RESUMEN
The SIVO prosthesis, developed by Pr A. Fourcin (London), is an aid to lip reading for profoundly deaf patients with residual hearing at low frequencies below 500 Hz. This prosthesis reduces the complexity of the acoustic wave of speech to sa simple sinusoidal wave, allowing better perception of the fundamental frequency of the voice and its variations, i.e. pitch and intonation. The inclusion assessment of patients is twofold: evaluation of the perception of language (audiometry and computerised video tests evaluating the capacities for recognition of sounds and for lip reading), evaluation of voice production and language. Orthophonic re-education depends on the results of the various tests performed and is based on computer programmes, allowing better feed-back by visual control. As a result of the progress in computer and video technology, these tests can be standardised and used not only for candidates for the SIVO prosthesis, but also for all profoundly deaf subjects.
Asunto(s)
Sordera/rehabilitación , Audífonos , Audiometría , Recursos Audiovisuales , Sistemas de Computación , Humanos , Habla , Entrenamiento de la Voz/métodosRESUMEN
The results of a treatment procedure using meaningful minimal contrasts are reported. The procedure was successful in reducing the frequency of the following processes: final consonant deletion, stopping of fricatives, and fronting of velars, which were exhibited in the speech of two children with phonological disability. Generalization of response to non-treatment words was also evidenced.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Voz/terapia , Entrenamiento de la Voz/métodos , Preescolar , Generalización Psicológica , Humanos , Masculino , Proyectos de Investigación , Habla/fisiología , Trastornos de la Voz/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Baseline EMG measures of general laryngeal area muscle tension while speaking and during silence were taken from a group of 21 normal subjects and 7 subjects diagnosed through indirect laryngoscopy as having vocal nodules. In an attempt to reduce their baseline scores, the vocal nodule patients underwent 8 EMG biofeedback training sessions followed by a 2-week follow-up session. Sophisticated listeners then judged the qualities of the voices produced during the base-line and follow-up sessions. Measures of sound pressure levels for the speech samples were also taken to determine their effects on EMG scores. Results of the statistical analyses revealed that significant differences in general laryngeal area muscle tension while speaking and in silence exist between normal and pathological subjects; and that subjects with vocal nodules could significantly reduce these tension levels with EMG biofeedback training. A positive correlation was then found between the EMG measures and the judgments of voice qualities. No correlations were found between EMG measures and sound pressure levels.
Asunto(s)
Biorretroalimentación Psicológica , Electromiografía , Trastornos de la Voz/terapia , Entrenamiento de la Voz/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Músculos Laríngeos/fisiopatología , Masculino , Trastornos de la Voz/fisiopatología , Calidad de la VozRESUMEN
In this study, six patients who were judged to produce speech with excessive laryngeal tension participated in 14 30-min biofeedback training sessions. The EMG signal, measured by bipolar surface electrodes placed over the cricothyroid region, was amplified, integrated, and used to control the output of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and a noise generator. A voltage comparator was used as a threshold device. Thus, the noise generator was activated when the EMG activity exceeded the value selected on the comparator, and the VCO was activated when the EMG signal was below threshold. The results demonstrated that three of the subjects reduced the laryngeal EMG activity used during speech production with a concomitant improvement in voice quality. The voice quality of the three remaining subjects was unchanged. Suggestions are made for modifying the equipment and procedures used in this study for routine clinical use of EMG biofeedback.
Asunto(s)
Biorretroalimentación Psicológica/fisiología , Electromiografía , Músculos Laríngeos/fisiopatología , Músculos/fisiopatología , Trastornos de la Voz/terapia , Potenciales de Acción , Adulto , Afonía/terapia , Femenino , Ronquera/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medición de la Producción del Habla , Trastornos de la Voz/fisiopatología , Entrenamiento de la Voz/instrumentación , Entrenamiento de la Voz/métodosRESUMEN
Surgical speech rehabilitation after total laryngectomy by the three procedures of Prof. Staffieri is based on the principle of establishing a short fistula lined by pharyngeal mucosa between trachea and hypopharynx. It permits voluntary air pressure control for voice production while preventing aspiration during deglutition. In a single-stage procedure the "neoglottis phonatoria" is established on the occasion of the laryngectomy at the top of the trachea. In cases of prevoius laryngectomy a shunt is established between the trachea dorsal wall and the oesophagus, either cranially (direct internal shunt) or more caudally (retrograde internal shunt). The three methods are described, and the one-way function of the different fistulas are demonstrated. The percentage of successful voice restorations that remain free from swallowing difficulties in 700 patients, subjected to these techniques in Europe and Overseas is between 60 and 90%. The main advantage of this operation, which is easy to perform and without risk for the patient, is the wide oncologic spectrum of indications.
Asunto(s)
Laringectomía , Faringe/cirugía , Voz Alaríngea , Tráquea/cirugía , Humanos , Trastornos del Habla/rehabilitación , Entrenamiento de la Voz/métodosRESUMEN
In the last of 5 articles on the benefits of applied phoniatrics hints are given on the differentiation between laryngeal inflammations and tumours. Voice rehabiliation after laryngeal surgery (laryngofissure, partial laryngectomy, total laryngetomy) is demonstrated. Disorders of voice caused by intubation are also described.