RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy, a cornerstone treatment for childhood cancers, can negatively impact oral health. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and evolution of oral complications in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study enrolled 44 children diagnosed with malignancy undergoing chemotherapy at a tertiary care institute in central India. Oral examinations were performed at baseline, with follow-ups at 3-6 and 9-12 months. Data collected included demographics, medical history, oral hygiene practices, and oral lesions. Blood counts and World Health Organization grading for mucositis were used. Descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests analyzed the data (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most prevalent malignancy. Children reported various oral complaints such as ulcers, bleeding gums, and difficulty eating. Mucositis prevalence significantly decreased over follow-up visits (baseline: 56.8% and second follow-up: 13.3%). Gingival inflammation was present, though mean scores decreased over time. Oral hygiene scores varied without significant changes. Caries experience scores increased from baseline to follow-up. CONCLUSION: This study identified a high prevalence of ALL and diverse oral complications in children undergoing chemotherapy. While mucositis severity lessened over time, other issues such as caries persisted. These findings highlight the critical need for preventive oral care strategies to safeguard this vulnerable population's oral health.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos , Humanos , Niño , Estudios Prospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , India/epidemiología , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/inducido químicamente , Prevalencia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/complicaciones , Higiene Bucal , Estomatitis/epidemiología , Estomatitis/inducido químicamente , Adolescente , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/complicaciones

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Oral alterations are frequently observed in patients undergoing palliative care and are linked to the direct or indirect effects of the primary medical condition, comorbidities and medical management, leading to oral pain, impacting oral intake, and affecting quality of life. This systematic review aims to assess the prevalence of oral disease in palliative care patients. METHODS: The protocol was registered at the PROSPERO database, and a systematic review of the literature was performed based on the PRISMA statement. A thorough evaluation of studies from five databases and gray literature was conducted. The risk of bias in each study was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for cross-sectional and case-control studies. A quantitative analysis was conducted on five studies using meta-analysis, and the degree of certainty in the evidence was determined using the GRADE tool. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 2,502 patients, with a slight male predominance (50.43%). The average age was 66.92 years. The prevalence of oral diseases among palliative care patients was as follows: caries 32% (95% CI, 0.11-0.56; I2 = 93%), and oral candidiasis 17% (95% CI,0.11-0.25; I2 = 74%). Gingivitis and stomatitis were also reported, but with less frequency. CONCLUSION: Dental intervention should take place as early as possible, ideally from the time of the patient's initial admission to palliative care, with regular monitoring of oral health. This approach can enhance the patient's comfort and quality of life and help prevent more severe complications in the future.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de la Boca , Cuidados Paliativos , Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Prevalencia , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/etiología , Calidad de Vida , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases. Specifically, the study aimed to determine how treatment affects the changes in the quality of life of these patients. METHODS: This descriptive study involved 220 patients diagnosed with chronic oral mucosal lesions. Data were collected using the Chronic Oral Mucosal Disease Questionnaire, validated for use in Persian/Farsi. The study population was selected through convenience sampling. Data analysis employed descriptive statistical methods, including frequency and percentage distribution tables, graphs, measures of central tendency, and dispersion. Additionally, confidence intervals were utilized for the studied ratios and indices. RESULTS: Among the study population, 129 (58.6%) were male and 91 (41.4%) were female. The mean quality of life, as assessed by the utilized questionnaire, was 61.9 ± 13.2. The results indicated that females and unemployed individuals reported lower quality of life compared to males and employed individuals, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In the population studied the quality of life of patients with chronic mucous membrane diseases was influenced by various factors, including gender, income, employment, and place of residence.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de la Boca , Mucosa Bucal , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Irán/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Enfermedad Crónica , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Anciano , Factores Sexuales , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Renta/estadística & datos numéricos , Empleo/estadística & datos numéricos

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and oral disorders remains unclear. This study examined the prevalence and types of dental abnormalities and oral mucosal lesions among female students with obesity attending a Taif University sports centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This non-interventional cross-sectional study enrolled female students with high BMI from a university sports facility using a convivence sampling method. The participants were divided into three BMI groups. Data were collected using an interview and by clinical oral examination. Prevalence and oral disorder types and possible mechanisms linking BMI and dental development were evaluated. RESULTS: Ultimately, 86 female students with obesity were analysed. The mean BMI was 42.8 kg/m2, indicating high obesity levels. A weak although statistically significant correlation was observed between age and BMI (r=0.27), indicating that older students had higher BMI. A statistically significant association was observed between BMI and dental abnormalities (p0.05). The dental abnormality prevalence increased with BMI, ranging from 37.5% to 40.7% in the ≤40 and >45 kg/m2 groups, respectively. Most participants (66.3%) had oral mucosal lesions, with the highest prevalence among participants in the 40-45 kg/m2 group (71.4%). CONCLUSION: A statistically significant relationship was observed between BMI and dental abnormalities; obesity may negatively affect oral health.

Asunto(s)

Índice de Masa Corporal , Obesidad , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Prevalencia , Adulto Joven , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Adulto , Maloclusión/epidemiología , Anomalías Dentarias/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Adolescente

RESUMEN

This study was designed to investigate the expression of HPV16 L1-protein in biopsies of oral mucosa samples. The expression of HPV16 L1 protein was investigated in biopsies taken from oral mucosa from patients who required pathological diagnosis of oral lesions. Seventy-two samples were incubated with anti-L1 protein monoclonal antibodies and protein detection was revealed with diaminobenzidine. Expression of L1 protein was performed by a pathologist blinded for tissue diagnosis under light microscopy. Most of the lesions of oral mucosa were present in lining mucosa (75 %) and the most frequent lesion were mucocele (n = 17, 23.6 %), epithelial hyperplasia (n = 6, 8.33 %), fibroma (n = 5, 6.9 %) and inflammatory hyperplasia (n = 5, 6.9 %). L1 protein expression was observed only in five (6.9 %) samples (two squamous cell carcinomas, two epithelial hyperplasia, and one gingival hyperplasia). We concluded that L1 expression in oral biopsies presented a low frequency in oral mucosal biopsies samples.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas de la Cápside , Mucosa Bucal , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Humanos , Biopsia , Femenino , Mucosa Bucal/virología , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Adulto , Masculino , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ecuador/epidemiología , Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , Proteínas de la Cápside/inmunología , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Anciano , Prevalencia , Enfermedades de la Boca/virología , Enfermedades de la Boca/patología , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Papillomavirus Humano 16/genética , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias de la Boca/virología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnóstico

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Oral health is a relevant component for overall health. Oral disease onset at an early age and may harm several health dimensions, especially among older people, and has been associated with frailty. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate associations between the Frailty Index (FI) and self-reported oral diseases among older, community-dwelling Japanese people. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and prospective analyses were performed. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We analyzed data from 2,529 participants at the baseline and four-year follow-up of the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of Aging, which had a four-year follow-up. MEASUREMENTS: We used the self-reported number of teeth, self-reported satisfaction with dentures, and self-reported ability to chew hard food as independent variables. We computed an FI that included 40 deficits as the dependent variable. The FI score ranged from 0 to 1, with a higher score associated with adverse health outcomes and mortality. Considering a gamma distribution and controlling for age, gender, marital status, education, working status, and residence area, we fitted generalized linear models. RESULTS: We found that dissatisfied denture users had a 2.1% (95% CI 1.006-3.279) higher frailty score than non-denture users at the baseline and a 2.1% (95% CI 0.629-3.690) higher frailty score than non-denture users at the four-year follow-up. In the cross-sectional analysis, with each additional reported tooth at the baseline, the FI score was lower by 1.5% (95% CI -2.878 to -0.208) at the four-year follow-up. In both the cross-sectional and the prospective analyses, the FI scores increased as the ability to chew hard food decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported oral diseases are associated with the FI score cross-sectionally and prospectively. Identifying factors prospectively associated with frailty may improve strategies for the next generation of older people. Considering oral diseases may help clinicians personalize treatment plans for older people.

Asunto(s)

Fragilidad , Enfermedades de la Boca , Autoinforme , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Japón/epidemiología , Fragilidad/epidemiología , Fragilidad/diagnóstico , Estudios Transversales , Estudios de Seguimiento , Estudios Prospectivos , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anciano Frágil/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Vida Independiente , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Estudios Longitudinales , Dentaduras/estadística & datos numéricos , Pueblos del Este de Asia

Asunto(s)

Población Rural , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Anciano , Femenino , Masculino , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Poor oral health and oral dysbiosis were found to be associated with cancers, especially of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. But the cause-and-effect relationship and the effect of the risk are not yet known due to scarcity of literature. Understanding such risk relationship can contribute to an integrated multi-disciplinary approach for GI cancer prevention. AIM: The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the role of oral dysbiosis on increasing the risk of digestive system cancers. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of poor oral health on increasing the risk of gastrointestinal cancers. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in databases PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley's online library and Web of Science from inception to February 2023 to include recent cohort studies that assessed the association between poor oral health and the risk of cancer. We assessed bias using the New Castle Ottawa scale. We used inferential statistics to describe the effect of oral dysbiosis on gastrointestinal cancers. We performed a sub-group analysis to assess the effect of oral conditions on individual cancers. RESULTS: We included 10 longitudinal studies in the meta-analysis. The overall effect size of poor oral health and GI cancer risk was hazard's ratio (HR) =1.30 (95% CI: [1.14, 1.46]) (p<0.001) (I2 = 68.78). Sub-group analysis indicated that poor oral health increases the risk of esophageal cancer HR=1.61 (95% CI: [1.37, 1.85]), stomach cancer HR=1.33 (95% CI: [1.08, 1.58]), pancreatic cancer HR=1.90 (95% CI; [1.29, 2.50]) and colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma HR=1.16 (95% CI: [1.08, 1.23]). CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis indicated that poor oral health was significantly associated with increasing the risk of GI cancers.

Asunto(s)

Disbiosis , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales , Salud Bucal , Humanos , Disbiosis/complicaciones , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales/etiología , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/etiología , Riesgo

RESUMEN

Background: The manifestations of bullous pemphigoid (BP) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection are similar in oral mucosa, and the laboratory detection of HSV has some limitations, making it difficult to identify the HSV infection in oral lesions of BP. In addition, the treatments for BP and HSV infection have contradictory aspects. Thus, it is important to identify the HSV infection in BP patients in time. Objective: To identify the prevalence and clinical markers of HSV infection in oral lesions of BP. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 42 BP patients with oral lesions. A total of 32 BP patients without oral lesions and 41 healthy individuals were enrolled as control groups. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect HSV. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with HSV infection were compared with those without infection. Results: A total of 19 (45.2%) BP patients with oral lesions, none (0.0%) BP patients without oral lesions, and four (9.8%) healthy individuals were positive for HSV on oral mucosa. Among BP patients with oral lesions, the inconsistent activity between oral and skin lesions (p=0.001), absence of blister/blood blister in oral lesions (p=0.020), and pain for oral lesions (p=0.014) were more often seen in HSV-positive than HSV-negative BP patients; the dosage of glucocorticoid (p=0.023) and the accumulated glucocorticoid dosage in the last 2 weeks (2-week AGC dosage) (p=0.018) were higher in HSV-positive BP patients. Combining the above five variables as test variable, the AUC was 0.898 (p<0.001) with HSV infection as state variable in ROC analysis. The absence of blister/blood blister in oral lesions (p=0.030) and pain for oral lesions (p=0.038) were found to be independent predictors of HSV infection in multivariable analysis. A total of 14 (73.7%) HSV-positive BP patients were treated with 2-week famciclovir and the oral mucosa BPDAI scores significantly decreased (p<0.001). Conclusion: HSV infection is common in BP oral lesions. The inconsistent activity between oral and skin lesions, absence of blister in oral lesions, pain for oral lesions, higher currently used glucocorticoid dosage, and higher 2-week AGC dosage in BP patients should alert physicians to HSV infection in oral lesions and treat them with 2-week famciclovir in time.

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Herpes Simple , Penfigoide Ampolloso , Simplexvirus , Humanos , Penfigoide Ampolloso/epidemiología , Penfigoide Ampolloso/tratamiento farmacológico , Penfigoide Ampolloso/diagnóstico , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Simplexvirus/aislamiento & purificación , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Mucosa Bucal/virología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/virología , Adulto

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This review aimed to chart the landscape of literature concerning the precise applications of traditional medicine in managing specific oral diseases and, in doing so, to pinpoint knowledge gaps surrounding the use of traditional medicine for oral disease management in the African context. METHODS: A systematic search of the literature was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL. The search was conducted from the inception of the database till September 2023. A search of related citations and references was also carried out. Only English language publications were included. A summary of studies that met the inclusion criteria was conducted. RESULTS: Of the 584 records identified, 11 were duplicates and 12 studies, published between 2006 and 2021, met the inclusion criteria. The studies were published from eight countries located in the five sub-regions on the continent. All the studies were either experimental designs or ethnobotanical surveys and they all utilized plant-based remedies. The five experimental studies aimed to assess the impact of whole plants or plant extracts on the three microorganisms responsible for dental caries and seven responsible for periodontal diseases. The number of plant species identified by the seven ethnobotanical surveys ranged from 29 to 62 while the number of plan families ranged from 15 to 29. The remedies were either topical applied, use as mouth rinses, gargled, or chewed. The systemic routes of administration identified were inhalation and drinking. The remedies were used for the treatment of hard such as dental caries and tooth sensitivity, to soft tissue lesions such as mouth ulcers, gingival bleeding, and mouth thrush. Other oral disorders managed include halitosis, jaw fracture, and oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Given the increasing prevalence of oral diseases within the region, the shortage of oral healthcare professionals and limited access to financial resources, it becomes imperative to support the generation of empirical evidence to enhance the provision of traditional medicine for oral healthcare in Africa.

Asunto(s)

Medicinas Tradicionales Africanas , Salud Bucal , Humanos , África/epidemiología , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Caries Dental/terapia , Etnobotánica , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Enfermedades Periodontales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Periodontales/terapia , Fitoterapia/métodos

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Penfigoide Benigno de la Membrana Mucosa , Pénfigo , Humanos , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Penfigoide Benigno de la Membrana Mucosa/epidemiología , Penfigoide Benigno de la Membrana Mucosa/diagnóstico , Penfigoide Benigno de la Membrana Mucosa/inmunología , Pénfigo/epidemiología , Pénfigo/diagnóstico , Prevalencia

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking statistics are alarming and the oral mucosa is the first human part of the body that is exposed to the toxic substances of smoking. AIMS: Considering the high prevalence rate of tobacco-associated problems in the oral cavity and few studies on the Iranian population regarding the effects of smoking on the oral cavity, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between smoking and oral lesions in the Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational study. In this observational study, the oral cavities of 200 participants (smokers = 100 and non-smokers = 100) were examined by a trained dental student under the supervision of an oral and maxillofacial medicine expert, and the presence of coated tongue, leukoedema, leukoplakia, smoker's palate, smoker's melanosis, erythroplakia, frictional hyperkeratosis, acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, and erythematous candidiasis were recorded. Xerostomia was evaluated based on participants' self-reporting through a questionnaire. All data were analyzed using T-test, Chi-square test, odd ratio, 95% confidence interval, Fisher's exact test, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The results of this study showed smoking is significantly associated with an increased risk of coated tongue (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.32-3.54, P = 0.005), smoker's melanosis (OR: 6.176, 95% CI: 3.28-11.62, P = 0.00002), and frictional hyperkeratosis (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.68-2.60, P = 0.005). However, no significant association was observed between smoking and leukoedema (OR: 1, 95% CI: 0.51-1.94, P = 1). None of the participants presented smoker's palate, erythroplakia, and candidiasis. CONCLUSIONS: This study's results showed that smokers exhibited a greater chance of developing oral lesions compared to non-smokers.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de la Boca , Mucosa Bucal , Fumadores , Humanos , Irán/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/etiología , Fumadores/estadística & datos numéricos , Fumar/epidemiología , Fumar/efectos adversos , No Fumadores/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Adulto Joven , Xerostomía/epidemiología , Anciano , Leucoplasia Bucal/epidemiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease that may affect the oral mucosa. The variable spectrum of oral lesions observed in SLE can pose challenges in diagnosis, particularly when the lesions occur in isolation. The aim of this study was to describe the oral lesions occurring in patients with SLE from Latin America. METHODS: This collaborative record-based study involving 11 oral and maxillofacial pathology and medicine services across Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and Mexico describes the clinicopathological profile of SLE-related oral lesions. RESULTS: Seventy patients with SLE and oral lesions were included in the study. The majority were females (75.7%; female/male ratio: 3.1:1) and white (62.1%), with a mean age of 38.4 years (range: 11-77 years). The most common site of oral lesions was the hard/soft palate (32.0%). Clinically, oral lesions predominantly presented as ulcers (26.6%), erosions (26.6%), and white lesions (23.4%). Isolated oral lesions occurred in 65.2% of individuals, while cutaneous manifestations occurred in 80.3%. The main clinical diagnostic hypothesis in 71.4% of cases was an immune-mediated disease. Oral biopsies followed by histopathological analysis were performed in 50 cases. CONCLUSION: Oral lesions of SLE exhibit a variety of clinical and histopathological features. A key point in diagnosis is that unusual oral changes without an obvious local cause may indicate a possible systemic condition presenting with oral lesions. A multidisciplinary approach, which includes regular oral examination, is warranted to identify oral lesions and provide treatment.

Asunto(s)

Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico , Enfermedades de la Boca , Humanos , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/epidemiología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/diagnóstico , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Adolescente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Niño , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/etiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/patología , Anciano , América Latina/epidemiología , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Biopsia

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: As antiretroviral therapy has become widely available and highly effective, HIV has evolved to a manageable, chronic disease. Despite this health advancement, people living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk for age-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. Similarly, PLWH are at an increased risk for selected oral diseases. PLWH with a history of injecting drugs experience an even greater burden of disease than their counterparts. The overall objective of the Baltimore Oral Epidemiology, Disease Effects, and HIV Evaluation (BEEHIVE) study is to determine the combined effects of HIV infection and NCDs on oral health status. The specific aims of the study are to: (1) determine to what extent HIV status influences access to and utilization of oral health care services; (2) determine to what extent HIV status affects self-reported and clinical oral health status; (3) determine to what extent HIV status influences the progression of periodontitis; and (4) determine to what extent HIV status impacts the periodontitis-associated oral microbiome signature. METHODS: The BEEHIVE study uses a prospective cohort study design to collect data from participants at baseline and at a 24-month follow-up visit. Data are collected through questionnaire assessments, clinical examinations, and evaluation of oral microbiological samples to determine the drivers of oral disease among a high-risk population of PLWH with a history of injection drug use and prevalent comorbid NCDs. The established AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience (ALIVE) cohort serves as the source of participants for the BEEHIVE Study. DISCUSSION: Upon completion of the BEEHIVE study, the knowledge gained will be important in informing future clinical and preventive interventions that can be implemented into medical and dental practice to ultimately help eliminate long-standing oral health inequities that PLWH experience.

Asunto(s)

Infecciones por VIH , Enfermedades de la Boca , Periodontitis , Humanos , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Prospectivos , Baltimore/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología

RESUMEN

Existing studies on multimorbidity have largely excluded oral diseases in multimorbidity prevalence estimates. The reason behind this is somewhat unclear, as chronic oral conditions are highly prevalent, affecting over half the global population. To address this gap, we examined the relationship between social disadvantage and multimorbidity, stratifying by the inclusion and exclusion of oral conditions. For participants aged 30 y and over (n = 3,693), cross-sectional analysis was carried out using the US National Health and Nutrition Survey (2013-2014). Multimorbidity was defined as having 2 or more chronic conditions. Five medical conditions were examined: diabetes, asthma, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and depression, as well as 4 oral health conditions: caries, periodontal disease, number of teeth, and edentulousness. Education and income poverty ratio were selected as measures of social disadvantage. Multimorbidity prevalence estimates according to social disadvantage were analyzed on an absolute and relative scale using inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW), adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity. The inclusion of oral health conditions in the assessment of multimorbidity increased the overall prevalence of multimorbidity from 20.8% to 53.4%. Findings from IPTW analysis demonstrated clear social gradients for multimorbidity estimates stratified by the exclusion of oral conditions. Upon inclusion of oral conditions, the prevalence of multimorbidity was higher across all social groups for both education and income. Stratifying by the inclusion of oral conditions, the mean probability of multimorbidity was 27% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-30%) higher in the low-education group compared to the high-education group. Similarly, the mean probability of multimorbidity was 44% (95% CI, 40%-48%) higher in the low-income group. On a relative scale, low education was associated with a 1.52 times (95% CI, 1.44-1.61) higher prevalence of multimorbidity compared to high education. Low income was associated with a 2.18 (95% CI, 1.99-2.39) higher prevalence of multimorbidity. This novel study strongly supports the impact of chronic oral conditions on multimorbidity prevalence estimates.

Asunto(s)

Multimorbilidad , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , Prevalencia , Anciano , Encuestas Nutricionales , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Enfermedad Crónica/epidemiología , Salud Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Periodontales/epidemiología , Escolaridad , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Asma/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Smoking is a major global health problem with serious systemic and oral consequences. This study aims at assessing the influence of smoking cigarettes and other types of smoked tobacco on oral conditions (OCs) using a representative sample of US adults. METHODS: Pre-pandemic data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020 were utilized, and 7840 adults aged ≥30 years were included in our analyses. Descriptive statistics, logistic, and negative binomial regression models were performed to assess the relationship between tobacco products and OCs including, tooth loss (TL), coronal (CC) and root caries (RC). RESULTS: Overall, 16.29% of our sample were current cigarette smokers (CCS). TL (17.25%) and untreated RC (28.26%) were more evident among CCS. In the adjusted regression models, smoking cigarettes was associated with RC (AOR: 3.20, 95% CI; 2.02, 5.09), untreated CC (IRR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.50, 6.31), and TL (IRR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.88). Regarding the type of used tobacco product in the past 5 days, cigarettes were the most common type (15.03%). The adjusted model indicated that e-cigarette smokers had the highest odds of untreated RC (AOR: 5.17, 95% CI: 2.19, 12.23) and the highest rate of TL (IRR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.45, 3.35). Further, cigar smokers had the highest rate of teeth with untreated CC (IRR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.46, 7.25). CONCLUSIONS: Using tobacco products is associated with poor OCs. Dentists, being the primary oral health care providers, can play a crucial role in counseling and supporting smokers to quit as part of their routine dental examination.

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Encuestas Nutricionales , Productos de Tabaco , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Productos de Tabaco/estadística & datos numéricos , Pérdida de Diente/epidemiología , Anciano , Salud Bucal , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of emergency department (ED) usage primarily for oral/dental conditions in Hawaii and to examine social-demographic factors associated with the identified ED visits. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of the 2021 Hawaii Statewide Hospital data. We identified records indicating ED usage and a primary diagnosis of non-traumatic dental conditions (NTDC) and other oral dental conditions (OODC). Descriptive analyses of ED visits for NTDC and OODC were performed to identify vulnerable individuals based on age, sex, race/ethnicity, primary source of payment, county of residence, and total charges per hospital record. A multivariable negative binomial regression model included age, sex, and county of residence was used to obtain adjusted rate ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ED visits for NTDC. RESULTS: Among hospital records with diagnoses for oral or dental conditions (n = 12,336), 97% indicated ED, of which half had an NTDC diagnosis, and the remaining half had an OODC diagnosis. Distinct differences in the characteristics of ED visits were observed between NTDC and OODC. The median total charges per record indicating ED for NTDC and OODC were $1439 and $2439, respectively. A higher rate of ED visits for NTDC was found for those aged 21-44 (aRR [95%CI] = 3.02 [2.41, 3.80], reference: 0-9 years) and those living in a less populous county (Hawaii: 1.73 [1.43, 2.07]; Kauai: 1.78 [1.45, 2.19], reference: Honolulu). CONCLUSIONS: Continued effort to improve dental health is required to reduce ED visits for oral and dental conditions among Hawaii residents, especially for vulnerable individuals.

Asunto(s)

Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Humanos , Hawaii , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Niño , Anciano , Preescolar , Adulto Joven , Lactante , Enfermedades Estomatognáticas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to identify the lifestyle risk factors associated with benign and potentially malignant oral disorders. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The study enrolled first-time patients from the Oral Pathology Section, volunteers from Oviedo, and first-time patients from the University of Oviedo dental clinic. Patients underwent a survey that included sociodemographic information, lifestyle habits, and medical history. A comprehensive examination of the oral mucosa was conducted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted using R software. RESULTS: Among the 183 participants, the most prevalent lesions were varicose veins (43.20%), cheek/lip biting (34.97%), and coated tongue (33.33%). Among the oral potentially malignant disorders (16.39%) were oral lichen planus (12.64%) and leukoplakia (3.33%). Tobacco was associated with melanotic pigmentation (OR 3.87, P = .001) and coated tongue (OR 5.90, P = .001). Longer intervals since the last check-up were associated with traumatic keratosis (OR 2.95, P = .031). Age and heavy smoking were found to have higher risk of developing an oral potentially malignant disorder (OR 1.04, P = .035, and OR 7.35, P = .028, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These data should be considered when organizing public health programs focused on the detection and screening of heavy smokers. It is also important to strengthen the oral pathology units in universities as reference centers for students to acquire the necessary knowledge for their diagnosis and treatment, while simultaneously promoting awareness of this risk factor for oral precancer among the general population.

Asunto(s)

Lesiones Precancerosas , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Prevalencia , Lesiones Precancerosas/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Anciano , Estilo de Vida , Fumar/epidemiología , Leucoplasia Bucal/epidemiología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, epidemiological profile, and clinical characteristics of Oral or Oropharyngeal Mucosal Lesions (OOPML) in patients attended at the Otorhinolaryngology Service of the Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI-FIOCRUZ) from 2005 to 2017. METHODS: Statistical analysis of descriptive data from medical records (gender, age, education level, skin color, origin, smoking, alcoholism, HIV co-infection, time of disease evolution, first symptom, and OOPML location) was performed. RESULTS: Of 7551 patients attended at the service, 620 (8.2%) were included in the study. OOPML were classified into developmental anomalies (n = 3), infectious diseases (non-granulomatous n = 220; granulomatous n = 155), autoimmune diseases (n = 24), neoplasms (benign n = 13; malignant, n = 103), and unclassified epithelial/soft tissue diseases (n = 102). OOPML of infectious diseases (60.5%) and neoplasms (18.7%) were the most frequent. The predominant demographics of patients with OOPML were: males (63.5%), white (53.5%), and those in the fifth to sixth decades of life (43.3%). Local pain (18.1%) and odynophagia (15%) were the most reported first symptoms, and the most frequent OOPML sites were the palatine tonsil (28.5%), hard palate (22.7%), and tongue (20.3%). The median evolution time was three months. CONCLUSIONS: Infectious OOPML were the most frequent, as expected in a reference center for infectious diseases, and thus, they are likely to be less frequent in general care and/or dental services. Underreporting of OOPML is possible, as oral/oropharyngeal examination is often not included in the routine medical examination. Oral cavity/oropharynx examination should be performed by specialists, such as dentists and otorhinolaryngologists, who have the expertise in identifying OOPML, even in incipient/asymptomatic cases. Given the numerous diseases in which OOPML can present, diagnosis could be facilitated by multidisciplinary teams, potentially enabling the early treatment of diseases, and thus, reduce morbidity and improve prognosis. The use of standardized medical records for oral/oropharyngeal systematic examination could provide relevant tools for differential diagnoses and information for new clinical-epidemiological studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de la Boca , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Niño , Anciano , Prevalencia , Preescolar , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Brasil/epidemiología , Lactante , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedades Faríngeas/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Several prevalence studies have estimated the region-specific impact of oral diseases on oral health-related quality of life. However, none of them reported and compared the same from a global perspective. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate pooled epidemiologic data about child-oral impacts on daily performance (C-OIDP) globally. METHODS: A search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, SciELO, Semantic scholar, and Cochrane databases up to January 2023. Studies evaluating OIDP among 11-18-year-olds were included in the review. Quality of the included studies was evaluated using the health states quality index for cross-sectional studies. The meta-analysis used R package software version 4.3.0. A common effect model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO (CRD-NIHR) database with Reference ID CRD42023393798. RESULTS: The systematic literature search yielded 257 unique citations. After screening titles and abstracts, 214 irrelevant citations were excluded, leaving 55 for full-text review. Overall, 43 studies from 23 countries were included. The meta-analysis reported a pooled prevalence impact C-OIDP of 53.36% (CI: 52.78-53.95, 43 studies, 16,622 participants). The prevalence of C-OIDP scores among South America, Asia, Europe, Africa and Oceania was 83%, 63%, 58%, 33% and 47%, respectively. The maximum prevalence was reported in South America while the least prevalence was noted in the African population. CONCLUSION: Oral diseases affect the oral health-related quality of life of more than half of children and adolescents globally. Huge variations were noted in the prevalence of oral impacts across different regions. These findings can be utilized by policymakers to draft measures required for reducing impacts of oral diseases and improving the health-related quality of life.

Asunto(s)

Salud Global , Salud Bucal , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Adolescente , Niño , Prevalencia , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Actividades Cotidianas