RESUMEN
Justificación:El micetismo es la intoxicación producida por la ingestión de setas silvestres, que puede presentarse clínicamente con diferentes síndromes toxicológicos, dependiendo de la especie de hongo involucrada y sus toxinas. Su importancia médicolegal radica en que la ingesta puede ocurrir de manera accidental, homicida o suicida. Objetivo: Revisar aspectos relevantes sobre el micetismo, para el reconocimiento de síndromes toxicológicos asociados a la ingesta de setas. Metodología:Se revisaron diferentes bases de datos utilizando las palabras clave: micetismo, Amanita phalloides, autopsia médicolegal, abordaje diagnóstico. Resultados:A. phalloides, contiene amatoxinas causantes de insuficiencia hepática aguda y las falotoxinas responsables de manifestaciones gastrointestinales 10 horas después de la ingesta, característica del síndrome tóxico faloidiano. Los casos que se describen corresponden a dos femeninas de la misma familia, una mujer adulta 36 años embarazada y su hija de seisaños, procedentes de una comunidad rural en la parte central de Honduras, que fallecieron después de la ingestión de setas silvestres y cuyas autopsias se realizaron en la Dirección de Medicina Forense de Tegucigalpa, para establecer la causa de muerte. En la historia médico legal se consignó que los hongos fueron cocinados por la madre y consumidos por ella y su hija. Conclusión:Es recomendable la capacitación continuade los médicos de emergencia en hospitales, para el reconocimiento de síndromes toxicológicos asociados a la ingesta de setas, con el propósito de tratar oportunamente estos pacientes y ofrecerles mejor oportunidad de sobrevivir...(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Niño , Adulto , Autopsia , Amanita , Intoxicación por Setas , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidadRESUMEN
An outbreak of pulmonary edema and emphysema with acute and chronic cases is reported in a farm in Uruguay. In a herd of 40 Hereford steers, 20 died. The deaths began four days after a change of paddock, from an old pasture of Avena sativa to a lush growing pasture of the same grass. Acutely affected animals showed severe dyspnea, sialorrhea, cough, and subcutaneous edema, and died within 72 hours. Chronically affected steers showed dyspnea, respiratory noises, weight loss, and intolerance to exercise. The deaths began four days after the change of paddock. Ten days after the first death, the steers were withdrawn from the pasture, but continued dying throughout the following 40 days. Twenty animals died and six were necropsied. Grossly, the lungs were diffusely armed and glistening, with reddish and crepitant cut surface, and presented alveolar septae sharply distended by edema and emphysema. There was subpleural emphysema with air blebs distributed across the pleural surface. Presence of Dictyocaulus viviparus was observed in three steers. In some animals, the trachea was diffusely reddish with presence of pink foam; in some others, there was bloody liquid in the tracheal lumen. Histologic examination showed severe diffuse alveolar and interstitial emphysema, hyaline membranes adhered to the alveolar wall, thickening of the interlobular septae with proliferation of type II pneumocytes, and moderate-to-severe multifocal histiocytic, neutrophilic and eosinophilic infiltrate. In the trachea, there was submucosal hemorrhage and moderate multifocal eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltrate. The steers with chronic signs presented similar lung lesions, but multifocal pulmonary fibrosis and cardiac dilatation were also observed. The diagnosis of acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema (ABPE) was based on the occurrence of the disease after introduction of the herd in a lush green pasture, on the characteristic gross and histologic lesions, and on the absence of other toxic or infectious agents causing similar lesions. Cattle raisers should be alert to the risks of occurrence of this disease after the introduction of the herds into paddocks with green and lush pastures.(AU)
Descreve-se um surto de edema e enfisema pulmonar com casos agudos e crônicos em bovinos em uma criação semi-intensiva no Uruguai. De um lote de 40 novilhos da raça Hereford morreram 20. As mortes começaram quatro dias após uma mudança de alimentação, de uma pastagem mais velha de Avena sativa, para uma pastagem recentemente plantada de aveia que estava em brotação. Os animais afetados apresentaram sinais clínicos agudos de dispneia, sialorreia, tosse e alguns desenvolveram edema subcutâneo, morrendo em até 72 horas. Outros novilhos mais cronicamente afetados apresentaram dispneia, ruídos respiratórios, perda de peso e intolerância ao exercício. As mortes começaram quatro dias após a mudança de pastagens. Dez dias após a primeira morte, os novilhos foram retirados do pasto, mas morreram ainda durante 40 dias mais. Ao total, morreram vinte animais e seis foram necropsiados. Nas necropsias dos animais mortos na fase aguda os pulmões estavam difusamente armados e brilhosos e ao corte de coloração avermelhada e crepitante, com os septos alveolares acentuadamente distendidos por edema e enfisema. Havia enfisema subpleural caracterizado por bolhas de ar distribuídas pela superfície pleural. Em três bovinos havia ainda presença de Dictyocaulus viviparus. Alguns animais apresentaram a traqueia difusamente avermelhada com espuma de coloração rósea ou liquido sanguinolento livre na luz traqueal. Histologicamente havia edema e enfisema alveolar e intersticial difuso severo, membranas hialinas espessas aderidas à parede alveolar, espessamento dos septos interlobulares com proliferação de pneumócitos tipo II e infiltrado inflamatório histiocítico, neutrofílico e eosinofílico multifocal moderado a severo. Na traqueia havia hemorragias na submucosa e infiltrado eosinofílico e linfocítico multifocal. Os novilhos com sinais crônicos apresentaram lesões pulmonares semelhantes, entretanto, foram observadas também, fibrose pulmonar multifocal e dilatação cardíaca. O diagnóstico de EEPAB baseou-se na ocorrência da doença após a introdução do rebanho em uma pastagem viçosa em brotação, nas características macroscópicas e histológicas e na ausência de outros agentes tóxicos ou infecciosos que causam lesões semelhantes. Se alerta para os riscos da ocorrência desta enfermidade, quando houver mudanças de pastagens.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Neumonía Intersticial Atípica de los Bovinos/patología , Edema Pulmonar/patología , Uruguay , Dieta/mortalidad , Dieta/veterinaria , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidad , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Enfermedades de los BovinosRESUMEN
An outbreak of pulmonary edema and emphysema with acute and chronic cases is reported in a farm in Uruguay. In a herd of 40 Hereford steers, 20 died. The deaths began four days after a change of paddock, from an old pasture of Avena sativa to a lush growing pasture of the same grass. Acutely affected animals showed severe dyspnea, sialorrhea, cough, and subcutaneous edema, and died within 72 hours. Chronically affected steers showed dyspnea, respiratory noises, weight loss, and intolerance to exercise. The deaths began four days after the change of paddock. Ten days after the first death, the steers were withdrawn from the pasture, but continued dying throughout the following 40 days. Twenty animals died and six were necropsied. Grossly, the lungs were diffusely armed and glistening, with reddish and crepitant cut surface, and presented alveolar septae sharply distended by edema and emphysema. There was subpleural emphysema with air blebs distributed across the pleural surface. Presence of Dictyocaulus viviparus was observed in three steers. In some animals, the trachea was diffusely reddish with presence of pink foam; in some others, there was bloody liquid in the tracheal lumen. Histologic examination showed severe diffuse alveolar and interstitial emphysema, hyaline membranes adhered to the alveolar wall, thickening of the interlobular septae with proliferation of type II pneumocytes, and moderate-to-severe multifocal histiocytic, neutrophilic and eosinophilic infiltrate. In the trachea, there was submucosal hemorrhage and moderate multifocal eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltrate. The steers with chronic signs presented similar lung lesions, but multifocal pulmonary fibrosis and cardiac dilatation were also observed. The diagnosis of acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema (ABPE) was based on the occurrence of the disease after introduction of the herd in a lush green pasture, on the characteristic gross and histologic lesions, and on the absence of other toxic or infectious agents causing similar lesions. Cattle raisers should be alert to the risks of occurrence of this disease after the introduction of the herds into paddocks with green and lush pastures.(AU)
Descreve-se um surto de edema e enfisema pulmonar com casos agudos e crônicos em bovinos em uma criação semi-intensiva no Uruguai. De um lote de 40 novilhos da raça Hereford morreram 20. As mortes começaram quatro dias após uma mudança de alimentação, de uma pastagem mais velha de Avena sativa, para uma pastagem recentemente plantada de aveia que estava em brotação. Os animais afetados apresentaram sinais clínicos agudos de dispneia, sialorreia, tosse e alguns desenvolveram edema subcutâneo, morrendo em até 72 horas. Outros novilhos mais cronicamente afetados apresentaram dispneia, ruídos respiratórios, perda de peso e intolerância ao exercício. As mortes começaram quatro dias após a mudança de pastagens. Dez dias após a primeira morte, os novilhos foram retirados do pasto, mas morreram ainda durante 40 dias mais. Ao total, morreram vinte animais e seis foram necropsiados. Nas necropsias dos animais mortos na fase aguda os pulmões estavam difusamente armados e brilhosos e ao corte de coloração avermelhada e crepitante, com os septos alveolares acentuadamente distendidos por edema e enfisema. Havia enfisema subpleural caracterizado por bolhas de ar distribuídas pela superfície pleural. Em três bovinos havia ainda presença de Dictyocaulus viviparus. Alguns animais apresentaram a traqueia difusamente avermelhada com espuma de coloração rósea ou liquido sanguinolento livre na luz traqueal. Histologicamente havia edema e enfisema alveolar e intersticial difuso severo, membranas hialinas espessas aderidas à parede alveolar, espessamento dos septos interlobulares com proliferação de pneumócitos tipo II e infiltrado inflamatório histiocítico, neutrofílico e eosinofílico multifocal moderado a severo. Na traqueia havia hemorragias na submucosa e infiltrado eosinofílico e linfocítico multifocal. Os novilhos com sinais crônicos apresentaram lesões pulmonares semelhantes, entretanto, foram observadas também, fibrose pulmonar multifocal e dilatação cardíaca. O diagnóstico de EEPAB baseou-se na ocorrência da doença após a introdução do rebanho em uma pastagem viçosa em brotação, nas características macroscópicas e histológicas e na ausência de outros agentes tóxicos ou infecciosos que causam lesões semelhantes. Se alerta para os riscos da ocorrência desta enfermidade, quando houver mudanças de pastagens.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Neumonía Intersticial Atípica de los Bovinos/patología , Edema Pulmonar/patología , Uruguay , Dieta/mortalidad , Dieta/veterinaria , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidad , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Enfermedades de los BovinosRESUMEN
Introducción: las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos son una problemática mundial a la que la Organización Mundial de la Salud y los países brindan una atención especial. Dentro de los grupos de alto riesgo se encuentran los productos de origen animal, como la leche y sus derivados. Staphylococcus aureus es un microorganismo causante de brotes de las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos, lo que genera la necesidad de estudiar la carga microbiana y establecer los controles adecuados. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad microbiológica en el proceso manufacturero en el área de producción de la Cooperativa de Producción Agropecuaria Chone LTDA, con el fin de asegurar la ausencia del Staphylococcus aureus en el queso fresco 100% chonero. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de evaluación de la calidad en cuatro fases. Se realizaron exámenes microbiológicos iniciales, se identificaron las causas esenciales de contaminación identificadas por observación directa, revisión de documentos y entrevistas, como base para la elaboración e implementación de POE (Procedimientos Operativos Estandarizados) y POES (Procedimientos Operativos Estandarizados de Saneamiento). Se cumplieron los requerimientos éticos y se realizaron los análisis estadísticos utilizando porcentaje e índices como medida resumen y con el uso de IBM SPSS, versión libre, realizándose regresión logística binaria para determinar la probabilidad de éxito al aplicar dichos procedimientos. Resultados: los análisis microbiológicos iniciales (antes de implementación de POE y POES), dieron como resultado: 98, 116, 79, 120 y 13 UFC/g para las muestras: DiQ1, DiQ2, DiQ3, DiQ4 y DiQ5, respectivamente. Las causas esenciales de contaminación fueron falta de control microbiológico, falta de control del aspecto del personal y falta de control del agua) Una vez implementados los POE y POES, el análisis mostró ausencia en todas las muestras analizadas. Conclusiones: se concluye que la aplicación de POE y POES tiene un efecto significativo sobre la ausencia del Staphylococcus aureus, con probabilidad de éxito del 100% (AU).
Introduction: Diseases transmitted by foodstuffs (DTF) are a worldwide problem that receives special attention by WHO and different countries. High risk groups include foodstuff of animal origin, like milk and its by-products. Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism responsible for DTF outbreaks which generates the necessity of studying its microbial burden and establishing the adequate controls. Objective: to evaluate the microbiological quality of the manufacturing process in the production area of the Farming and Stockbreeding Cooperative Chone LTDA, to assure the absence of Staphylococcus aureus in the manufacturing process of fresh cheese. Materials and methods: A study to assess the quality in four stages was carried out: initial microbiological tests, identification of the essential contamination causes by direct observation, documental review and inquires. They were used to elaborate and implement the Standardized Operational Procedures (SOP) and the Standardized Operational Procedures of Sanitation (SOPS). The ethical requirements were fulfilled and the statistical tests were performed using percentages and indexes as summary measures through IBM SPSS, free version; binary logistic regression was made to determine the success when applying those procedures. Results: initial microbiological controls (before implementing SOP and SOPS) gave these results 98, 116, 79, 120, and 13 UFC/g for samples DiQ1, DiQ2, DiQ3, DiQ4 and DiQ5 respectively. The main contamination causes were lack of microbiological control, lack of control on the staff's cleanliness and lack of control on the water. After implementing SOP and SOPS microbiological control found particularly clean samples. Conclusions: SOP and SOPS have a significant effect on the amount of Staphylococcus aureus, with 100% success probability (AU).
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidad , Contaminación de Alimentos/prevención & control , Queso/microbiología , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Microbiología de Alimentos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/complicaciones , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidad , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/prevención & control , Intoxicación Alimentaria Estafilocócica , Calidad de los Alimentos , Higiene Alimentaria , Evaluación de Resultados de Acciones Preventivas , Entrevistas como Asunto , Prevención de Enfermedades , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Implementación de Plan de SaludRESUMEN
Introducción: las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos son una problemática mundial a la que la Organización Mundial de la Salud y los países brindan una atención especial. Dentro de los grupos de alto riesgo se encuentran los productos de origen animal, como la leche y sus derivados. Staphylococcus aureus es un microorganismo causante de brotes de las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos, lo que genera la necesidad de estudiar la carga microbiana y establecer los controles adecuados. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad microbiológica en el proceso manufacturero en el área de producción de la Cooperativa de Producción Agropecuaria Chone LTDA, con el fin de asegurar la ausencia del Staphylococcus aureus en el queso fresco 100% chonero. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de evaluación de la calidad en cuatro fases. Se realizaron exámenes microbiológicos iniciales, se identificaron las causas esenciales de contaminación identificadas por observación directa, revisión de documentos y entrevistas, como base para la elaboración e implementación de POE (Procedimientos Operativos Estandarizados) y POES (Procedimientos Operativos Estandarizados de Saneamiento). Se cumplieron los requerimientos éticos y se realizaron los análisis estadísticos utilizando porcentaje e índices como medida resumen y con el uso de IBM SPSS, versión libre, realizándose regresión logística binaria para determinar la probabilidad de éxito al aplicar dichos procedimientos. Resultados: los análisis microbiológicos iniciales (antes de implementación de POE y POES), dieron como resultado: 98, 116, 79, 120 y 13 UFC/g para las muestras: DiQ1, DiQ2, DiQ3, DiQ4 y DiQ5, respectivamente. Las causas esenciales de contaminación fueron falta de control microbiológico, falta de control del aspecto del personal y falta de control del agua) Una vez implementados los POE y POES, el análisis mostró ausencia en todas las muestras analizadas. Conclusiones: se concluye que la aplicación de POE y POES tiene un efecto significativo sobre la ausencia del Staphylococcus aureus, con probabilidad de éxito del 100% (AU).
Introduction: Diseases transmitted by foodstuffs (DTF) are a worldwide problem that receives special attention by WHO and different countries. High risk groups include foodstuff of animal origin, like milk and its by-products. Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism responsible for DTF outbreaks which generates the necessity of studying its microbial burden and establishing the adequate controls. Objective: to evaluate the microbiological quality of the manufacturing process in the production area of the Farming and Stockbreeding Cooperative Chone LTDA, to assure the absence of Staphylococcus aureus in the manufacturing process of fresh cheese. Materials and methods: A study to assess the quality in four stages was carried out: initial microbiological tests, identification of the essential contamination causes by direct observation, documental review and inquires. They were used to elaborate and implement the Standardized Operational Procedures (SOP) and the Standardized Operational Procedures of Sanitation (SOPS). The ethical requirements were fulfilled and the statistical tests were performed using percentages and indexes as summary measures through IBM SPSS, free version; binary logistic regression was made to determine the success when applying those procedures. Results: initial microbiological controls (before implementing SOP and SOPS) gave these results 98, 116, 79, 120, and 13 UFC/g for samples DiQ1, DiQ2, DiQ3, DiQ4 and DiQ5 respectively. The main contamination causes were lack of microbiological control, lack of control on the staff's cleanliness and lack of control on the water. After implementing SOP and SOPS microbiological control found particularly clean samples. Conclusions: SOP and SOPS have a significant effect on the amount of Staphylococcus aureus, with 100% success probability (AU).
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidad , Contaminación de Alimentos/prevención & control , Queso/microbiología , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Microbiología de Alimentos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/complicaciones , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidad , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/prevención & control , Intoxicación Alimentaria Estafilocócica , Calidad de los Alimentos , Higiene Alimentaria , Evaluación de Resultados de Acciones Preventivas , Entrevistas como Asunto , Prevención de Enfermedades , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Implementación de Plan de SaludRESUMEN
Relatos de intoxicação por plantas toxicas são comuns no Brasil. Nesse trabalho foi relatado um caso de intoxicação em um bovino da raça Nelore, idade acima de 36 meses, lactante, devido ingestão de Enterolobium contortisiliquum, conhecido popularmente como orelha de negro, orelha de macaco, tamboril, tamborim, timbaúva, timbori, timboril. Na avaliação das alterações pós-mortem macro e micro demonstraram que a causa provável de morte foi disfunção hepática e renal com reflexo no mal funcionamento pulmonar.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Fabaceae/envenenamiento , Insuficiencia Hepática/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Hepática/veterinaria , Insuficiencia Renal/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Renal/veterinaria , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidad , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/veterinariaRESUMEN
Relatos de intoxicação por plantas toxicas são comuns no Brasil. Nesse trabalho foi relatado um caso de intoxicação em um bovino da raça Nelore, idade acima de 36 meses, lactante, devido ingestão de Enterolobium contortisiliquum, conhecido popularmente como orelha de negro, orelha de macaco, tamboril, tamborim, timbaúva, timbori, timboril. Na avaliação das alterações pós-mortem macro e micro demonstraram que a causa provável de morte foi disfunção hepática e renal com reflexo no mal funcionamento pulmonar.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Fabaceae/envenenamiento , Insuficiencia Hepática/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Hepática/veterinaria , Insuficiencia Renal/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Renal/veterinaria , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidad , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/veterinariaRESUMEN
Doenças de transmissão hídrica e alimentar (DTHA) acarretam importantes problemas econômicos e de saúde pública no mundo atual. Este estudo relata um surto de Doença Transmitida por Alimento - DTA que envolveu 12 pessoas de duas residências localizadas na Região do ABC paulista em dezembro de 2012. Quatro pessoas de uma residência tiveram sintomas de diarreia, cólica abdominal, náusea, vômito, febre e prostração, sendo que apenas duas consumiram o bolo preparado em Ribeirão Pires, SP - Brasil. Outras oito pessoas consumiram o mesmo alimento no município de Mauá e, além dos sintomas citados, houve também registro de insuficiência renal e parada cardiorrespiratória. Dentre os envolvidos, uma menina de oito anos veio a óbito após convulsão e bronco-aspiração. O período variou entre 2 e 22 horas após o consumo do alimento. A amostra de bolo foi analisada segundo a metodologia preconizada pelo BAM-FDA e teve como resultados: Coliformes termotolerantes (NMP = 4,6x104/g); Bacillus cereus (1,5x105 U.F.C./g) e presença de Salmonella Enteritidis em 25 gramas. Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus e Listeria monocytogenes não foram isolados. Foram realizadas duas coproculturas que apresentaram resultados positivos para Salmonella Enteritidis. As cepas de Salmonella spp isoladas, tanto no alimento como nas fezes dos pacientes, apresentaram similaridade genética e mesmo perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Assim, foi constatado o envolvimento do bolo como veiculador de patógenos e ressaltada a importância do trabalho em conjunto das vigilâncias sanitárias e epidemiológicas de ambos os municípios e o laboratório de referência em saúde pública, fundamental na elucidação deste surto.(AU)
Foodborne illnesses are still important public health problems in the world today. This paper reports an outbreak of food poisoning involving 12 people from two residences located in the ABC Region, São Paulo, Brazil in December 2012. Four people of one residence had symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, fever and prostration, and only two people had eaten the cake. Eight others had consumed the same food in the Mauá city and beyond the symptoms mentioned above, there was kidney failure and cardiac arrest. Among those involved, an eight-year-old girl has died after seizure and bronchial aspiration. The incubation period ranged from 2 to 22 hours. The cake sample was analyzed according to the methods recommended by the FDA-BAM and had the following results: thermotolerant coliforms (NMP = 4.6 X 104 / g); Bacillus cereus (1.5 X 105 CFU / g) and presence of Salmonella Enteritidis in 25 g. Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were not isolated. Two stools samples were tested for Salmonella Enteritidis had been positive for both. Salmonella strains isolated in both food and stools of patients has showed genetic similarity and the same profile of antimicrobial susceptibility. Thus, it was found the involvement of the cake as disseminator of pathogens and emphasized the importance of working together of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of both cities and public health laboratory, fundamental to elucidation of this outbreak.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidad , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Microbiología de Alimentos , Dulces/microbiología , Muestras de Alimentos , Salmonella enteritidis/aislamiento & purificación , Bacillus cereus/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Doenças de transmissão hídrica e alimentar (DTHA) acarretam importantes problemas econômicos e de saúde pública no mundo atual. Este estudo relata um surto de Doença Transmitida por Alimento - DTA que envolveu 12 pessoas de duas residências localizadas na Região do ABC paulista em dezembro de 2012. Quatro pessoas de uma residência tiveram sintomas de diarreia, cólica abdominal, náusea, vômito, febre e prostração, sendo que apenas duas consumiram o bolo preparado em Ribeirão Pires, SP - Brasil. Outras oito pessoas consumiram o mesmo alimento no município de Mauá e, além dos sintomas citados, houve também registro de insuficiência renal e parada cardiorrespiratória. Dentre os envolvidos, uma menina de oito anos veio a óbito após convulsão e bronco-aspiração. O período variou entre 2 e 22 horas após o consumo do alimento. A amostra de bolo foi analisada segundo a metodologia preconizada pelo BAM-FDA e teve como resultados: Coliformes termotolerantes (NMP = 4,6x104/g); Bacillus cereus (1,5x105 U.F.C./g) e presença de Salmonella Enteritidis em 25 gramas. Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus e Listeria monocytogenes não foram isolados. Foram realizadas duas coproculturas que apresentaram resultados positivos para Salmonella Enteritidis. As cepas de Salmonella spp isoladas, tanto no alimento como nas fezes dos pacientes, apresentaram similaridade genética e mesmo perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Assim, foi constatado o envolvimento do bolo como veiculador de patógenos e ressaltada a importância do trabalho em conjunto das vigilâncias sanitárias e epidemiológicas de ambos os municípios e o laboratório de referência em saúde pública, fundamental na elucidação deste surto.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Dulces/microbiología , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Microbiología de Alimentos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidad , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/epidemiología , Salmonella enteritidis/aislamiento & purificación , Bacillus cereus/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil/epidemiología , Informes de Casos , Muestras de Alimentos , ColiformesRESUMEN
The attempts to colonize the Strait of Magellan soon followed the discovery of this route. PeDro Sarmiento de Gamboa, a Spanish sailor, established human settlements to fortify those lands and control the transit of vessels, especially those of English corsairs, which devastated Chilean and Peruvian coasts. During the summer of 1584, approximately 500 soldiers, artisans, priests, women and children established two villages called Nombre de Jesús and Rey Don Felipe. From the beginning, these settlers had leadership and communication problems and difficulties to obtain food. After three winters only 17 to 18 people survived according to the testimony of one of the survivors, that was rescued by an English sailor named Cavendish, which renamed the village Rey Don Felipe as Port Famine. When he observed the scenes of abandonment and death, he supposed that the settlers died due to lack of food. Other factors that facilitated the desolation were hypothermia, execution, anthropophagy and lesions caused by natives. There is also a possibility that intoxication by red tide (harmful algal bloom) could explain in part the finding of unburied corpses in the strait beaches.
Asunto(s)
Historia del Siglo XVI , Humanos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/historia , Floraciones de Algas Nocivas , Toxinas Marinas/envenenamiento , Chile , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/etiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidadRESUMEN
The attempts to colonize the Strait of Magellan soon followed the discovery of this route. PeDro Sarmiento de Gamboa, a Spanish sailor, established human settlements to fortify those lands and control the transit of vessels, especially those of English corsairs, which devastated Chilean and Peruvian coasts. During the summer of 1584, approximately 500 soldiers, artisans, priests, women and children established two villages called "Nombre de Jesús" and "Rey Don Felipe". From the beginning, these settlers had leadership and communication problems and difficulties to obtain food. After three winters only 17 to 18 people survived according to the testimony of one of the survivors, that was rescued by an English sailor named Cavendish, which renamed the village "Rey Don Felipe" as "Port Famine". When he observed the scenes of abandonment and death, he supposed that the settlers died due to lack of food. Other factors that facilitated the desolation were hypothermia, execution, anthropophagy and lesions caused by natives. There is also a possibility that intoxication by red tide (harmful algal bloom) could explain in part the finding of unburied corpses in the strait beaches.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/historia , Floraciones de Algas Nocivas , Toxinas Marinas/envenenamiento , Chile , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/etiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidad , Historia del Siglo XVI , HumanosRESUMEN
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infections are considered a public health problem in both developed and developing countries because of their increasing incidence and the severity of clinical presentation. Approximately 10% of infected patients develop complications such as haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) characterized by acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia. The precise sequence of events leading to HUS is still understood incompletely. Because of the lack of a reproducible small animal model for EHEC infections, in vivo studies examining EHEC-host early interactions are limited and insufficient. The aim of this study was to characterize the weaned BALB/c mouse as a model of E. coli O157:H7 infection. In this paper we report that human Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2)-producing EHEC strains can adhere to the intestinal epithelium of weaned BALB/c mice, and produce local damage which leads to systemic disease and death in a percentage of infected mice. The lethality of the EHEC strain is closely age-dependent, and is related to the bacterial ability to colonize intestine and to produce Stx2. It can be concluded that the weaned BALB/c mouse can be used as a small animal model to study host early responses, and the role of bacterial pathogenic factors in the induction of systemic disease, thus providing a useful tool for the evaluation of therapeutic or vaccine approaches.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/microbiología , Modelos Animales , Toxina Shiga II , Escherichia coli Shiga-Toxigénica/patogenicidad , Factores de Edad , Animales , Diarrea/microbiología , Diarrea/mortalidad , Femenino , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidad , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/patología , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urémico/microbiología , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urémico/mortalidad , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urémico/patología , Intestinos/microbiología , Intestinos/patología , Riñón/patología , Desnutrición , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Tasa de Supervivencia , DesteteRESUMEN
CASE HISTORY: This report describes an outbreak of high mortality of heifers after they consumed harvested maize fields parasitised with the fungus Diplodia maydis. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinical signs observed were generalised muscle tremors, incoordination, ataxic hindquarters, paralysis and death. The morbidity of the outbreak was 27/500 (5.4 %) and mortality 10/27 (37%). No gross lesions were observed, however histopathological examination revealed moderate to severe degeneration of myelin shafts in the white matter of the cerebellum. Diplodia maydis infection of maize was identified from visual characteristics of mycelia and pycnidia. DIAGNOSIS: Diplodia toxicity (diplodiosis). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first description of the poisoning of cattle by maize contaminated with D. maydis in Argentina, where feeding cattle on harvested maize fields is common practice. It is possible this disease could occur in other countries, like New Zealand, where this fungus is known to be present.
Asunto(s)
Ascomicetos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/veterinaria , Micotoxinas/envenenamiento , Zea mays/microbiología , Animales , Argentina/epidemiología , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Causas de Muerte , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Femenino , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/microbiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidad , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Clinical symptoms and outcomes of uraemic patients ingesting star fruit are quite variable and may progress to death. The purpose of the present report was to discuss the neurotoxic effects of star fruit intoxication in uraemic patients and to present the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches. METHODS: We studied a total of 32 uraemic patients who had ingested star fruit. Before the intoxication episodes, 20 patients were on regular haemodialysis, eight were on peritoneal dialysis and four were not yet undergoing dialysis. Two patients were analysed retrospectively from their charts, 17 were directly monitored by our clinic and 13 were referred by physicians from many areas throughout the country, allowing us to follow their outcome from a distance. Intoxicated patients were given different therapeutic approaches (haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and supportive treatment), and their outcomes were analysed. RESULTS: The most common symptoms were persistent and intractable hiccups in 30 patients (93.75%), vomiting in 22 (68.7%), variable degrees of disturbed consciousness (mental confusion, psychomotor agitation) in 21 (65.6%), decreased muscle power, limb numbness, paresis, insomnia and paresthesias in 13 (40.6%) and seizures in seven (21.8%). Patients who were promptly treated with haemodialysis, including those with severe intoxication, recovered without sequelae. Patients with severe intoxication who were not treated or treated with peritoneal dialysis did not survive. CONCLUSIONS: Haemodialysis, especially on a daily basis, is the ideal treatment for star fruit intoxication. In severe cases, continuous methods of replacement therapy may provide a superior initial procedure, since rebound effects are a common event. Peritoneal dialysis is of no use as a treatment, especially when consciousness disorders ensue.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/complicaciones , Frutas/envenenamiento , Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Rosaceae/envenenamiento , Uremia/complicaciones , Adulto , Femenino , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/mortalidad , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diálisis Peritoneal , Diálisis Peritoneal Ambulatoria Continua , Diálisis Renal , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
With the purpose to make a review on the red tides occurence at mexican coasts, previous studies were analyzed. Dinoflagellates seem to be the main cause of toxic events mainly Gonyaulax polygramma, Gymnodinium catenatum, Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum and Ptychodiscus brevis. There are other species which cause red tides but are not toxic. They are: Mesodinium rubrum, Gonyaulax triacantha, Noctiluca scintillans, Prorocentrum dentatum, Gymnodinium splendens, G. sanguineum, Ceratium tripos var. ponticum, C. furca, Scrippsiella trocoidea and Oscillatoria erythraea. The first of these is the most common cilliate of the Pacific coastlines and the last one is the most common cyanophyceae during the strong events of "El Niño". The magnitude is quite variable, from small stains of a hundred square meters to several square kilometers and its density ranges from 0.5 to 36 million cells/l. Their residence time goes from 1 or 2 days to as long as 5 months. The great densities are due to Prorocentrum dentatum and P. minimum, the latter is only observed in estuarine ponds for shrimp cultivation, they have not been related to poisoning episodes. New areas of the red tide occurrence have been recorded during the last decades, such as Acapulco Bay, Huatulco, Salinacruz and Puerto Madero. These localities and also Mazatlán, are the only regions in which paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) have registered fatal cases and in the Gulf of Mexico a great mortality of fishes has been noted due to ictiotoxin produced by Ptychodiscus brevis. On the other hand, at Yucatan and west coast of the Peninsula of California red tide events are little known.