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OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether diagnostic assessment methods used on radiographs in humans with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) can be used in cats. METHODS: The ventrodorsal (VD) extended-leg and VD frog-leg pelvic radiographs of 20 cats with SCFE without fully displaced femoral capital epiphyses (FCE), eight cats with fully displaced FCE and five control cats with normal pelvic anatomy were assessed by five observers on two separate occasions 3 months apart. The Klein's line and modified Klein's line were assessed on each VD extended-leg radiograph, and the S-sign was assessed on each VD extended-leg and VD frog-leg radiograph. RESULTS: Excluding cases of fully displaced FCE, the S-sign on the VD frog-leg radiographs more accurately diagnosed SCFE than the S-sign on the VD extended-leg radiographs and the Klein's line (92.4% vs 88.8% vs 60.6%, respectively), and had the greatest sensitivity (93.9% vs 79.2% vs 30.6%, respectively). The S-sign on the VD extended-leg radiographs had greater specificity than the Klein's line and S-sign on the VD frog-leg radiographs (99.2% vs 97.9% vs 90.9%, respectively). The modified Klein's line detected SCFE in 40.2% of cases that were negative for the Klein's line. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The S-sign in both VD extended-leg and VD frog-leg views successfully detected SCFE in cats and can be used to increase early diagnosis and treatment in cats with SCFE that have only subtle radiographic changes.

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Objectives From May 2009 to January 2015, 208 Maine Coon cats presented to the Tierklinik Hollabrunn - a small animal referral and first-opinion centre - and 17 (8.17%) cats were diagnosed with a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Over the same time period, 29 (0.67%) of 4348 cats (all breeds) were diagnosed with SCFE. Methods Clinical and orthopaedic examinations and diagnostic imaging were performed on all affected Maine Coons. Age at first presentation, sex, body weight, body condition score (BCS), unilateral or bilateral manifestation of the disease, activity level and duration of lameness, age at neutering and known family history of disease were recorded. Sixteen of 17 Maine Coons were surgically treated. Surgically removed femoral tissue samples were histologically examined in 13 cases. Results The mean age at first presentation was 21.47 months; male to female ratio was 16:1; mean body weight was 7.5 kg (range 5.3-9.3 kg); and mean BCS was 5.06/9.0. Seven cats were bilaterally affected; the median duration of decreased activity level and lameness was 2 weeks; mean age at neutering was 7.7 months (range 3.0-12.0 months); and four cats were littermates. Fourteen femoral head and neck ostectomies, eight total hip replacements and one primary fixation were performed. All 13 histologically available samples confirmed the diagnosis of SCFE. Conclusions and relevance To date, SCFE has been reported only occasionally in Maine Coon cats. However, the results of this study showed that Maine Coons were approximately 12-fold more likely to develop SCFE than the overall population of cats presenting to the Tierklinik Hollabrunn over the same time period. Male sex, neutering, delayed physeal closure and breed-specific high body weight may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SCFE in Maine Coon cats.

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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate dogs diagnosed with slipped femoral capital epiphysis which were treated by total hip replacement. METHODS: Clinical and radiographic records of consecutive cases of slipped femoral capital epiphysis treated by total hip replacement were reviewed. Longer-term follow-up was by owner questionnaire. RESULTS: Fifteen cases were identified; 14 were affected unilaterally, 1 bilaterally. Median age at presentation was 13 months (range 6 to 30); median weight was 35 kg (range 10 to 66). Radiographically, proximal femoral sclerosis was evident in 13 of 16 hips. Thirteen hybrid and three cemented total hip replacements were performed. One dog had a stem complication five months postoperatively necessitating explantation. All other total hip replacements remained functional. At four weeks postoperatively lameness and pain scores were improved in all cases. Fourteen total hip replacements were examined after three months. Lameness was mild in 2 limbs and absent in 12; pain on manipulation was not apparent in any case. Significant radiographic complications were not encountered. Telephone questionnaires were performed for 14 cases (15 total hip replacements) at a median of 22 months postoperatively (range 8 to 45). Lameness was reportedly absent for 12 limbs and intermittent in 3. All owners felt that their dogs' quality of life was good. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Total hip replacement can be a successful technique to treat slipped femoral capital epiphysis.

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