RESUMEN

Otitis externa is an inflammatory disease of the external ear canal of complex and multifactorial etiology associated with recurrent bacterial infection. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of promethazine against bacterial isolates from dogs with otitis externa, as well as the effect of this compound on the dynamics of biofilm formation over 120 h. Planktonic bacterial susceptibility to promethazine was evaluated to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was also determined by broth microdilution. To evaluate the effect on biofilm growth, promethazine was tested at three concentrations MIC, MIC/2 and MIC/8, with daily readings at 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. The MICs of promethazine ranged from 48.83 to 781.25 µg mL-1. Promethazine significantly (P < 0.05) reduced mature biofilm biomass, with MBECs ranging from 48.8 to 6250 µg mL-1 and reduced (P < 0.01) biofilm formation for up to the 120-h, at concentrations corresponding to the MIC obtained against each isolate. Promethazine was effective against microorganisms associated with canine otitis externa. The data suggest that promethazine presents antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity and is a potential alternative to treat and prevent recurrent bacterial otitis in dogs. These results emphasize the importance of drug repurposing in veterinary otology as an alternative to reduce antimicrobial resistance.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Biopelículas , Enfermedades de los Perros , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Otitis Externa , Prometazina , Animales , Perros , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Prometazina/farmacología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Otitis Externa/microbiología , Otitis Externa/veterinaria , Otitis Externa/tratamiento farmacológico , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación

RESUMEN

In recent years, vector-borne diseases have become widespread throughout the world and affect the health of humans and domestic animals. These diseases spread to areas where their primary vectors, fleas and ticks, thrive, particularly in tropical and subtropical climate regions, providing ideal conditions for their proliferation. The growing closeness between people and their pets increases the likelihood of bites from these ectoparasites, which represents a latent zoonotic risk. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the presence of Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Bartonella spp. in dogs treated at the Small Animal Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, located in Lima, Peru. Blood samples from 214 dogs were molecularly analyzed for hemopathogen detection. The results revealed prevalences of 2.6 % (6/214) for Anaplasma platys, 5.14 % (11/214) for Ehrlichia canis, and 0.46 % (1/214) for Bartonella rochalimae. No statistically significant relationship was found between the animal infection and the age, sex, breed, presence of fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), and locality. This study reported molecularly for the first time the presence of A. platys, E. canis, and B. rochalimae in dogs from Lima city, and demonstrates the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in pets treated at the veterinary clinic.

Asunto(s)

Anaplasma , Anaplasmosis , Infecciones por Bartonella , Bartonella , Enfermedades de los Perros , Ehrlichia , Animales , Perros , Perú/epidemiología , Anaplasma/genética , Anaplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Bartonella/genética , Bartonella/aislamiento & purificación , Ehrlichia/aislamiento & purificación , Ehrlichia/genética , Infecciones por Bartonella/veterinaria , Infecciones por Bartonella/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bartonella/microbiología , Anaplasmosis/epidemiología , Anaplasmosis/microbiología , Masculino , Femenino , Ehrlichiosis/veterinaria , Ehrlichiosis/epidemiología , Ehrlichiosis/microbiología , Prevalencia , Hospitales Veterinarios , Ehrlichia canis/genética , Ehrlichia canis/aislamiento & purificación , Garrapatas/microbiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Zoonotic sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis has become the main subcutaneous mycosis in Brazil. Minas Gerais (MG) is located in southeast Brazil and since 2015 has experienced an epidemic of zoonotic sporotrichosis. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to reconstruct the epidemiological scenario of sporotrichosis from S. brasiliensis in recent epizooty in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH), MG. METHODS: A total of 95 Sporothrix spp. isolates (Sporothirx brasiliensis n = 74, S. schenckii n = 11 and S. globosa n = 10) were subjected to Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping and mating-type analysis to determine genetic diversity and population structure. Of these, 46 S. brasiliensis isolates were recovered from animals (cats n = 41 and dogs n = 5) from MRBH. RESULTS: Our study describes the high interspecific differentiation power of AFLP-based genotyping between the main phylogenetic Sporothrix groups. S. brasiliensis presents high genetic variability and pronounced population structure with geographically focused outbreaks in Brazil. The genetic groups include older genotypes from the prolonged epidemic in Southeast (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo), South (Rio Grande do Sul), Northeast (Pernambuco) and new genotypes from the MRBH. Furthermore, we provide evidence of heterothallism mating strategy in pathogenic Sporothrix species. Genotypes originating in Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco carry the predominant MAT1-2 idiomorph as opposed to genotypes from Rio Grande do Sul, which have the MAT1-1 idiomorph. We observed an overwhelming occurrence of MAT1-1 among MRBH isolates. CONCLUSION: Our study provides clear evidence of the predominance of a genetic group profile circulating in animals in Minas Gerais, independent of that disseminated from Rio de Janeiro. Our data can help us understand the genetic population processes that drive the evolution of this fungus in Minas Gerais and contribute to future mitigation actions for this ongoing epidemic.

Asunto(s)

Análisis del Polimorfismo de Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Epidemias , Variación Genética , Genotipo , Sporothrix , Esporotricosis , Esporotricosis/epidemiología , Esporotricosis/microbiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Sporothrix/genética , Sporothrix/clasificación , Sporothrix/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Gatos , Perros , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Zoonosis/microbiología , Filogenia , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Humanos

RESUMEN

Antibiotic resistance constitutes a significant public health challenge, with diverse reservoirs of resistant bacteria playing pivotal roles in their dissemination. Among these reservoirs, pets are carrying antibiotic-resistant strains. The objective of this study was to assess the resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, and the prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli strains in dogs and cats from Tamaulipas, Mexico. A total of 300 stool samples (150 dogs and 150 cats) from healthy pets were subjected to analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and the identification of ESBLs were carried out by disc diffusion method. The presence of resistance genes, class 1, 2, and 3 integrons (intI1, intI2, and intI3) and phylogroups was determined by PCR analysis. The findings reveal that 42.6% (128/300) of the strains exhibited resistance to at least one of the eight antibiotics assessed, and 18.6% (56/300) demonstrated multidrug resistance (MDR), that distributed across 69 distinct resistance patterns. Altogether 2.6% of E. coli strains (8/300) were confirmed as TEM and CTX-M type ESBL producers. These outcomes underscore the roles of dogs and cats in Tamaulipas as reservoirs for the dissemination of MDR and/or ESBL strains. The results underscore the necessity for conducting prevalence studies on ESBL-producing E. coli, forming a foundation for comprehending the present scenario and formulating strategies for the control and mitigation of this issue.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Escherichia coli , Heces , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Mascotas , beta-Lactamasas , Animales , Perros/microbiología , México , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Gatos/microbiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Mascotas/microbiología , beta-Lactamasas/genética , Heces/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Integrones , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Prevalencia

RESUMEN

Although diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable disease, numerous cases are still reported around the world, as well as outbreaks in countries, including European ones. Species of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae complex are potentially toxigenic and, therefore, must be considered given the possible consequences, such as the circulation of clones and transmission of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Recently, Corynebacterium rouxii was characterized and included among the valid species of the complex. Therefore, two cases of C. rouxii infection arising from infections in domestic animals are presented here. We provide molecular characterization, phylogenetic analyses, genome sequencing, and CRISPR-Cas analyses to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular bases, pathogenesis, and epidemiological monitoring of this species, which is still little studied. We confirmed its taxonomic position with genome sequencing and in silico analysis and identified the ST-918 for both strains. The clinical isolates were sensitive resistance to benzylpenicillin and rifampin. Antimicrobial resistance genes, including tetB, rpoB2, and rbpA genes, were predicted. The bla and ampC genes were not found. Several virulence factors were also detected, including adhesion, iron uptake systems, gene regulation (dtxR), and post-translational modification (MdbA). Finally, one prophage and the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas system were identified.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Infecciones por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium , Enfermedades de los Perros , Filogenia , Rifampin , Animales , Corynebacterium/genética , Corynebacterium/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Perros , Rifampin/farmacología , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/veterinaria , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/microbiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Genoma Bacteriano , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Penicilinas/farmacología

RESUMEN

Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. and transmitted from domestic and wild animals to humans. Brucellosis causes important economic losses in livestock, has a significant impact on public health, and may affect the health of wildlife. Hunting and consumption of meat from culled wildlife constitute a risk for Brucella spp. infection in humans and hunting dogs. In El Palmar National Park (EPNP), Argentina, the invasive alien mammals wild boar (Sus scrofa) and axis deer (Axis axis) are controlled, slaughtered in situ, and consumed by hunters, with meat trimmings and offal often fed to dogs. In this study, we evaluated but did not detect anti-Brucella antibodies in wild boar (n=95) and axis deer (n=238) from EPNP or in game consumers, dogs (n=39) and humans (n=61). These results suggest a lack of exposure to Brucella spp. at this site during the study period. Despite negative findings in the sampled location, One Health surveillance across multiple species contributes to our understanding of pathogen dynamics and enables targeted interventions to minimize health risks.

Asunto(s)

Brucella , Brucelosis , Ciervos , Sus scrofa , Animales , Argentina/epidemiología , Ciervos/microbiología , Brucelosis/veterinaria , Brucelosis/epidemiología , Perros , Humanos , Brucella/inmunología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Especies Introducidas , Parques Recreativos , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Animales Salvajes , Porcinos , Femenino

RESUMEN

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, which is part of the skin microbiome of dogs, causes a variety of opportunistic infections. These infections may become more difficult to treat due to the formation of biofilm. The capacity of S. pseudintermedius to form biofilm, as well as the associated genes, has not been elucidated. This study evaluated the production and composition of S. pseudintermedius biofilm. Samples were collected from both infected dogs and asymptomatic dogs. Isolates were identified using mass spectrometry and Multiplex-PCR. Biofilm production and composition were assessed using a quantitative microtiter plate assay. The presence of ica operon genes and sps genes was investigated using conventional PCR. The investigation of Agr type and virulence genes was conducted in silico on 24 sequenced samples. All strains could produce strong biofilms, with most of the isolates presenting a polysaccharide biofilm. 63.6% of the isolates carried the complete ica operon (ADBC). All samples showed the presence of the genes spsK, spsA, and spsL, while the distribution of other genes varied. Agr type III was the most prevalent (52.2%). All sequenced samples carried the cytotoxins hlb, luk-S, luk-F, as well as the exfoliative toxins siet and se_int. No isolate displayed other exfoliative toxins. Only LB1733 presented a set of different enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec_canine, seh, sek, sel, and seq). Our findings suggest that S. pseudintermedius is a strong producer of biofilm and carries virulence genes.

Asunto(s)

Biopelículas , Enfermedades de los Perros , Staphylococcus , Animales , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Virulencia/genética , Staphylococcus/genética , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus/patogenicidad , Staphylococcus/clasificación , Staphylococcus/fisiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Operón

RESUMEN

Tick-borne diseases are important for animal and human health, because they can cause death if not diagnosed and treated early. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) can cause high morbidity in dog populations. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is among the most virulent infectious in humans; dogs are also susceptible to infection. The aims of this study were to evaluate the presence of Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia spp. infections in domestic dogs, and to identify tick species parasitizing dogs among urban areas of two municipalities (Sobral and Alcântaras) in the Ceará State, Northeastern Brazil. A total of 208 domiciled dogs was sampled. After clinical evaluation, blood samples and ticks were collected and submitted to Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) targeting E. canis DNA. Serum samples were screened by Indirect Immunofluorescence Assays (IFA) for antibodies against different strains of Rickettsia spp. previously recognized in Brazil. The results of this study indicate the molecular detection of E. canis in the state of Ceará, Brazil, where the proportion of canine infection in Sobral (9.9%) was higher than in Alcântaras (5.6%). Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato was the prevalent tick species infesting the dogs in both municipalities (43.5 and 53.3%, respectively). Our serological results indicate that dogs of the study area were at low risk of exposure to these tick-borne Rickettsia spp. of the spotted fever group. Our study offers epidemiological data of these diseases to better understanding Rickettsiales epidemic and enzootic cycles in the Brazilian semiarid region, improving prevention and control measures.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Perros , Ehrlichia canis , Ehrlichiosis , Rickettsia , Animales , Perros , Brasil/epidemiología , Ehrlichia canis/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Rickettsia/aislamiento & purificación , Ehrlichiosis/veterinaria , Ehrlichiosis/epidemiología , Ehrlichiosis/microbiología , Masculino , Infecciones por Rickettsia/veterinaria , Infecciones por Rickettsia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Rickettsia/microbiología , Femenino , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Fiebre Maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas/veterinaria , Fiebre Maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas/epidemiología , Fiebre Maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas/microbiología , Prevalencia

RESUMEN

In endemic areas for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), the occurrence of coinfection with other pathogens, such as Ehrlichia spp., has been associated with worsening of the clinical condition. The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of histological changes in the myocardia of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania chagasi with or without coinfection with Ehrlichia spp.. We evaluated paraffin-embedded myocardial sections from 31 dogs, affected by either L. chagasi alone or coinfected with L. chagasi and Ehrlichia spp., to compare the extent and degree of cardiac damage. The blocks were divided into two groups. G1 (dogs infected only by L. chagasi) and G2 (dogs coinfected with L. chagasi and Ehrlichia spp.). The right atrium free wall, right ventricle free wall, left ventricle, and interventricular septum of all groups were evaluated. Cardiac alterations were observed in 41.93% (52/124) of the fragments evaluated and inflammatory infiltrate was the most common pattern found. The G2 group showed a higher incidence of myocarditis, with 61.53% (32/52), compared to the G1 group, in which 20 out of 72 cases (27.7%) exhibited histopathological changes (p <0.05). These findings confirmed that coinfection can potentiate cardiac damage in dogs.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Perros , Ehrlichiosis , Leishmaniasis Visceral , Animales , Perros , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Leishmaniasis Visceral/complicaciones , Leishmaniasis Visceral/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Masculino , Ehrlichiosis/veterinaria , Ehrlichiosis/complicaciones , Ehrlichiosis/diagnóstico , Coinfección/veterinaria , Femenino , Miocarditis/veterinaria , Miocarditis/microbiología , Miocarditis/parasitología , Ehrlichia/aislamiento & purificación , Miocardio/patología

RESUMEN

This study examines household pets as potential epidemiological links between environments contaminated with pathogenic leptospires and humans in Santa Fe, Argentina. The aims of our study were: (a) to characterize the habits and exposure to environmental sources of leptospirosis in the population of dogs and cats attending to municipal spay and neutering campaigns in Santa Fe, Argentina, (b) to assess the seroprevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in asymptomatic dogs and cats, (c) to evaluate factors that could increase seropositivity, and (d) to identify spatial clusters of seropositive dogs and cats in the capital city of Santa Fe. From May to November 2022, a cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted during municipal spaying/neutering campaigns. Eligible household dogs and cats were over 6 months old, apparently healthy, and not vaccinated against leptospirosis in the past 6 months. We used microagglutination test (MAT) to assess anti-Leptospira antibodies using a panel of 10 reference strains. We used generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMM) to examine individual and census tract-level risk factors for seropositivity, and local Moran's I statistic for spatial clusters. Results showed higher leptospiral antibody prevalence in dogs (18.2 %) than cats (3.6 %, p = 0.002). Dogs with street access had higher likelihood of being seropositive (OR: 3.8, 95 % CI: 1.2; 11.9), and areas with chronic poverty showed an elevated risk of presenting seropositive animals (RR: 4.0, 95 % CI: 1.1; 14.4). Spatial analysis didn't reveal significant seropositivity clusters among census tracts. These findings shed light on widespread Leptospira seropositivity in pets in this endemic region. Understanding seroprevalence and risk factors can guide public and veterinary health strategies, emphasizing increased leptospirosis vaccination for dogs in vulnerable areas and promoting responsible pet care.

Asunto(s)

Anticuerpos Antibacterianos , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Leptospira , Leptospirosis , Animales , Perros , Gatos , Leptospirosis/veterinaria , Leptospirosis/epidemiología , Leptospirosis/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/inmunología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Argentina/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Leptospira/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Factores de Riesgo , Prevalencia , Enfermedades Endémicas/veterinaria , Ciudades/epidemiología

RESUMEN

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of mycocins produced by Wickerhamomyces anomalus in inhibiting Malassezia pachydermatis, a yeast commonly found in the ear canal of dogs. M. pachydermatis has a zoophilic origin and can be found in mammals, and frequently in dogs, where it mainly colonizes the ear canal region and the skin, leading to lesions that are difficult to treat. The antimicrobial mechanism was evaluated using dilutions of supernatant with enzymatic activity, which may include ß-glucanases, glycoproteins known to act on microorganism cell walls. However, it is important to note that this supernatant may contain other compounds as well. ß-glucanases in the mycocins supernatant were found at a concentration of 0.8 U/mg. The susceptibility of M. pachydermatis isolates was tested using the microdilution method. The isolates suffered 100% inhibition when tested with the culture supernatant containing mycocins. In the proteinases production test, 44% of the isolates tested were strong proteinases producers. Subsequently all these isolates suffered inhibition of their activity when tested in research medium containing mycocins supernatant at a subinhibitory concentration of ß-glucanases. This shows that mycocins can inhibit the production of proteinases, a virulence factor of M. pachydermatis. The viability test showed the antifungal action of mycocins in inhibiting the viability of M. pachydermatis cells after a period of 8  hours of contact. These results support the antimicrobial potential of mycocins and their promise as a therapeutic option.

Asunto(s)

Antifúngicos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Malassezia , Animales , Perros/microbiología , Malassezia/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Conducto Auditivo Externo/microbiología , Saccharomycetales/metabolismo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana

RESUMEN

Indigenous health has posted complex challenges worldwide, particularly due to historical economic, territorial, social and environmental processes, which may lead to emergence and reemergence of pathogens. In addition to few Coxiella burnetii serosurveys in vulnerable populations, especially in developing tropical countries, no comprehensive One Health approach has focused on human-animal infection along with potential environmental determinants. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of anti-C. burnetii antibodies in indigenous populations and their dogs from 10 indigenous communities distributed in southern and southeastern Brazil, along with the correspondent healthcare professionals. In overall, 8/893 (0.90%; 95% CI 0.45-1.76) indigenous and 1/406 (0.25%) dog samples were seropositive, with 7/343 (2.04%) individuals the 1/144 (0.69%) dog from the Ocoy community, located in the city of São Miguel do Iguaçu, bordering Argentina at south, and far 10 km at west from Paraguay. All 84 healthcare professionals tested seronegative.

Asunto(s)

Coxiella burnetii , Salud Única , Fiebre Q , Brasil/epidemiología , Coxiella burnetii/inmunología , Animales , Humanos , Fiebre Q/epidemiología , Fiebre Q/microbiología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Perros , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Adolescente , Pueblos Indígenas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Niño , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Preescolar , Anciano

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and genetic attributes of Borrelia spp. in cats and dogs from the West Azerbaijan Province, located in the northwest of Iran. A total of 250 blood samples from cats and 300 blood samples from dogs were collected, and information regarding their age, sex, breed, ownership status, sampling time and region was recorded. The identification of positive samples was accomplished through nested-PCR and sequencing, with subsequent analysis of the gene sequences conducted using BioEdit software. The gene sequences for Borrelia spp. in this study showed 100% similarity to reference sequences in the GenBank® database. Phylogenetic trees were built using MEGA11. The outcomes indicated that among 250 blood samples from cats, 48 (19.2%) tested positive for Borrelia spp. gene, with a CI from 14.8 to 24.53% for cats. Similarly, out of 300 blood samples from dogs, 45 (15%) tested positive for the Borrelia spp. gene, with a CI from 11.4 to 19.48% for dogs.

Asunto(s)

Borrelia , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Animales , Perros , Irán , Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/sangre , Borrelia/genética , Borrelia/clasificación , Borrelia/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Femenino , Masculino , Infecciones por Borrelia/veterinaria , Infecciones por Borrelia/microbiología , ADN Bacteriano/genética

RESUMEN

Antimicrobial resistance is considered one of the most critical threat for both human and animal health. Recently, reports of infection or colonization by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in companion animals had been described. This study report the first molecular characterization of NDM-producing Enterobacterales causing infections in companion animals from Argentina. Nineteen out of 3662 Enterobacterales isolates analyzed between October 2021 and July 2022 were resistant to carbapenemes by VITEK2C and disk diffusion method, and suspected to be carbapenemase-producers. Ten isolates were recovered from canine and nine from feline animals. Isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae (n = 9), E. coli (n = 6) and E. cloacae complex (n = 4), and all of them presented positive synergy among EDTA and carbapenems disks, mCIM/eCIM indicative of metallo-carbapenemase production and were also positive by PCR for blaNDM gene. NDM variants were determined by Sanger sequencing method. All 19 isolates were resistant to ß-lactams and aminoglycosides but remained susceptible to colistin (100%), tigecycline (95%), fosfomycin (84%), nitrofurantoin (63%), minocycline (58%), chloramphenicol (42%), doxycycline (21%), enrofloxacin (5%), ciprofloxacin (5%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (5%). Almost all isolates (17/19) co-harbored blaCTX-M plus blaCMY, one harbored blaCTX-M alone and the remaining blaCMY. E. coli and E. cloacae complex isolates harbored blaCTX-M-1/15 or blaCTX-M-2 groups, while all K. pneumoniae harbored only blaCTX-M-1/15 genes. All E. coli and E. cloacae complex isolates harbored blaNDM-1, while in K. pneumoniae blaNDM-1 (n = 6), blaNDM-5 (n = 2), and blaNDM-1 plus blaNDM-5 (n = 1) were confirmed. MLST analysis revealed the following sequence types by species, K. pneumoniae: ST15 (n = 5), ST273 (n = 2), ST11, and ST29; E. coli: ST162 (n = 3), ST457, ST224, and ST1196; E. cloacae complex: ST171, ST286, ST544 and ST61. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of NDM-producing E. cloacae complex isolates recovered from cats. Even though different species and clones were observed, it is remarkable the finding of some major clones among K. pneumoniae and E. coli, as well as the circulation of NDM as the main carbapenemase. Surveillance in companion pets is needed to detect the spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and to alert about the dissemination of these pathogens among pets and humans.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae , beta-Lactamasas , Animales , Gatos , Perros , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , beta-Lactamasas/genética , Argentina/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Mascotas , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/genética , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimología

RESUMEN

Microsporum canis, one of the most widespread dermatophytes worldwide, is a zoonotic microorganism that transmits infection from reservoirs such as cats and dogs to humans. This microorganism is associated with Tinea corporis and other clinical manifestations; however, few studies have used genetic surveillance to determine and characterize the process of zoonotic transmission. In this study, we show a clear example of zoonotic transmission from a cat to an intrafamilial environment, where it caused Tinea corporis by infection with M. canis. Molecular characterization using the b-tubulin gene and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis made it possible to determine that the six isolates of M. canis obtained in this study belonged to the same genetic variant or clone responsible for reservoir-reservoir or reservoir-human transmission.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Gatos , Microsporum , Tiña , Zoonosis , Microsporum/aislamiento & purificación , Microsporum/genética , Microsporum/clasificación , Gatos/microbiología , Animales , Tiña/microbiología , Tiña/transmisión , Tiña/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/transmisión , Zoonosis/microbiología , Zoonosis/transmisión , Mascotas/microbiología , Humanos , Perros , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado Aleatorio , Masculino , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/transmisión , ADN de Hongos/genética

RESUMEN

AIMS: Pyometra and cystitis caused by Escherichia coli are common diseases identified in canine or feline females. The origin of pyometra infection remains uncertain, and effective prevention strategies for this disease are still unknown. This study aimed to provide a phenotypic characterization, including antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles, of endometrial pathogenic (EnPEC) and uropathogenic (UPEC) E. coli strains isolated simultaneously from the same animal. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen E. coli strains, from eight different animals, were analyzed in this study. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of EnPEC and UPEC strains was determined using the disc diffusion method, which showed a similar susceptibility profile among strains (EnPEC and UPEC) from the same animal. The virulence profile of the strains was assessed through biofilm formation, as well as serum resistance abilities. EnPEC and UPEC strains from the same animal exhibited slight variations in their virulence and antimicrobial resistance capabilities. Overall, most of the strain pairs showed a high similarity in their ability to establish biofilms and survive in serum complement activity. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, strains of E. coli isolated from both pyometra and cystitis in the same animal, despite presenting distinct clinical diseases, exhibit a wide phenotypic similarity, suggesting a common origin for the strains.

Asunto(s)

Biopelículas , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Cistitis , Infecciones por Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Fenotipo , Piómetra , Animales , Cistitis/microbiología , Cistitis/veterinaria , Piómetra/microbiología , Piómetra/veterinaria , Femenino , Gatos , Perros , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Escherichia coli/patogenicidad , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Virulencia , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Escherichia coli Uropatógena/aislamiento & purificación , Escherichia coli Uropatógena/patogenicidad , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana

RESUMEN

Brazil-grown outdoor-cultivated Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 fruiting body (KA21) significantly increases the production of serum anti-beta-glucan antibody. Therefore, KA21 ingestion may be useful for the prevention and alleviation of fungal infections. This study aimed to determine the effects of KA21 in fungal infections in animals. KA21 was administered to nine dogs infected with Malassezia. Notably, the anti-beta-glucan antibody titer remained unchanged or tended to decrease in the oral steroid arm, whereas in the non-steroid arm, antibody titer increased in almost all animals after KA21 ingestion. Dogs showing improved clinical symptoms exhibited increased anti-beta-glucan antibody titers. The results of this study suggest that KA21 ingestion may alleviate the symptoms of Malassezia and other fungal infections and that continuous ingestion may help prolong recurrence-free intervals. Additionally, the ingestion of KA21 during oral steroid dosage reduction or discontinuation may enable smoother steroid withdrawal.

Asunto(s)

Agaricus , Enfermedades de los Perros , Cuerpos Fructíferos de los Hongos , Malassezia , Animales , Perros , Agaricus/química , Cuerpos Fructíferos de los Hongos/química , Malassezia/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatomicosis/veterinaria , Dermatomicosis/prevención & control , Dermatomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatomicosis/microbiología , beta-Glucanos/administración & dosificación , beta-Glucanos/farmacología , Masculino , Brasil , Dermatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatitis/veterinaria , Dermatitis/microbiología , Dermatitis/prevención & control , Femenino , Anticuerpos Antifúngicos/sangre

RESUMEN

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis endemic in Latin American countries and one of the most important fungal diseases regarding incidence and mortality in humans. PCM has also been described in some animal species such as dogs. In this study we describe a new case of PCM disease in a dog that differed from previous records in the literature which includes a progressive evolution of fungal dermatitis causing a deforming lesion in the nose, like those found in human patients, and humoral response against gp70 instead of gp43, the major diagnostic antigen for human PCM. The clinical isolate through the ITS and partial gp43 gene phylogenetic analysis was grouped in the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis complex. This case describes several features which may contribute to improving diagnosis and understanding of canine paracoccidioidomycosis.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Perros , Paracoccidioides , Paracoccidioidomicosis , Filogenia , Paracoccidioidomicosis/veterinaria , Paracoccidioidomicosis/diagnóstico , Paracoccidioidomicosis/microbiología , Animales , Perros , Paracoccidioides/aislamiento & purificación , Paracoccidioides/genética , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Masculino , Enfermedad Crónica

RESUMEN

Tick-borne disease burdens are increasing globally, impacting mostly rural and vulnerable communities. Among the most important emerging tick-borne pathogens are the Rickettsia species within the spotted fever group (SFGR) because of their genetic diversity and high lethality rate. Colombia is highly affected by SFGR despite not being reportable diseases; thus, research and clinical management are neglected. Although some departments have demonstrated high seroprevalence rates, in others, such as Boyacá Department, seroprevalence is unknown. Rickettsioses have not been described in Boyacá since 1943, and conversations with local physicians raised suspicions of recent undiagnosed disease compatible with rickettsiosis in some rural areas of the department, warranting epidemiological investigation. Using biobanked human and canine samples from a previous 2021 vector-borne disease study in Miraflores municipality, Boyacá, we had an opportunity to unearth SFGR's exposure in the region. Samples were evaluated using IgG indirect fluorescent assays against SFGR and complemented by survey questionnaires evaluating associated factors. Findings yielded first-time SFGR serological evidence in Boyacá with a 26.5% seroprevalence among dogs and a 20.4% among humans. Human and dog seroprevalences were positively associated, suggesting the presence of domestic transmission. Owning a greater number of domestic animals (prevalence ratio adjusted for all measured factors [aPR], 1.52) and living near crop fields (aPR, 7.77) were associated with an increased likelihood of household seropositivity. Our findings are consistent with the literature in Colombia, uncovering a suspected region where the disease is endemic. Future studies are warranted to continue defining high-risk areas to determine public health intervention plans.

Asunto(s)

Anticuerpos Antibacterianos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Rickettsia , Rickettsiosis Exantemáticas , Perros , Animales , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Humanos , Colombia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Rickettsiosis Exantemáticas/epidemiología , Rickettsiosis Exantemáticas/microbiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rickettsia/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Anciano , Niño , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre

RESUMEN

Background: Ehrlichia canis has been the main hemopathogen affecting domestic dogs in Brazil. Even though tick-infested dogs may lead to household infestation and predispose human exposure and public health concern, no comprehensive study has surveyed humans, dogs, and environmental ticks altogether. Materials and Methods: Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess tick-infested households, identify tick species, perform serological (immunofluorescence assay) and molecular (PCR and q-PCR) detection of Ehrlichia in ticks, in the eighth biggest metropolitan area of Brazil. Results: Between 2007 and 2020, 233/5973 (3.9%) out of all complaints were from tick-infested households of 200 different addresses. Overall, 370/552 (67.0%) ticks were collected and identified as adult and 182/552 (33.0%) as immature forms of Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. complex; a single tick from one owner, a female tick of Amblyomma sculptum; and 395 ticks from dogs, 319/395 (80.8%) adult and 72/395 (18.2%) immature forms of Rhipicephalus spp., and 4/395 (1.01%) female Amblyomma aureolatum. Overall, 2/135 (1.5%) owners and 13/136 (9.6%) dogs were seropositive for E. canis. The DNA of Anaplasmataceae family was molecularly detected in 16/50 (32.0%) R. sanguineus s.l. As expected, the number of monthly tick infestation complaints were directly associated, and mean (p = 0.01), maximum (p = 0.011), and minimum (p = 0.008) temperature were statistically significant and had a low positive correlation (0.24, 0.23, and 0.24, respectively). In addition, complaints were highly associated to all socioeconomic variables (p < 0.001), with the exception of the presence of vacant lots. Conclusions: Despite low samplings and human negative results, areas with low-income with adequate temperature and urban agglomerations have been shown to be associated risks for tick infestations, predisposing tick-borne diseases. In conclusion, monitoring should always be conducted in such areas, including One Health approach with serosurvey of owners and dogs, along with identification and molecular screening of ticks.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Perros , Ehrlichia canis , Ehrlichiosis , Infestaciones por Garrapatas , Animales , Perros , Brasil/epidemiología , Ehrlichia canis/genética , Ehrlichia canis/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Humanos , Ehrlichiosis/epidemiología , Ehrlichiosis/veterinaria , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Femenino , Masculino , Salud Única , Garrapatas/microbiología , Adulto , Composición Familiar