RESUMEN

Efficient cattle production and provision of animal-sourced foods in much of Africa is constrained by vector-borne bacterial and protozoal diseases. Effective vaccines are not currently available for most of these infections resulting in a continuous disease burden that limits genetic improvement. We tested whether stimulation of innate immunity using the Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 7 agonist imiquimod, formulated with saponin and water-in-oil emulsion, would protect against morbidity and mortality due to Anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne pathogen of cattle highly endemic in west Africa. In Trial 1, haplotype matched Friesian x Sanga (F1) A. marginale negative calves were allocated to either the experimental group (n = 10) and injected with the synthetic TLR 7 agonist/saponin formulation or to an untreated control group (n = 10). TLR7 agonist/saponin injected calves responded with significantly elevated rectal temperature, enlarged regional lymph nodes, and elevated levels of IL-6 post-injection as compared to control group calves. All calves were then allowed to graze in pasture for natural exposure to tick transmission. All calves in both groups acquired A. marginale, consistent with the high transmission rate in the endemic region. The need for antibiotic treatment, using pre-existing criteria, was significantly lower in the experimental group (odds ratio for not requiring treatment was 9.3, p = 0.03) as compared to the control group. Despite treatment, 6/10 calves in the control group died, reflecting treatment failures that are typical of anaplasmosis in the acute phase, while mortality in the experimental group was 1/10 (odds ratio for survival was 13.5, p = 0.03). The trial was then repeated using 45 Friesian x Sanga calves per group. In Trial 2, the odds ratios for preventing the need for treatment and for mortality in the TLR7 agonist/saponin experimental group versus the control group were 5.6 (p = 0.0002) and 7.0 (p = 0.004), respectively, reproducing the findings of the initial trial. Together these findings demonstrate that innate immune stimulation using a TLR7 agonist formulated with saponin and water-in-oil emulsion provides significant protection against disease caused by tick borne A. marginale in highly susceptible cross-bred cattle, critically important for their potential to increase productivity for smallholder farmers in Africa.

Asunto(s)

Adyuvantes Inmunológicos , Anaplasma marginale , Anaplasmosis , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Receptor Toll-Like 7 , Animales , Bovinos , Receptor Toll-Like 7/agonistas , Anaplasma marginale/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/mortalidad , Anaplasmosis/prevención & control , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , África Occidental , Imiquimod , Saponinas/farmacología , Enfermedades Endémicas/veterinaria , Enfermedades Endémicas/prevención & control

RESUMEN

This experiment evaluated health, physiological, and performance responses of high-risk cattle administered the maternal bovine appeasing substance (mBAS) during feedlot receiving. Angus-influenced, newly weaned male calves (n = 120) were purchased from an auction facility. Calves arrived at the research feedyard on day -1 and body weight (BW) was recorded upon arrival (199 ±â€…1 kg). Calves were ranked by arrival BW and received 1 of 2 treatments prior to initial processing (day 0): (1) 10 mL of an mBAS (Ferappease; FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals; College Station, TX) or (2) 10 mL of mineral oil (CON; placebo). Treatments were applied topically to the nuchal skin area (5 mL) and above the muzzle (5 mL). Calves were vaccinated against Clostridium and respiratory pathogens, dewormed, implanted, band-castrated, and received metaphylaxis at initial processing, and then distributed into 10 drylot pens according to arrival BW and treatment (n = 12 calves/pen, 5 pens/treatment). Calves were reapplied treatments (mBAS or CON) concurrently with booster vaccination on d 14. Feed intake and incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) were recorded daily. Blood and hair samples from the tail-switch were collected on days 0, 14, 28, 42, and 60 for analysis of physiological variables. Calves were sampled for nasal microbiota analysis via swab on days 0, 14, and 28. Final shrunk BW was recorded on day 61 after 16 h of feed and water restriction. Calf BW gain and final BW did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.40). Incidence of BRD was similar (P = 0.99) between mBAS and CON (56.7% for both treatments; SEM = 6.45). A greater (P = 0.04) proportion of mBAS calves diagnosed with BRD required a single antibiotic treatment to regain health (70.6 vs. 47.0%; SEM = 8.32), and mortality was greater (P = 0.03) in CON calves diagnosed with BRD (17.6 vs. 2.94%; SEM = 5.133). Relative abundance of Mycoplasma in nasal microbiota was reduced (P = 0.04) in mBAS calves compared with CON (34.7 vs. 27.4%; SEM = 2.35). Cortisol concentration in hair from the tail-switch was less (P = 0.01) on day 28 for mBAS calves compared with CON. Administering mBAS improved (P = 0.04) total pen-based liveweight change during the experiment (498 vs. 309 kg/pen; SEM = 65.2) and final pen-based total liveweight (2,676 vs. 2,484 kg/pen; SEM = 65.4). Administration of mBAS to high-risk cattle decreased physiological stress markers, reduced mortality, and increased pen-based productivity during a 60-d receiving period.

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Beef cattle are exposed to several stressors during the initial days in the feedlot, which impair their immunity and lead to bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Strategies to mitigate stress upon feedlot arrival are warranted, including administration of the maternal bovine appeasing substance (mBAS). The mBAS is a mixture of fatty acids that replicate the composition of the original bovine appeasing pheromone. Administering mBAS has been shown to alleviate the physiological consequences elicited by stressful management procedures in beef cattle. In this study, male beef calves were purchased from a commercial auction facility soon after weaning, transported to the research feedyard, and assigned initial processing within a 48-h period. Calves were castrated and received a metaphylactic antibiotic treatment during initial processing, which are relevant management practices in US feedyards. In general, mBAS administration at initial processing and 14 d later decreased physiological stress markers, improved immunity parameters, and reduced mortality by 83% during a 60-d feedlot receiving period. Calf growth and BRD incidence were not affected, but the reduced mortality from mBAS administration increased total liveweight production by the end of the experiment. Therefore, this study provides additional evidence of the benefits from administering mBAS to beef cattle upon feedlot arrival.

Asunto(s)

Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Animales , Bovinos/fisiología , Masculino , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/tratamiento farmacológico

RESUMEN

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an ailment that causes serious damage to the productive chain, and its control through vaccination is of utmost importance for its eradication. Brazil initiated the National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Surveillance Program (PNEFA) with the aim of making the country FMD-free by 2026. As part of the program, notifications of vesicular lesions became mandatory for the Official Veterinary Service (OVS), which is responsible for verifying them. Due to its size, border areas with countries that do not have FMD-free status pose a risk to Brazil and require greater attention. This study described the profile of notifications of suspected outbreaks of vesicular syndrome in Brazil and analyzed the performance of the surveillance system. The results showed 7134 registered notifications of suspected vesicular syndrome outbreaks from 2018 to 2022, with 2022 having the highest number (n = 2343 or 32.85 %). The species that generated the most notifications were swine (90.99 %), cattle and buffaloes (7.54 %), goats and sheep (1.44 %), and others (0.03 %). The sources of notification were "Veterinary medicine professionals" (61.82 %), "Owners or employees" (13.66 %), "Third parties" (8.90 %), "OVS" (7.20 %), and "others" (2.66 %). 41.69 % of notifications originated from non-border municipalities, and 58.32 % from border areas. Only the state of Paraná account for 51.73 % of the total notifications. This state also accounted for 66.70 % of the 32.47 % of notifications with a final diagnosis of "absence of clinically compatible signs or susceptible animals", indicating a certain lack of knowledge in the area, leading to unnecessary notifications and system overload. The performance of the OVS was evaluated based on the service response time from notification registration trough Logistic and Negative binomial regressions. A total of 27.83 % of notifications did not meet the Brazilian legally specified time, and the zone related to the state of Parana needs improvements in performance. The presence and peaks of Senecavirus A cases may have influenced an increased number of swine notifications and led to a decrease in OVS response time. The results demonstrate better performance of surveillance in border areas. Given the vast territory of Brazil, it is not expected that 100 % of responses occur within the legal timeframe, however, the performance of the surveillance system proved to be adequate, with 86 % complied to the legislation. The performance indicators could be used as a monitoring tool, along with indicators to demonstrate system overload. Continued education actions are crucial for strengthening PNEFA.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Brotes de Enfermedades , Fiebre Aftosa , Brasil/epidemiología , Animales , Fiebre Aftosa/epidemiología , Fiebre Aftosa/prevención & control , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Porcinos , Notificación de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Ovinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/prevención & control , Vigilancia de la Población/métodos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/virología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/prevención & control , Enfermedades de las Cabras/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/virología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/prevención & control , Cabras , Búfalos , Monitoreo Epidemiológico/veterinaria

RESUMEN

Analysis of the recall response ex vivo in cattle vaccinated with a Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) rel deletion mutant revealed the immune response was directed toward a 35 kD major membrane protein (MMP) of Map. Antigen presenting cells (APC) primed with MMP elicited expansion of CD8 cytotoxic memory T cells (CTL) with ability to kill intracellular bacteria. Development of CTL was MHC-restricted. The gene MAP2121c, encoding MMP, was modified for expression of MMP (tPA-MMP-2mut) in a mammalian cell line to explore the potential of developing MMP as a vaccine. Ex vivo stimulation of PBMC, from Map free cattle, with APC primed with tPA-MMP-2mut expressed p35 elicited a primary CD8 CTL response comparable to the recall response elicited with PBMC from cattle vaccinated with either the Maprel deletion mutant or MMP. In the present study, the modified gene for MMP, now referred to as p35NN, was placed into a bovine herpes virus-4 (BoHV4) vector to determine the potential use of BoHV-4AΔTK-p35NN as a peptide-based vaccine. Subcutaneous vaccination of healthy cattle with BoHV-4AΔTK-p35NN elicited a CTL recall response, as detected ex vivo. The results show use of a virus vector is an effective way for delivery of MMP as a vaccine. The immunogenic activity of MMP was not lost when modified for expression in mammalian cells. The next step is to conduct a field trial to determine if presence of an immune response to MMP prevents Map from establishing an infection.

Asunto(s)

Vacunas Bacterianas , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis , Paratuberculosis , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos , Animales , Bovinos , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/inmunología , Paratuberculosis/inmunología , Paratuberculosis/prevención & control , Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/inmunología , Proteínas de la Membrana/inmunología , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Vacunación/veterinaria , Vectores Genéticos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética

RESUMEN

Recycled manure solids has emerged as a promising alternative for animal bedding, owing to its economic feasibility, ready availability on farms, and soft, non-abrasive nature. This research aimed to assess the impact of recycled manure solids (RMS) bedding, combined with a conditioner containing 7.5% lime and 6% sodium hydrosulphate, on dairy cow welfare and gait kinematics over three months. Hock and knee injury scores, lameness incidence, and gait kinematic parameters were evaluated for animals housed on cement flooring (Control), RMS bedding (Treatment I), and conditioner-added RMS bedding (Treatment II) on days 0, 45, and 90 of the experiment with six crossbred cows in each group. The results revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in lameness scores (5-point scale) for animals in both the RMS and conditioner-added RMS groups, with scores of 1.09 ± 0.05 and 1.04 ± 0.03, respectively, compared to those on cement floors. Moreover, a noteworthy decrease (p < 0.05) in knee and hock injury scores (4-point scale) was observed in the RMS groups, indicating a potentially positive impact on joint health. Gait kinematic analysis demonstrated that animals in the RMS (1.03 ± 0.04 m/s) and conditioner-added RMS (1.02 ± 0.06 m/s) groups exhibited higher walking speeds and increased step angles (158.59 ± 4.82° and 149.58 ± 3.85°) compared to their cement-floor counterparts. No significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed in stride length, step asymmetry, step length, and step width. The study concluded that the conditioner incorporated recycled manure solids resulting in a substantial decrease in lameness incidence and a reduction in hock and knee injuries among dairy cows. Additionally, the improved gait kinematics observed in non-lame animals suggest that this bedding combination positively influences overall animal well-being. These findings underscore the potential of sustainable bedding practices to enhance both physical health and locomotor behaviour in dairy cattle.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Industria Lechera , Marcha , Vivienda para Animales , Cojera Animal , Locomoción , Estiércol , Animales , Bovinos , Cojera Animal/epidemiología , Cojera Animal/prevención & control , Femenino , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Industria Lechera/métodos , Estiércol/análisis , Pezuñas y Garras , Incidencia , Bienestar del Animal , Reciclaje , Pisos y Cubiertas de Piso

RESUMEN

Johne's disease (JD), a chronic, infectious enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), affects wild and domestic ruminants. There is no cure or effective prevention, and current vaccines have substantial limitations, leaving this disease widespread in all substantial dairy industries causing economic, and animal welfare implications. Mycobacteriophages (MPs) have been gaining interest in recent years and are proposed as a promising solution to curtailing MAP infection. Using a well-validated infection model, we have demonstrated the preventative potential of MPs to protect dairy calves against MAP infection. Calves were supplemented daily with a phage cocktail from birth till weaning at 2 m of age and inoculated with MAP at 2 wk of age. Infection status was measured for 4.5 mo through blood, fecal, and postmortem tissue samples. Our findings highlight the remarkable efficacy of orally administered MPs. Notably, fecal shedding of MAP was entirely eliminated within 10 wk, in contrast to the infected control group where shedding continued for the entirety of the trial period. Postmortem tissue culture analysis further supported the effectiveness of MPs, with only 1 out of 6 animals in the phage-treated group testing positive for MAP colonized tissues compared to 6 out of 6 animals in the infected control group. Additionally, plaque assay results demonstrated the ability of phages to persist within the intestinal tract. Collectively, these results underscore the potential of orally administered MP cocktails as a highly effective intervention strategy to combat JD in dairy calves and by extension in the dairy industry.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Heces , Intestino Delgado , Micobacteriófagos , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis , Paratuberculosis , Animales , Paratuberculosis/prevención & control , Paratuberculosis/microbiología , Bovinos , Heces/microbiología , Heces/virología , Micobacteriófagos/fisiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Intestino Delgado/microbiología , Intestino Delgado/virología , Derrame de Bacterias

RESUMEN

Johne's disease in cattle is a significant global animal health challenge. Johne's disease is chronic, affecting the gastrointestinal tract of cattle and other ruminants and is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium avium ssp. Paratuberculosis. Many countries have introduced schemes and programmes to try and control the spread of Johne's disease, including the UK. Despite efforts to control it, however, Johne's disease remains consistently ranked by UK producers as the top ranked disease negatively affecting productivity, indicating that schemes are not perceived to have solved the problem fully. Building on a global systematic review of the literature on barriers and solutions for Johne's disease control on-farm, we conducted an empirical study with over 400 farmers and 150 veterinary professionals across the UK. The study used workshops and semi-structured interviews to understand better the challenges dairy farmers and veterinarians face in implementing on-farm Johne's disease management schemes with the aim of identifying solutions. The study found that four main challenges are faced in the on-farm control of Johne's - (1) Management of farmer expectations around Johne's disease, with eradication near impossible, (2) Issues regarding space for segregation and the related economics of control (3) A 'free-riding' problem which can be influenced by the voluntary nature of control plans and (4) Challenges in vet-farmer communication, including levels of knowledge. Our findings have relevance for the control of Johne's disease in the UK and other countries, including for regions with voluntary and compulsory control programmes.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Agricultores , Paratuberculosis , Veterinarios , Paratuberculosis/prevención & control , Paratuberculosis/epidemiología , Animales , Bovinos , Reino Unido , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Veterinarios/psicología , Agricultores/psicología , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Humanos , Comunicación , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/fisiología , Industria Lechera/métodos

RESUMEN

SUBJECT AND AIMS: The Swiss Claw Health Project (SCHP) started on 1 January 2019 and will last a total of 8 years. The main goals of the SCHP are (a) digital recording of claw health data of cattle in Switzerland by 100 professional claw trimmers, (b) development of claw health programs, (c) improvement of cattle claw health in Switzerland, (d) development of breeding values for claw health and (e) reduction of antibiotic use to control claw health problems. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data was collected digitally by 45 hoof trimmers who had previously successfully completed the training program for diagnosis and digital documentation in accordance with the ICAR Claw Health Atlas. The national animal health database was further developed for data storage. Livestock farms with unfavorable claw health were offered an on farm analysis with subsequent annual support visits. RESULTS: A total of 1155 cattle owners joined the project by the end of the 5th project year. The claw health data of 149753 claw trimmings at cow-level was recorded, and 176 individual visits and analyses of farms with claw health issues were carried out. A health program for mechanical and metabolism-related claw disorders was developed and successfully established. Biosecurity measures during claw trimming were analyzed, and a brochure with recommendations for claw trimmers was developed. Risk factors for the occurrence of digital dermatitis in dairy herds were identified. The prevalence of alarm lesions (painful lesions) decreased significantly and continuously in the participating farms over the project years 2 to 4. CONCLUSIONS: The scientific project support proved to be extremely useful, as the progress of the project was continuously monitored, and new issues could be addressed promptly. Digitally recorded findings during herd hoof trimming are essential for monitoring and improving claw health. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This description and critical assessment of the SKGP procedure can be used by other consortia planning a similar project.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Enfermedades del Pie , Pezuñas y Garras , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades del Pie/veterinaria , Enfermedades del Pie/epidemiología , Suiza/epidemiología , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Femenino

RESUMEN

Bluetongue spreads rapidly in sheep and cattle in six countries despite vaccination efforts.

Asunto(s)

Virus de la Lengua Azul , Lengua Azul , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Brotes de Enfermedades , Vacunación , Animales , Bovinos , Lengua Azul/epidemiología , Lengua Azul/prevención & control , Lengua Azul/transmisión , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/transmisión , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Ovinos , Vacunación/veterinaria , Vacunas Virales

RESUMEN

Global warming poses significant challenges to the fertility of tropical dairy cattle. One promising approach to mitigate heat stress effects on reproductive function and reduce the carbon footprint is the use of integrated livestock-forest (ILF) systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two different systems, namely Full Sun (FS) and ILF, on maternal hyperthermia and oocyte quality of Holstein and Girolando heifers during the tropical summer season. The temperature-humidity index (THI) data revealed intense heat stress during the experiment. Both the system (P<0.01) and the breed (P<0.01) factors had a significant impact on vaginal temperature, being hyperthermia more pronounced in the FS system and in the Holstein breed. Over the five time points collected at a 33-day interval, we observed distinct patterns for ILF (P=0.65) and FS (P<0.001) systems, suggesting an adaptive response in animals kept in FS systems. Furthermore, oocyte quality assessment revealed an effect of the system for oocyte diameter (P<0.001) and levels of IGFBP2 (P<0.001), and caspase 3 levels showed a decrease in ILF compared to FS for both Holstein (P<0.001) and Girolando (P<0.001) breeds. Collectively, these parameters indicate that oocyte quality during the summer months was superior in animals maintained in the ILF system. In conclusion, the ILF system demonstrated promising results in attenuating maternal hyperthermia and mitigating its effects on oocyte quality. Additionally, our observations suggest that animals in the FS system may exhibit an adaptive response to heat stress.

Asunto(s)

Respuesta al Choque Térmico , Oocitos , Animales , Bovinos/fisiología , Oocitos/fisiología , Femenino , Respuesta al Choque Térmico/fisiología , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/veterinaria , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Calor , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control

RESUMEN

Gaining experience in mixed practice was the starting point for Nicola Gladden, then locuming and travel gave her the space to decide which career route to follow next, choosing a residency pathway.

Asunto(s)

Selección de Profesión , Medicina Veterinaria , Animales , Medicina Veterinaria/organización & administración , Bovinos , Humanos , Reino Unido , Especialización , Veterinarios/psicología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control

RESUMEN

Objective: This study compared clinical and immunological responses to coinfection challenge of beef calves mucosally primed and differentially boosted with commercial combination vaccines containing antigens against bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine parainfluenza virus Type 3 (BPIV3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Animals: Nineteen commercial beef heifers. Procedure: At birth, calves were mucosally (IN) primed with modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines, differentially boosted by injection of either combination MLV (IN-MLV) or inactivated virus (IN-KV) vaccines at a mean age of 44 d, and then challenged by coinfection with BCoV, BPIV3, and BRSV at weaning. Results: Both groups were similarly protected from clinical disease and had anamnestic neutralizing antibody responses to all 3 viruses. The IN-KV group shed more BCoV, and less BPIV3 and BRSV, than the IN-MLV group. Conclusion: These data indicated similar clinical and immunological protection between IN-MLV and IN-KV; however, shed of virus varied. Clinical relevance: Whereas boosting with KV or MLV appeared to have similar efficacy, viral shed differences may affect disease control.

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Efficacité comparative des vaccins vivants modifiés et inactivés pour stimuler les réponses au virus respiratoire syncytial bovin, au virus parainfluenza bovin de type 3 et au coronavirus bovin après amorçage via la muqueuse de veaux de boucherie nouveau-nés. Objectif: Cette étude a comparé les réponses cliniques et immunologiques à une co-infection de veaux de boucherie amorcés par voie muqueuse et différentiellement stimulés avec des vaccins combinés commerciaux contenant des antigènes contre le coronavirus bovin (BCoV), le virus parainfluenza bovin de type 3 (BPIV3) et le virus respiratoire syncytial bovin (BRSV). Animaux: Dix-neuf génisses de boucherie commerciales. Procédure: À la naissance, les veaux ont été vaccinés au niveau des muqueuses (IN) avec des vaccins à virus vivants modifiés (MLV), stimulés de manière différentielle par l'injection de vaccins combinés MLV (IN-MLV) ou de virus inactivés (IN-KV) à un âge moyen de 44 jours. puis provoqué par une co-infection avec BCoV, BPIV3 et BRSV au sevrage. Résultats: Les deux groupes étaient protégés de la même manière contre la maladie clinique et présentaient des réponses anamnestiques en anticorps neutralisants contre les 3 virus. Le groupe IN-KV a excrété plus de BCoV et moins de BPIV3 et de BRSV que le groupe IN-MLV. Conclusion: Ces données indiquent une protection clinique et immunologique similaire entre IN-MLV et IN-KV; cependant, l'excrétion du virus variait. Pertinence clinique: Alors que le rappel avec KV ou MLV semble avoir une efficacité similaire, les différences d'excrétion virale peuvent affecter la limitation de la maladie.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Asunto(s)

Animales Recién Nacidos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Coronavirus Bovino , Virus de la Parainfluenza 3 Bovina , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Bovino , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados , Vacunas Virales , Animales , Bovinos , Coronavirus Bovino/inmunología , Virus de la Parainfluenza 3 Bovina/inmunología , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Bovino/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Femenino , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/inmunología , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/veterinaria , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/prevención & control , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/inmunología , Vacunas Virales/inmunología , Vacunas Virales/administración & dosificación , Animales Recién Nacidos/inmunología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Coronavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Vacunas Atenuadas/inmunología , Vacunas Atenuadas/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por Respirovirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Respirovirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Respirovirus/inmunología , Inmunización Secundaria/veterinaria

Asunto(s)

Aborto Veterinario , Animales , Femenino , Aborto Veterinario/prevención & control , Embarazo , Reino Unido , Bovinos , Humanos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control

RESUMEN

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an important endemic disease in livestock in Southeast Asia. Transboundary movement of animals may result in the transnational disease spread. A major cattle market is located at the Thailand-Myanmar border, where most cattle imported from Myanmar are traded. In this study, we built a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model to investigate the effectiveness of a private animal quarantine service center in preventing FMDV from entering the major cattle market. We computed with different parameters and found that, with 50 % vaccine effectiveness, the risk of releasing infected cattle to the market per batch was generally low during the quarantine period of 21 and 28 days, with the risk ranging from 0.071 to 0.078 and 0.032 to 0.036, respectively. Despite the best scenario, the zero-risk state is difficult to attain. The sensitivity analysis highlights that the percentage of immune animals before entering the quarantine centers and the vaccine effectiveness are important factors. In conclusion, the 21-day quarantine period mitigates the risk of FMDV introduction into the cattle market. This control measure should be rigorously maintained to sustainably prevent FMDV outbreaks through transboundary animal movements, especially among countries in FMD-endemic regions.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Fiebre Aftosa , Cuarentena , Procesos Estocásticos , Animales , Bovinos , Fiebre Aftosa/prevención & control , Fiebre Aftosa/epidemiología , Tailandia/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Cuarentena/veterinaria , Mianmar/epidemiología , Virus de la Fiebre Aftosa/inmunología , Comercio

RESUMEN

Ensuring effective vaccination is crucial for epidemic control, particularly in voluntary vaccination scenarios. Though highly important for planning voluntary vaccination programs, we lack insights into the effectiveness of veterinarian communication and the impact of disease-specific traits on farmer vaccination intentions. To fill this void, our study compared five diseases affecting Israeli dairy cattle (Botulism, Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF), Brucellosis, Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), and Rabies). Using questionnaires grounded in the theory of planned behavior, we surveyed 340 Israeli dairy farmers to understand their vaccination intentions for each disease.Simultaneously, veterinarians overseeing these farms provided insights into their opinions and perceived influence on vaccination decisions. Results revealed varying levels of farmer vaccination intention, with Botulism showing the highest and BEF the lowest. Social pressure significantly influenced farmers' vaccination intentions, with distinct patterns across diseases. Veterinarian opinions had the highest influence only for LSD, while other factors played crucial roles in different diseases. Intriguingly, there was no correlation between veterinarians' recommendations and farmers' perceptions of these recommendations. In conclusion, the optimization of voluntary vaccination programs necessitates tailoring interventions to the unique characteristics of each disease. Additionally, improving communication between veterinarians and farmers is essential, with an emphasis on effective risk communication training.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Industria Lechera , Agricultores , Vacunación , Veterinarios , Animales , Bovinos , Veterinarios/psicología , Vacunación/veterinaria , Vacunación/psicología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Agricultores/psicología , Humanos , Israel , Femenino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Intención

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cattle lameness is a significant welfare and economic problem facing the livestock industry. Published research has investigated foot trimming practices in dairy herds, but little is known about the practices in beef herds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to obtain information about the current practices of professional cattle foot trimmers concerning beef cattle within the UK. METHODS: An online survey comprising 16 questions was created using the Joint Information Systems Committee platform. The survey was open for 3 months. RESULTS: There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the proportions of dairy cattle and beef cattle receiving preventative foot trims. Digital dermatitis was the most commonly recorded cause of lameness when a lame beef animal was trimmed by the respondents, followed by white line disease. A thematic analysis of foot trimmers' opinions of barriers to engagement on beef farms is presented, in addition to their opinions on veterinary involvement with beef lameness. LIMITATIONS: Distribution bias may have affected the results, as the survey was distributed online with support from the Cattle Hoof Care Standards Board and the National Association of Cattle Hoof Trimmers. The percentage of foot trimmers not affiliated with either professional body is not known. CONCLUSION: Further research on the impact of lameness on suckler and finishing cattle, including investigations into preventative actions to reduce lameness in beef systems, is warranted.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Cojera Animal , Animales , Bovinos , Cojera Animal/prevención & control , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Pezuñas y Garras/patología , Humanos , Enfermedades del Pie/veterinaria , Enfermedades del Pie/prevención & control , Femenino

RESUMEN

Pimelea poisoning of cattle causes distinct symptoms and frequently death, attributable to the toxin simplexin. Pimelea poisoning was induced via addition of ground Pimelea trichostachya plant to the daily feed in a three-month trial with Droughtmaster steers. The trial tested four potential mitigation treatments, namely, biochar, activated biochar, bentonite, and a bacterial inoculum, and incorporated negative and positive control groups. All treatments tested were unable to prevent the development of simplexin poisoning effects. However, steers consuming a bentonite adsorbent together with Pimelea showed lesser rates-of-decline for body weight (P < 0.05) and four hematological parameters (P < 0.02), compared to the positive control group fed Pimelea only. Microbiome analysis revealed that despite displaying poisoning symptoms, the rumen microbial populations of animals receiving Pimelea were very resilient, with dominant bacterial populations maintained over time. Unexpectedly, clinical edema developed in some animals up to 2 weeks after Pimelea dosing was ceased.

Asunto(s)

Alimentación Animal , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Animales , Bovinos , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Masculino , Carbón Orgánico/administración & dosificación , Australia , Intoxicación por Plantas/veterinaria , Intoxicación por Plantas/prevención & control , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bentonita/química , Rumen/microbiología , Rumen/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Background: Escherichia coli is one of the serious pathogens causing various infections in the animal field, such as neonatal calf diarrhea, which is responsible for mortality associated with diarrhea during the first days of life. Aim: Current work is aimed at designing an effective and safe multiepitope vaccine candidate against E. coli infection in calves based on the fimbrial protein K99 of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Immuno-informatics. Methods: A conserved sequence of K99 protein was generated, and then highly antigenic, nonallergic, and overlapped epitopes were used to construct a multiepitope vaccine. Five THL, six MHC II, and four beta cell epitopes were targeted to create the candidate. The candidate vaccine was produced utilizing 15 epitopes and three types of linkers, two types of untranslated region (UTR) human hemoglobin subunit beta (HBB), UTR beta-globin (Rabb), and RpfE protein as an immunomodulation adjuvant. Results: Immuno-informatics analysis of the constructed protein showed that the protein was antigenic (antigenic score of 0.8841), stable, nonallergen, and soluble. Furthermore, the Immuno-informatics and physiochemical analysis of the constructed protein showed a stable, nonallergic, soluble, hydrophilic, and acidic PI (isoelectric point). of 9.34. Docking of the candidate vaccine with the toll-like receptor TLR3 was performed, and results showed a strong interaction between the immune receptor and the vaccine. Finally, the expression efficiency of the construct in E. coli was estimated via computational cloning of the vaccine sequence into Pet28a. Conclusion: Results of immunoinformatics and in silico approaches reveal that the designed vaccine is antigenic, stable, and able to bind to the immune cell receptors. Our results interpret the proposed multiepitope mRNA vaccine as a good preventive option against E. coli infection in calves.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Biología Computacional , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigénica , Infecciones por Escherichia coli , Vacunas contra Escherichia coli , Animales , Bovinos , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigénica/inmunología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/prevención & control , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/inmunología , Vacunas contra Escherichia coli/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Epítopos/inmunología , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Inmunoinformática

RESUMEN

To understand the progress of national schistosomiasis elimination program of China in 2023 and summarize the lessons and experiences, data on the endemic status of schistosomiasis and national schistosomiasis surveillance results in the People's Republic of China were collected and analyzed at a national level. By the end of 2023, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination, and Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces maintained the criteria of transmission interruption, while Yunnan and Hubei provinces were identified to achieve the criteria of transmission interruption in 2020, and Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces achieved the criteria of transmission interruption in 2023. A total of 451 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2023, including 26 250 endemic villages covering 73 034 500 residents at risk of infections. Among the 451 endemic counties (cities, districts), 78.49% (354/451) achieved the criteria of schistosomiasis elimination and 21.51% (97/451) achieved the criteria of transmission interruption, respectively. In 2023, a total of 4 216 643 individuals received immunological tests, with 47 794 sero-positives identified, and a total of 184 216 individuals received parasitological examinations, with 4 egg-positives detected. A total of 27 768 cases with advanced schistosomiasis were documented in China by the end of 2023. In 2023, 539 548 bovines were raised in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, and 125 440 bovines received immunological tests, with 124 sero-positives detected, while no egg-positives were identified among the 133 508 bovines receiving parasitological examinations. In 2023, snail survey was performed at an area of 641 339.53 hm2 and 184 819.77 hm2 snail habitats were identified, including 51.53 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 642.25 hm2 reemerging snail habitats. In 2023, there were 20 198 schistosomiasis patients receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and 598 183 person-time individuals and 283 954 herdtime bovines were given expanded chemotherapy. In 2023, snail control with chemical treatment was performed in 116 347.95 hm2 snail habitats, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 65 690.89 hm2, while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 1 334.62 hm2. The national schistosomiasis surveillance results showed that the mean prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections were both zero among humans and bovines in 2023, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in snails. These data demonstrated that transmission interruption of schistosomiasis had been achieved across all endemic provinces in China in 2023, and the endemic status of schistosomiasis tended to be stable, while advanced cases were predominant among all schistosomiasis cases. However, the areas of snail habitats remained high and cattle re-raising was very common in some regions. Intensified schistosomiasis surveillance and forecast and snail control in high-risk areas are needed.

Asunto(s)

Esquistosomiasis , China/epidemiología , Humanos , Esquistosomiasis/prevención & control , Esquistosomiasis/epidemiología , Esquistosomiasis/transmisión , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/métodos , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/estadística & datos numéricos

RESUMEN

Feeble government response and lack of industry cooperation hamper U.S. control efforts.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Productos Lácteos , Industria Lechera , Erradicación de la Enfermedad , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Aviar , Animales , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Gripe Aviar/epidemiología , Gripe Aviar/transmisión , Aves , Productos Lácteos/virología , Gobierno Federal