RESUMEN
Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os sentidos atribuídos à vivência da depressão por idosos. Trata-se de campo, do tipo transversal e de abordagem qualitativa. Para a caracterização dos participantes foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico e para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a Entrevista Narrativa de Doença - McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI), entrevista semiestruturada, traduzida, adaptada e validada para o Brasil. Foram analisadas 8 narrativas segundo a metodologia Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin, 2011), e foram sistematizadas as seguintes categorias: (I) A depressão atrelada aos sentidos sociais, agrupando as narrativas que apontam o estigma deste adoecimento psíquico, sendo principalmente relacionando com a loucura; (II) Sentimentos vinculados a depressão e suas repercussões nos laços sociais, incluindo falas sobre a irritabilidade, desânimo e inibição, e necessidade do reconhecimento do outro em relação ao seu sofrimento; e (III) Depressão associada às perdas e lutos de uma vida, havendo correlação entre a depressão na velhice como um acúmulo sucessivas perdas familiares. Os sentidos atrelados a depressão na velhice identificada nessa pesquisa envolvem a dificuldade de nomeação desse sofrimento para além do diagnóstico psiquiátrico e ressalta a necessidade de elaboração de lutos e amparo subjetivo.(AU)
This article aims to analyze the meanings attributed by the elderly to the experience of depression. This is a field research, cross-sectional field study and with a qualitative approach. For the characterization of the participants, a sociodemographic questionnaire was used and for data collection, the Narrative Interview of Disease - McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI), semi-structured interview, translated, adapted and validated for Brazil was used. Eight narratives were analyzed according to the Content Analysis methodology (Bardin, 2011), and the following categories were systematized: (I) Depression linked to social senses, grouping the narratives that point out the stigma of this psychic illness, being mainly related to madness ; (II) Feelings linked to depression and their repercussions on social ties, including statements about irritability, discouragement and inhibition, and the need to recognize the other in relation to their suffering; and (III) Depression associated with the losses and mourning of a lifetime, with an association between depression in old age as an accumulation of successive family losses. The meanings linked to depression in old age identified in this research involve the difficulty of naming this suffering beyond the psychiatric diagnosis and emphasizes the need to elaborate grief and subjective support.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Depresión , Anciano , Psicología , Envejecimiento Prematuro/psicologíaRESUMEN
There is evidence suggesting that immunosenescence can be accelerated by external factors such as chronic stress. Here we review potential psychoneuroendocrine determinants of premature aging of the immune system and discuss available interventions aimed at attenuating immunosenescence. Chronic stress may accelerate various features of immunosenescence by activating key allostatic systems, notably the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The immunological impact of such neuroendocrine dysregulation may be further amplified by a dramatic decline in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels, acting in part as an endogenous glucocorticoid antagonist. Stress-buffering strategies show beneficial effects on various biomarkers in elderly populations. Likewise, supplementation of DHEA, melatonin or growth hormone has yielded significant beneficial effects in a number of studies, including: increased well-being, memory performance, bone mineral density and improved immunocompetence as evidenced by results of in vitro (T cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, cytokine production), and in vivo immune challenges. However, the side-effects of hormonal supplementation are also discussed. Finally, moderate exercise via the promotion of cortisol/DHEA balance or epigenetic modifications, is associated with lower serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, greater lymphoproliferative responses and lower counts of senescent T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that immune system is plastic and immunosenescence can be attenuated psychoneuroendocrine interventions.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/inmunología , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Envejecimiento/psicología , Envejecimiento Prematuro/fisiopatología , Envejecimiento Prematuro/psicología , Envejecimiento Prematuro/terapia , Deshidroepiandrosterona/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Ghrelina/uso terapéutico , Hormona de Crecimiento Humana/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Masculino , Melatonina/uso terapéutico , Actividad Motora , Neuroinmunomodulación/fisiología , Sistemas Neurosecretores/inmunología , Sistemas Neurosecretores/fisiología , Apoyo Social , Estrés Fisiológico/inmunologíaRESUMEN
This work is part of a qualitative socio-cultural investigation with a group of men and women 40 years and older in the maquila export industry in Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. In 1994, as a result of the North American Free Trade Agreement, maquila plants combined traditional intensive work methods with new "just in time" production norms that impacted work and health conditions, particularly in older, or aging, workers. The workers that were interviewed for this study show a reduction in their functional ability to work starting at 40 years of age. Work organization demands, general health conditions, and a decrease in physical abilities brings these 40-year-old workers to prematurely construct an image of themselves as aging workers and to develop coping strategies that vary by gender.