we discuss the results obtained.
Asunto(s)
Tracto Gastrointestinal/anatomía & histología , Himenópteros/anatomía & histología , Animales , Epitelio/anatomía & histología , Epitelio/química , Tracto Gastrointestinal/química , Histocitoquímica , Himenópteros/química , Proteínas de Insectos/aislamiento & purificación , Polisacáridos/químicaRESUMEN
Although regression of the endometrium during the rat estrous cycle is a well-recognized event, little is known concerning the mechanisms involved in triggering apoptosis in the rat uterine epithelium. In an attempt to have a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying apoptosis during estrus, we evaluated the expression of several key apoptotic genes of the bcl-2 family during the transition from proestrus to estrus day in the rat. Our results show significant changes in the expression of bcl-2 family genes at midnight before estrus, characterized by a significant increase in the pro-apoptotic ratios: Bax/Bcl-2 and Bcl-xS/Bcl-xL at both mRNA and protein levels. Our results indicate the existence of a positive relation between apoptosis and pro-apoptotic ratios of bcl-2 gene family expression, during the transition from proestrus to estrus day. Importantly, pro-apoptotic signals were detected before ovulation occurred. The overall results suggest that the apoptotic process of the rat endometrium begins at midnight before the day of estrus, may be mediated by Bcl-2 family genes, and precedes ovulation.