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1.
BMC Infect Dis ; 19(1): 66, 2019 Jan 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30658592

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii. Its incidence at 2 years or more after liver transplant (LT) is < 0.1%. PCP-related spontaneous pneumothorax and/or pneumomediastinum is rare in patients without the human immunodeficiency virus, with an incidence of 0.4-4%. CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old woman who had split-graft deceased-donor LT for primary biliary cirrhosis developed fever, dyspnea and dry coughing at 25 months after transplant. Her immunosuppressants included tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone. PCP infection was confirmed by molecular detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii,in bronchoalveolar lavage. On day-10 trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, her chest X-ray showed subcutaneous emphysema bilaterally, right pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Computed tomography of the thorax confirmed the presence of right pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. She was managed with 7-day right-sided chest drain and a 21-day course of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole before discharge. CONCLUSION: Longer period of PCP prophylaxis should be considered in patients who have a higher risk compared to general LT patients. High index of clinical suspicion, prompt diagnosis and treatment with ongoing patient reassessment to detect and exclude rare, potentially fatal but treatable complications are essential, especially when clinical deterioration has developed.


Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Enfisema Mediastínico/microbiología , Pneumocystis carinii/patogenicidad , Neumonía por Pneumocystis/microbiología , Neumotórax/microbiología , Anciano , Profilaxis Antibiótica , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Enfisema Mediastínico/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfisema Mediastínico/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía por Pneumocystis/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfisema Subcutáneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfisema Subcutáneo/microbiología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Combinación Trimetoprim y Sulfametoxazol/uso terapéutico
2.
J Emerg Med ; 46(1): 21-7, 2014 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24188603

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous emphysema of a limb after acute injury is classically associated with gas gangrene. Delayed management can result in amputation and death. Typically caused by a clostridial infection, patients are unwell, with rapidly spreading clinical signs, abnormal laboratory results, and cultures positive. There are reports of widespread subcutaneous emphysema of a limb in well-appearing patients, with blood parameters within normal limits; however, the optimum management of this type of case is unclear. OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to present 4 new cases of acute subcutaneous emphysema in well-appearing patients managed with early surgery, review the literature, and discuss the management decisions in cases of acute subcutaneous emphysema in clinically well patients. CASE REPORTS: Here we present a case series of 4 patients, all with penetrating injuries to the upper limb resulting in widespread subcutaneous emphysema within 24 h of injury. Mean age was 33 years. All were fit and well, with the exception of one with type 1 diabetes, no cardiorespiratory compromise, and no significant derangement of laboratory investigations. X-ray studies showed widespread gas within the soft tissues. All were treated aggressively with immediate surgical fasciotomy of the upper limb, thorough debridement, and washout as required. Gram stains revealed pus cells (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) in all, but organisms in only one case (Gram-positive cocci and bacilli). Prolonged culture grew organisms in all. All patients had a second washout and closure plus 6 weeks of antibiotics. All survived and had fully functioning limbs. Why should an emergency physician be aware of this? We recommend having a low threshold for rapid referral to an appropriate surgical speciality, allowing prompt and radical surgical management of this type of presentation, even in the presence of a well patient.


Asunto(s)
Desbridamiento , Enfisema Subcutáneo/terapia , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Fasciotomía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Enfisema Subcutáneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfisema Subcutáneo/microbiología , Irrigación Terapéutica , Extremidad Superior/cirugía , Heridas Penetrantes/complicaciones , Adulto Joven
4.
Ugeskr Laeger ; 172(39): 2694-5, 2010 Sep 27.
Artículo en Danés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20920399

RESUMEN

Subcutaneous emphysema involving the upper limb can result from infection with gas-producing microorganisms or from a variety of non-infective causes. This case illustrates the reflections that should be made in such cases to avoid over- or undertreating the patient.


Asunto(s)
Enfisema Subcutáneo/diagnóstico , Extremidad Superior , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Radiografía , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/cirugía , Enfisema Subcutáneo/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfisema Subcutáneo/microbiología , Enfisema Subcutáneo/cirugía , Extremidad Superior/diagnóstico por imagen
7.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 63(1): 108-10, 2009 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19004591
8.
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech ; 18(3): 308-9, 2008 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18574425

RESUMEN

Subcutaneous emphysema after laparoscopic surgery is not uncommon but infection of the subcutaneous space because of gas forming organisms causing emphysema after a laparoscopic procedure is an extremely rare entity. We report a case of infective subcutaneous emphysema after laparoscopic rectopexy.


Asunto(s)
Laparoscopía/efectos adversos , Recto/cirugía , Enfisema Subcutáneo/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Enfisema Subcutáneo/microbiología , Enfisema Subcutáneo/cirugía
10.
Clin Orthop Relat Res ; 461: 20-4, 2007 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17483728

RESUMEN

Clostridium perfringens is a rare, life-threatening infection. We present an atypical evolution of spontaneous Clostridium perfringens myonecrosis in a monitored healthy patient. After a head injury, the hemodynamically stable patient became febrile and grew cultures of Clostridium perfringens with no identifiable focus. Antibiotics were initiated. Seventy-two hours after culture results, the patient complained of shoulder pain and imaging revealed periscapular subcutaneous emphysema. Multiple surgical débridements of the necrotic supraspinatus muscle were required to eradicate the infection. The unique features of this patient include the opportunity to (1) follow the progression of clostridial myonecrosis in a healthy patient in a monitored setting and (2) study the extended period of time between positive cultures and the onset of clinical myonecrosis, a feature at odds with the classic rapid progression.


Asunto(s)
Clostridium perfringens , Gangrena Gaseosa/terapia , Músculo Esquelético/microbiología , Hombro , Enfisema Subcutáneo/microbiología , Adulto , Desbridamiento , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Gangrena Gaseosa/cirugía , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Necrosis , Radiografía , Hombro/diagnóstico por imagen , Hombro/microbiología , Hombro/patología , Enfisema Subcutáneo/diagnóstico por imagen
13.
Hand Surg ; 10(2-3): 255-9, 2005.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16568523

RESUMEN

We present a case of recurrent cutaneous nocardiosis following a high pressure air injection injury which was treated conservatively. The patient subsequently developed multiple chronic granulomatous nodules in the palm and dorsum of the hand requiring repeated surgical debridements and long term antibiotics for complete resolution. Some reports suggest that high pressure injection injuries of air or water run a benign course and may be treated conservatively. However, inoculation by high pressure injection injury of air or water may result in chronic infections, which cause significant morbidity and are a therapeutic challenge. Although uncommon, they may be avoided by adherence to established treatment principles which include prompt recognition, realisation of its severity and aggressive treatment by open wound management, even for seemingly innocuous trauma or inoculum.


Asunto(s)
Nocardiosis/etiología , Enfisema Subcutáneo/microbiología , Heridas Penetrantes/complicaciones , Accidentes de Trabajo , Adulto , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Enfermedad Crónica , Desbridamiento , Mano , Humanos , Masculino , Nocardiosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Nocardiosis/terapia , Presión , Radiografía , Enfisema Subcutáneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfisema Subcutáneo/etiología , Heridas Penetrantes/tratamiento farmacológico , Heridas Penetrantes/microbiología
15.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 21(12): 1173-4, 2002 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12506954

RESUMEN

A previously healthy 13-year-old boy developed extensive subcutaneous emphysema of the lower limb after a penetrating injury to the knee. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from the wound. Despite surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotics, the emphysema recurred, and prolonged antibiotic treatment was required. This case highlights the distinction between gas gangrene and the lesser known entity of clostridial crepitant cellulitis.


Asunto(s)
Celulitis (Flemón)/microbiología , Clostridium perfringens/aislamiento & purificación , Gangrena Gaseosa/diagnóstico , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/microbiología , Enfisema Subcutáneo/microbiología , Adolescente , Celulitis (Flemón)/diagnóstico por imagen , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Estudios de Seguimiento , Gangrena Gaseosa/terapia , Humanos , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/complicaciones , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Penicilinas/administración & dosificación , Radiografía , Recurrencia , Medición de Riesgo , Enfisema Subcutáneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfisema Subcutáneo/terapia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Heridas Penetrantes/complicaciones
17.
Can J Surg ; 37(3): 245-9, 1994 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8199947

RESUMEN

The association between invasive Clostridium septicum infection and colorectal carcinoma is examined by the presentation of three cases and a review of the literature. In the first two cases the patients presented with nontraumatic metastatic clostridial gas gangrene. In the third case a patient with chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression from concomitant multiple myeloma had a necrotizing transmural infection of the right colon. The apparent portal of entry of Clostridium septicum was an occult carcinoma of the ascending colon. The increasing evidence for a strong link between this organism and some cases of neutropenic enterocolitis is reviewed.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Ciego/complicaciones , Infecciones por Clostridium/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Colon/complicaciones , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/complicaciones , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células en Anillo de Sello/complicaciones , Enterocolitis/microbiología , Gangrena Gaseosa/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Mieloma Múltiple/complicaciones , Enfermedades Musculares/microbiología , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/complicaciones , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/complicaciones , Enfisema Subcutáneo/microbiología
18.
J Foot Surg ; 31(1): 85-7, 1992.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1573175

RESUMEN

Nonclostridial cellulitis with concomitant gas formation in the plantar tissues of the foot is seldomly reported in the literature. The event itself, however, may actually be relatively common. A review of the literature and a case study involving a diabetic patient is presented, along with a review of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.


Asunto(s)
Celulitis (Flemón)/microbiología , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas , Infecciones Estreptocócicas , Enfisema Subcutáneo/complicaciones , Celulitis (Flemón)/complicaciones , Celulitis (Flemón)/terapia , Enfermedades del Pie/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Pie/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/terapia , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/terapia , Enfisema Subcutáneo/microbiología , Enfisema Subcutáneo/terapia
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