RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify in the literature the factors associated with the inconsistent use of conservation by the young population. METHOD: Systematic review that searched for studies in six data sources in June 2023, with no publication date or language restrictions. Materials were selected by two independent reviewers who individually screened observational studies by reading the title and abstract of the articles. The studies were assessed for methodological quality and narrative synthesis. RESULTS: Of the 15,783 publications retrieved, nine were included. It was found that anal sex, not carrying a condom, low education, shame about buying condoms, drug use, early sexual debut and difficulties in negotiating condom use were factors associated with inconsistent condom use among the young population. CONCLUSION: Multidimensional factors are associated with inconsistent condom use, permeated by sociodemographic, cultural and behavioral elements that challenge practices and policies aimed at promoting sexual and reproductive health, including the control of sexually transmitted infections.
Asunto(s)
Condones , Conducta Sexual , Humanos , Condones/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Femenino , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/prevención & control , Masculino , Sexo Seguro/psicologíaRESUMEN
Despite country-level initiatives and efforts, syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to pose a serious public health problem in the Americas. Although there are many activities aimed at eliminating vertical transmission of syphilis, adult syphilis infection rates have risen in many countries. This rise has been recorded in several population groups, as shown by data from different countries, but mainly in pregnant women. In addition to syphilis, other STIs such as gonorrhea—as well as antimicrobial resistance to treatment—pose challenges to the sustainability of the public health response and the elimination of STIs. An estimated 11 million new cases of STIs occur every year in the Americas, and many countries have only limited resources for etiological diagnosis and surveillance of treatment resistance. The purpose of the meeting was to assess the situation and formulate consensus recommendations for innovative, effective, and integrated strategic lines of action for the response to syphilis and other STIs and the elimination of mpox in Latin America and the Caribbean, based on WHO guidance.
Asunto(s)
Mpox , Sífilis , Gonorrea , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Enfermedades TransmisiblesRESUMEN
Esta es un documento de reporte de la reunión cocnsultiva de expertos en torno a la emergencia del mpox y la creciente tendencia del número de casos de sifilis y resistencia a la gonorrea en la región. En ese marco los y las participantes de la reunión consultiva hacen un llamado a los gobiernos, y todos los actores de la salud pública, incluyendo profesionales de la salud, académicos, sociedades científicas, sociedad civil, comunidades y socios de la cooperación internacional en las Américas sobre la urgencia de actuar en la respuesta de salud pública en los siguientes temas integración del abordaje de la mpox en ITS, asi como la integración de las ITS con otros temas de salud , es fundamnetal renovar el compromiso politico para el abordaje de la sifilis , mpox y otras ITS.
Asunto(s)
Mpox , Sífilis , Gonorrea , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Enfermedades TransmisiblesRESUMEN
Los países de las Américas han adoptado el compromiso de eliminar la sífilis congénita como problema de salud pública para el 2030. Esta meta se traduce en reducir la incidencia de sífilis congénita a menos de 0,5 casos por 1000 nacidos vivos. Además de alcanzar la meta de impacto, la eliminación de la sífilis congénita pasa por cumplir con las siguientes metas programáticas: que el 95% de las embarazadas reciba atención prenatal; que, de estas, el 95% se someta a una prueba de sífilis, y que el 95% de las embarazadas y con sífilis reciba tratamiento adecuado. Sin embargo, en entornos con alta prevalencia de sífilis, cumplir estas metas programáticas puede no garantizar la eliminación de la sífilis congénita. Por ello, además de las acciones enmarcadas en una atención prenatal de calidad, implementar una respuesta a la sífilis dirigida a reducir la prevalencia de la enfermedad en las embarazadas y sus parejas puede ayudar a disminuir la incidencia de la sífilis congénita. La presente nota técnica recoge, de forma consolidada, las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para la prevención y el control de la sífilis y la sífilis congénita. En ella se comparten diversas buenas prácticas de distintos países de las Américas, a fin de implementar dichas recomendaciones. Además, se facilitan las recomendaciones de la OMS para la vigilancia y el monitoreo de la sífilis y la sífilis congénita. Por último, se detallan los insumos para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la enfermedad, disponibles a través del Fondo Estratégico de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud.
Asunto(s)
Sífilis , Sífilis Congénita , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Erradicación de la Enfermedad , Enfermedades Transmisibles , AméricasRESUMEN
Background: Despite the significant global burden of sexually transmitted infections (STI), detection rates are poor. Acceptance of these tests is influenced by several factors that have not been explored among Colombian medical students. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the behaviors and psychosocial factors toward STI screening among medical students of two universities in Pereira, Colombia, between March and June 2020. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted with 284 medical students in the first 3 years of undergraduate at two universities. An online, self-administered survey was conducted between March 2020 and June 2020, using an instrument from the "STI Testing Questionnaire," to assess behaviors and psychosocial factors toward STI testing. Frequencies and percentages were used for descriptive analysis. The association between characteristics and psychosocial factors with STI testing intention was obtained using a logistic regression model. A p-value <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant for all analyses. Results: A total of 284 medical students participated in this study. The majority were female (56.7%), and 53.2% were from private universities. Eighty-four point 5% (84.5%) had risky sexual behaviors, and only 32.4% reported intentions to be tested for STIs. Among the psychosocial factors, 64.1% reported high social pressure, and 43.0% reported social fear. An association with the intention to undergo STI testing was identified in those who had been previously tested (OR = 2.486; 95% CI: 1.492-4.142) and in those who engaged in risky sexual behaviors (OR = 3.537; 95% CI: 1.437-8.704). Conclusion: Medical students exhibit a high prevalence of risky sexual behaviors but show a disturbing lack of intention to undergo STI screening. Prior experiences significantly influence screening intentions, while social pressure and fear also play a role. These insights can serve as a basis for targeted interventions to improve STI screening rates and enhance sexual health education among Colombian medical students.
Asunto(s)
Intención , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Estudiantes de Medicina , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Estudiantes de Medicina/psicología , Estudiantes de Medicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Colombia , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/psicología , Universidades , Adulto Joven , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto , Conducta Sexual/psicología , Conducta Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , AdolescenteRESUMEN
Jornal na sua 9ª edição (setembro 2024) com a análise e elaboração de conteúdo pela gerência de IST/AIDS e gerência de Hepatites Virais - SES- RJ.
Asunto(s)
Organización y Administración , Virus , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Enfermedades de Transmisión SexualRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to develop and evaluate the validity evidence of a mobile application to support nurses in the clinical management of sexually transmitted infections. METHOD: methodological study conducted in four steps: analysis and definition of requirements; content definition; computational representation with system design; and coding with testing and refinement. In the first steps, nurses with expertise in the subject participated, and in the last, professionals with education in information and communication technology. Data analysis was performed by calculating the Content Validity Index (CVI), considering the minimum agreement value of 0.78. To confirm the viability of the CVI, the binomial test was used through the R software. Variables with p > 0.05 indicated agreement between the judges. RESULTS: the CVI was 0.98 for content, 1.0 for usability and 0.85 for functional performance, showing that the developed application has high validity. CONCLUSION: it is believed that the IST Nurse® application represents an important technological tool in strengthening evidence-based nursing care. Intervention studies are therefore suggested.
Asunto(s)
Aplicaciones Móviles , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Humanos , Aplicaciones Móviles/normas , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/enfermería , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Femenino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Adulto , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Transactional sex relationships (TSRs) create financial and emotional support for men and women, as well as an increased sexual risk. Studies have reported high HIV and STI transmission rates among young women in transactional sex relationships. However, little is known about TSR prevalence in Jamaica and risky sexual practices among participants. This study investigates the sexual behaviour of Jamaicans in TSR. METHODS: Secondary data analysis of a national survey revealed that 586 participants (38%) self-reported being in at least one TSR in the last 12 months. We also identified a third category called "Benefluids", who play both roles of benefactor and beneficiary in transactional sex relationships. RESULTS: 59 percent of male Benefluids had two to five transactional sex relationship partners in the last 12 months, compared to 40% of female Benefluids. Twenty-eight percent of female Benefluids reported sexually transmitted infection symptoms in the last 12 months compared to 13.5% of male Benefluids. While females reported more sexually transmitted infection symptoms, young men had the highest sexual risk precursors. CONCLUSIONS: People in transactional sex relationships often play the role of beneficiaries and benefactors to meet material and sexual needs but this increases the risk of STI symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Asunción de Riesgos , Trabajo Sexual , Conducta Sexual , Parejas Sexuales , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Conducta Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Trabajo Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Prevalencia , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sexo Inseguro/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Trabajadores Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Trabajadores Sexuales/psicologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) disproportionately affect transgender women and travestis (TGW), who often lack access to healthcare due to stigma and discrimination. We describe the approach and methodology of a study investigating the prevalence of syphilis, HIV, hepatitis A, B, and C, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and human papillomavirus (HPV) among TGW, as well as their knowledge and perceptions regarding syphilis, to better inform policies to curb STIs among this vulnerable population. METHODS: TransOdara was a multicentric, cross-sectional study conducted among TGW in five capital cities from major Brazilian regions between December 2019 and July 2021. Self-identified transgender women and travestis aged >18 years were recruited using respondent-driven sampling after a qualitative formative phase, completed an interviewer-led questionnaire, were offered a physical examination, and were also asked to provide samples from multiple sites to detect various STIs, starting vaccination and treatment when indicated. RESULTS: A total of 1,317 participants were recruited from the five study locations: Campo Grande (n=181, 13.7%), Manaus (n=340, 25.8%), Porto Alegre (n=192, 14.6%), Salvador (n=201, 15.3%), and São Paulo (n=403, 30.6%). The recruitment period varied at each study location due to logistic constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Despite the enormous challenges posed by the co-occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic and field work targeting a vulnerable, elusive, and scattered population, the TransOdara project has been effectively implemented. Caveats did not preclude 1,300 TGW from being interviewed and tested, amid a significant epidemic that disrupted health services and research projects in Brazil and worldwide.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Personas Transgénero , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Personas Transgénero/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Adulto Joven , Pandemias , Adolescente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , SARS-CoV-2 , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en SaludAsunto(s)
Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Personas Transgénero , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Personas Transgénero/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Masculino , Poblaciones Vulnerables/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the acceptability and factors associated with uptake of a physical examination for the detection of symptomatic sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by transgender women and travestis in Brazil. METHODS: TransOdara was a multi-centric, cross-sectional STI prevalence study conducted among transgender women and travestis in five capital cities (Campo Grande, Manaus, Porto Alegre, Salvador and São Paulo) representing all Brazilian regions, between December 2019 and July 2021. A total of 1,317 self-identified transgender women and travestis aged ≥18 years were recruited using respondent-driven sampling and responded to a standard questionnaire. A medical consultation was offered including a physical examination and collection of samples from multiple sites to detect various STIs. Factors associated with uptake were investigated by reviewing demographic characteristics of participants who gave permission for physical examination (general, genital, and anorectal). RESULTS: Most participants (65.4%, 95% confidence interval - 95%CI 62.7-68.0) gave permission for a general examination (including oropharyngeal), with fewer permitting genital (42.3%, 95%CI 39.6-46.0) or anorectal (42.1%, 95%CI 39.4-44.9) examinations. Overall, 34.4% (95%CI 31.8-37.0) of participants refused all examinations. Participants with STI symptoms were significantly more likely to give permission for full examination than asymptomatic participants (64.3 vs. 37.4%, adjusted odds ratio - AOR=3.6, 95%CI 2.4-5.5). Other factors significantly associated with uptake of a full examination in multivariate analysis included age (AOR=1.5 for ≥25 years), religion (AOR=1.7 for Afro-Brazilian, AOR=1.9 for other religions compared to no religion), and education (AOR=2.0 for higher-level). CONCLUSION: In the context of STI management, this study found limited acceptance of anogenital examinations among transgender women and travestis, with higher acceptance among those with STI symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Examen Físico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Personas Transgénero , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Personas Transgénero/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Prevalencia , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the experiences of transgender women and travestis regarding the use of hormones for body changes without a medical prescription. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative and qualitative study, using data from "TransOdara", which estimated the prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in transgender women and travestis recruited through Respondent-Driven Sampling, between December 2019 and July 2021, in São Paulo, Campo Grande, Manaus, Porto Alegre, and Salvador, Brazil. The main outcome was: use of hormones without medical prescription and associated risk factors. Descriptive analysis, mixed univariate logistic regression models, and semi-structured interviews were carried out. RESULTS: Of the 1,317 recruited participants, 85.9% had already used hormones. The current use of hormones was reported by 40.7% (536) of them. Of those who were able to inform the place where they obtained them, 72.6% (381/525) used them without a medical prescription. The variables associated with the outcome were: current full-time sex work (OR 4.59; 95%CI 1.90-11.06) or in the past (OR 1.92; 95%CI 1.10-3.34), not having changed their name (OR 3.59; 95%CI 2.23-5.76), not currently studying (OR 1.83; 95%CI 1.07-3.13), being younger (OR 2.16; 95%CI 1.31-3.56), and having suffered discrimination at some point in life for being a transgender women and travestis (OR 0.40; 95%CI 0.20-0.81). CONCLUSION: The use of nonprescribed hormones is high among transgender women and travestis, especially among those who are younger, did not study, have not changed their name, and with a history of sex work. This use is related to the urgency for gender transition, with excessive use and damage to health.
Asunto(s)
Personas Transgénero , Humanos , Femenino , Personas Transgénero/estadística & datos numéricos , Personas Transgénero/psicología , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Investigación Cualitativa , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause considerable morbidity worldwide and, depending on the specific pathogen, may lead to serious complications in the female reproductive tract. Incarcerated women are particularly vulnerable to health problems with a disproportionate high rate of STIs, including infections with human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods: Here, cervical swab samples collected from 299 women (18 to 64 years) living in one of the women's prisons of São Paulo, Brazil were submitted for liquid-based cytology to determine the prevalence of precancerous lesions. Furthermore, direct detection of 30 genital HPV genotypes (18 high-risk and 12 low-risk types) and 11 additional STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, Haemophilus ducreyi, Mycoplasma genitalium and hominis, Treponema pallidum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma parvum and urealyticum) were performed by molecular typing using two PCR-based DNA microarray systems, i.e., EUROArray HPV and EUROArray STI (EUROIMMUN), respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of cytological abnormalities was 5.8%, including five women with low-grade and five women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The overall prevalence of HPV was 62.2, and 87.1% of the HPV-positive women were infected with oncogenic high-risk (HR) HPV types. HPV types 16 (24.1%), 33 and 52 (both 10.4%) were the most frequently detected. The prevalence of the other STIs was 72.8%. Up to four different pathogens were found in the infected women, the most frequent being Ureaplasma parvum (45.3%), Mycoplasma hominis (36.2%) and Trichomonas vaginalis (24.8%). Conclusion: The high number of HR-HPV infections and other STIs described here highlights the fact that the Brazilian female prison population requires more attention in the country's health policies. The implementation of screening programs and treatment measures might contribute to a decrease in the incidence of STIs and cervical cancer in this vulnerable population. However, for such measures to be effective, further studies are needed to investigate the best practice to get more women to engage in in-prison prevention programs, e.g., through offering further sexual health education and self-sampling.
Asunto(s)
Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Prisioneros , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Brasil/epidemiología , Cuello del Útero/patología , Cuello del Útero/microbiología , Cuello del Útero/virología , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Prevalencia , Prisioneros/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/microbiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of concurrent bacterial sexually transmitted infections (bSTIs) among individuals with mpox. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of participants aged 18âyears or older with confirmed mpox conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This cross-sectional analysis includes only participants who underwent bSTI testing at baseline between June 2022 and January 2024. METHODS: Participants were offered testing for chlamydia/gonorrhea (NAAT, anorectal swabs) and syphilis (active diagnosis if VDRL ≥ 1/8). Baseline prevalence of bSTIs was calculated, and participant characteristics were described based on concomitant bSTI diagnosis (yes/no). Chi-squared/Fisher's tests were used for qualitative variables, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for quantitative variables. RESULTS: Out of 634 enrolled participants, 538 (84.9%) were tested for STIs and included in this analysis, mostly cisgender men, aged 30-39âyears with postsecondary education. Overall prevalence of concomitant bSTI was 37.3%, mainly syphilis, followed by chlamydia and gonorrhea. Half of the participants were living with HIV, and one third was on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. Concomitant bSTI diagnosis at the time of mpox assessment was associated with being aged 30-39âyears, self-identifying as cisgender men, having HIV-positive status, reporting proctitis symptoms and reporting any STI in the past 12âmonths. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveals a notable prevalence of concomitant bSTIs among participants with confirmed mpox at a prominent infectious diseases' referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These findings underscore the importance of integrating mpox into the differential diagnosis of anogenital manifestations and the promotion of combination prevention strategies within sexual healthcare services.
Asunto(s)
Sífilis , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Transversales , Prevalencia , Adulto Joven , Sífilis/epidemiología , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Gonorrea/epidemiología , Gonorrea/diagnóstico , Gonorrea/prevención & control , Infecciones por Chlamydia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Chlamydia/prevención & control , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/prevención & control , Enfermedades Bacterianas de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Enfermedades Bacterianas de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Bacterianas de Transmisión Sexual/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Sexual assault victims are at major risk of being infected by sexually transmitted infections (STI). This article aims to examine and compare the prevalence of eight STIs (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, human papillomavirus) among victims and non-victims of sexual abuse. A national cross-sectional study was conducted in Haiti, using a multistage sampling frame, stratified by geographical department, urban or rural setting, gender, and age groups (15-19 and 20-24 years). The final sample included 3586 household participants (47.6% female). A weighted sample of 3945 individuals was obtained and used in the following analyses. Overall, 21.75% (95% CI 19.91-23.59) of participants reported having been diagnosed with at least one STI in their lifetime, with a higher prevalence among men (25.70%; 95% CI 22.89-28.52), compared to women (18.11%; 95% CI 15.73-20.49), χ2 = 16.43; p < 0.001). Sexual abuse victims were more likely to report STIs (31.27%; 95% CI 29.21-33.34), compared to non-victims (18.40%; 95% CI 16.68-20.13), χ2 = 27.89; p < .001. Sexual abuse was associated to an increased risk of contracting at least one STI (OR = 1.74; 95% CI 1.35, 2.24). The results demonstrate that sexual abuse is associated with a general increase of reporting STIs. They indicate the need for national sexual abuse prevention programs at early ages. These programs should be implemented in schools and churches, focusing on the role of families in sexuality education. Finally, programs must be developed to eradicate community violence-especially in the cities-as increased political and social violence has always been associated with increased sexual abuse in Haiti.
Asunto(s)
Víctimas de Crimen , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Humanos , Haití/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Adulto Joven , Estudios Transversales , Prevalencia , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , AdultoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Peruvian young transgender women (YTW) ages 16-24 years are a critical but understudied group for primary HIV prevention efforts, due to sharp increases in HIV prevalence among TW ages 25 years and older. METHODS: Between February and July 2022, a cross-sectional quantitative study with YTW ages 16-24 years in Peru (N = 211) was conducted consisting of a bio-behavioural survey accompanied by laboratory-based testing for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Bivariate and multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios between socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics and HIV status. RESULTS: HIV prevalence was 41.5% (95% CI: 33.9-49.4%), recent syphilis acquisition 19.4% (95% CI: 12.7-28.4), chlamydia 6.3% (95% CI: 3.1-11.1) and gonorrhoea 12.3% (95% CI: 7.9-18.7). Almost half (47.9%) reported condomless anal sex in the past 6 months, 50.7% reported sex work in the past 30 days and 13.7% reported accepting more money for condomless sex. There were no significant differences in reported sexual behaviours by HIV status. Only 60.8% of participants reported ever having been tested for HIV, and 25.6% reported a past 6-month STI test. More than two-thirds (67.8%) had not heard of antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and only 4.7% had taken PrEP in the past month. Current moderate-to-severe psychological distress was endorsed by 20.3%, 10.0% reported attempting suicide in the past 6 months and 85.4% reported alcohol misuse. CONCLUSIONS: Findings show that the HIV epidemic for YTW in Lima, Peru is situated in the context of widespread social exclusion, including economic vulnerabilities, violence victimization and the mental health sequelae of transphobic stigma that starts early in life. Future research should aim to further understand the intersection of these vulnerabilities. Moreover, there is an urgent necessity to design and evaluate HIV prevention programmes that address the root systems driving HIV vulnerabilities in YTW and that focus on developmentally specific clusters of stigma-related conditions.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH , Personas Transgénero , Humanos , Perú/epidemiología , Personas Transgénero/psicología , Personas Transgénero/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Prevalencia , Conducta Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Sexual/psicología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the possibility of applying Fuzzy Logic in analyzing the vulnerability of Women Who Have Sex with Women to Sexually Transmitted Infections/HIV/AIDS. METHODS: We developed a Fuzzy Logic system with 17 input variables and one output variable, using data related to vulnerability in a municipality located in the Midwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: The factor with the greatest positive impact was the confirmation that a low understanding of Sexually Transmitted Infections/HIV/AIDS is associated with higher vulnerability. Conversely, the statement "Not disclosing sexual activity to healthcare professionals," where individuals do not admit to having sex with women, had the least impact. CONCLUSIONS: Fuzzy Logic facilitates the identification of vulnerability, expressed through the analysis of interaction between variables in each dimension. This makes it a promising method to assist in analyzing the vulnerability of specific populations.
Asunto(s)
Lógica Difusa , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Poblaciones Vulnerables , Humanos , Femenino , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Adulto , Poblaciones Vulnerables/estadística & datos numéricos , Poblaciones Vulnerables/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Homosexualidad Femenina/estadística & datos numéricos , Homosexualidad Femenina/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health problem to which young people are highly exposed and knowledge about vulnerabilities that affect them is needed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge about STIs and sexual behavior of a university population in the city of Sorocaba/SP. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with data collection realized by an online application with qualitative and quantitative characteristics. RESULTS: Four hundred and seventy-seven (477) university students from different areas of knowledge were analyzed. The majority pointed to the beginning of sexual life between 15 and 18 years old. Information about sex education was obtained mainly through parents and/ or guardians, while little additional knowledge was obtained after entering higher education. Biological and Health Sciences students achieved a higher score on the knowledge questionnaire and were less likely (0.391) to contract STIs when compared to Applied Social Sciences or Engineering students (2.8 and 2.9 more likely, respectively). CONCLUSION: Students who demonstrated greater knowledge about STIs and acquired more information on the subject during graduation were less likely to become infected, suggesting that campaigns aimed at the university public are essential for the prevention and control of these pathogens.
INTRODUÇÃO: As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) são um grande problema de saúde pública, ao qual os jovens apresentam alta exposição, sendo necessário um maior conhecimento sobre as vulnerabilidades que os acometem. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre as IST e o comportamento sexual de uma população universitária na cidade de Sorocaba/SP. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, com a coleta de dados realizada por meio de aplicação online de questionário com características qualitativas e quantitativas. RESULTADOS: Quatrocentos e setenta e sete (477) universitários de diferentes áreas de conhecimento foram avaliados. A maioria dos relatos apontou para o início da vida sexual entre 15 e 18 anos. As informações sobre educação sexual foram obtidas principalmente por intermédio dos pais e/ou responsáveis, enquanto pouco conhecimento adicional foi obtido após o ingresso no Ensino Superior. Estudantes de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde alcançaram o maior score no questionário sobre conhecimento e apresentaram chances menores (0,391) de contrair IST, quando comparados aos estudantes de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas ou Engenharias (2,8 e 2,9 mais chances, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Os estudantes que demonstraram maior conhecimento sobre as IST e que adquiriram mais informações sobre o tema durante a graduação apresentaram chances menores de se infectar, o que sugere que campanhas destinadas ao público universitário são essenciais para a prevenção e o controle desses patógenos.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Conducta Sexual , Educación Sexual , Estudiantes , Universidades , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Transversales , Conducta ReproductivaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The stigma and social discrimination against cisgender women sex workers lead many of them to live in conditions characterized by social inequality, marginalization, persecution, and limited opportunities for sexual health literacy. Consequently, they are often compelled to establish a framework of preventive beliefs with little scientific validity, which they use to identify, mitigate, or avoid sexual health risks arising from their interactions with clients. This study investigates the sexual health beliefs that influence self-care practices aimed at preventing sexually transmitted infections among cisgender women sex workers in Colombia. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study framed in Hermeneutic Phenomenology. In-depth interviews and discussion groups were conducted with 34 cisgender women sex workers over 18 years of age in the center of the cities of Bogotá and Barranquilla in Colombia. RESULTS: Seven themes emerged from the reflective and inductive thematic analysis of the narratives: (1) popular habits for the prevention of contagion, (2) ocular assessment of genitals, (3) condom lubrication, (4) suspicion of a hidden infection in the client, (5) saliva and oral contact as a source of contagion, (6) avoidance of semen contact, (7) and trust in God as protection. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reflect the need for health and social professionals to promote participatory and inclusive cooperation with sex workers to update the framework of preventive beliefs that help them guide sexual health self-care with autonomy and self-efficacy, strengthening favorable beliefs and negotiating unfavorable ones. It is also essential to have a sex worker-informed sexual health policy that guides the promotion of sexual health that is sensitive to the needs and consistent with the risks of sex work and ensures friendly and non-oppressive preventive care environments for sex workers.