RESUMEN
A 10-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was brought to the Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center because of a suspected mass located to the right kidney. The mass was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound following a recurrent lower urinary tract infection. Abdominal computed tomography revealed 2 isoattenuating, peripherally hypoattenuating, and centrally non-contrast-enhancing nodules in the right kidney; the larger one measured 1.9 cm. Initial attempts at fine-needle aspiration were unsuccessful. The dog was returned and the mass was aspirated using ultrasound guidance under heavy sedation. Cytology confirmed the presence of septic inflammation, consistent with a renal corticomedullary abscess. The dog was administered oral enrofloxacin (15 mg/kg, q24h) after diagnosis. Ultrasound guidance was used 2 wk later, under general anesthesia, to achieve percutaneous drainage of ~0.25 mL of fluid and instillation of 5.7 mg (0.25 mL) of enrofloxacin into the abscess capsule. Two weeks after percutaneous drainage, ultrasound examination showed complete resolution of the renal corticomedullary abscess. Urine culture confirmed resolution of the urinary tract infection. To the authors' knowledge, kidney-sparing medical management has never been successfully reported in a dog with a renal corticomedullary abscess. Key clinical message: Renal corticomedullary abscesses occur infrequently in dogs. Medical management is feasible and can result in complete resolution of clinical signs and imaging abnormalities.
Diagnostic et prise en charge médicale réussie d'un abcès corticomédullaire rénal chez un chienUne chienne croisée de 10 ans, stérilisée, a été amenée au centre médical vétérinaire de l'Ohio State University en raison d'une masse suspectée située au niveau du rein droit. La masse a été diagnostiquée par échographie abdominale à la suite d'une infection récurrente du tractus urinaire inférieur. La tomodensitométrie abdominale a révélé 2 nodules isoatténuants, hypoatténuants en périphérie et centralement sans contraste dans le rein droit; le plus grand mesurait 1,9 cm. Les premières tentatives d'aspiration à l'aiguille fine ont échoué. Le chien est revenu et la masse a été aspirée sous guidage échographique sous sédation lourde. La cytologie a confirmé la présence d'une inflammation septique, compatible avec un abcès corticomédullaire rénal. Le chien a reçu de l'enrofloxacine par voie orale (15 mg/kg, toutes les 24 heures) après le diagnostic. Le guidage échographique a été utilisé 2 semaines plus tard, sous anesthésie générale, pour obtenir un drainage percutané d'environ 0,25 mL de liquide et l'instillation de 5,7 mg (0,25 mL) d'enrofloxacine dans la capsule de l'abcès. Deux semaines après le drainage percutané, l'échographie a montré une résolution complète de l'abcès corticomédullaire rénal. La culture urinaire a confirmé la résolution de l'infection des voies urinaires. À la connaissance des auteurs, une prise en charge médicale préservant les reins n'a jamais été rapportée avec succès chez un chien présentant un abcès corticomédullaire rénal.Message clinique clé:Les abcès corticomédullaires rénaux surviennent rarement chez le chien. La prise en charge médicale est réalisable et peut aboutir à une résolution complète des signes cliniques et des anomalies d'imagerie.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Asunto(s)
Absceso , Antibacterianos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Enrofloxacina , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Absceso/veterinaria , Absceso/tratamiento farmacológico , Absceso/diagnóstico , Enrofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Enrofloxacina/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Infecciones Urinarias/veterinaria , Infecciones Urinarias/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Urinarias/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Renales/diagnóstico , Drenaje/veterinaria , Fluoroquinolonas/uso terapéutico , Fluoroquinolonas/administración & dosificación , Ultrasonografía/veterinariaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Renal disease in canine leishmaniosis is of great importance owing to increased risk of mortality. In human visceral leishmaniosis, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) has been used as a marker of renal damage and inflammation. The purpose of this study was first to determine the serum MCP-1 and urinary MCP-1-to-creatinine ratio (uMCP-1/Cr) in healthy dogs and dogs with leishmaniosis at diagnosis, and second to determine whether these markers can differentiate disease severity at diagnosis. METHODS: In total, 19 healthy seronegative dogs and 38 dogs with leishmaniosis were included in the study. Dogs with leishmaniosis were classified as LeishVet clinical staging and as International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging. Serum and urinary MCP-1 concentrations were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined disease severity at diagnosis between two LeishVet groups (Stage II versus stage III and IV). RESULTS: Dogs in Leishvet stages IIb, III, and IV had a median serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr concentration higher than healthy dogs (P < 0.0001). No statistical differences were found in serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr between dogs in LeishVet stage IIa and healthy dogs. The dogs in LeishVet stage IV had significantly higher serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr compared with the dogs in LeishVet stage IIa (P < 0.0001). Serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1 were significantly higher in dogs in IRIS stage I and II + III + IV compared with healthy dogs. Dogs stage II + III + IV of IRIS had a significantly higher serum MCP-1 compared with dogs in IRIS stage I (P < 0.0001). The area under the ROC curve for serum MCP-1 was 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.93] and for uMCP-1/Cr it was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.74-0.99). The optimal cutoff value for serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr was 336.85 pg/ml (sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 68%) and 6.89 × 10-7 (sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 79%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr are increased in dogs with leishmaniosis compared with healthy dogs, suggesting the presence of inflammation and renal injury. Serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr were more elevated in the advanced stages of the disease compared with the moderate stages and, therefore, can be markers of the severity of the disease process.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Quimiocina CCL2 , Enfermedades de los Perros , Inflamación , Leishmaniasis , Animales , Perros , Quimiocina CCL2/sangre , Quimiocina CCL2/orina , Enfermedades de los Perros/orina , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Leishmaniasis/veterinaria , Leishmaniasis/sangre , Leishmaniasis/orina , Leishmaniasis/diagnóstico , Leishmaniasis/patología , Masculino , Inflamación/veterinaria , Inflamación/sangre , Inflamación/orina , Femenino , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/sangre , Enfermedades Renales/orina , Enfermedades Renales/patología , Enfermedades Renales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Renales/parasitología , Curva ROC , Creatinina/sangre , Creatinina/orina , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
This study evaluates distal tubular damage in early stages of renal disease in dogs with naturally acquired leishmaniosis. Pherograms of urinary proteins separated in vertical electrophoresis system (SDS-PAGE) were evaluated. Peptide fingerprint and fragmentation (MALDI-TOF TOF) identified bands located at 100 and 60â¯kDa as Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and albumin, respectively. The variables examined were: urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPC), total number of bands, quantification of THP urinary excretion through the optical density (OD %) of bands located at 100â¯kDa, blood creatinine, and urine specific gravity (USG). Positive correlation was found between UPC and the number of bands (ρ = 0.75849, P = <0.0001). Negative correlation was identified between UPC and OD % of 100â¯kDa bands (ρ = -0.85332, P = <0.0001), and the number of bands and OD % of 100â¯kDa bands (ρ = -0.74479, P = <0.0001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.991 (95 % CI, 0.976-1). The optimal cut-off UPC that better discriminated between urines with high or low OD% of THP was 0.46 with 92.6 % sensitivity and 96.2â¯% specificity. Our findings indicate that non azotemic dogs with borderline proteinuria might excrete low amount of THP, which could suggest tubular damage in early stages of chronic kidney disease.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Enfermedades de los Perros , Leishmaniasis , Uromodulina , Animales , Perros , Uromodulina/orina , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/orina , Biomarcadores/orina , Leishmaniasis/veterinaria , Leishmaniasis/orina , Masculino , Femenino , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/orina , Enfermedades Renales/parasitología , Enfermedades Renales/diagnóstico , Túbulos Renales Distales , Creatinina/orina , Creatinina/sangreRESUMEN
Phytic acid (PA) is a natural antioxidant with various biological activities, providing protective effects in multiple animals. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mold toxin commonly found in feed, which induces multi-organ damage, with kidney being the target organ of its toxicity. This study investigates the protective effects of PA on OTA-induced renal damage and its potential mechanisms in chicks. The results demonstrates that PA treatment restores OTA-induced renal pathological injuries, reverses the diminished activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduces the accumulation of malondialdehyde, and normalizes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which confirms that PA can alleviate OTA-induced renal damage. Further investigations reveal that OTA-induced renal injury accompanied by an increase in tissue iron content and the transcription levels of ferroptosis-related genes (TFR, ACSL4, and HO-1), and a decrease in the levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4. PA treatment reverses all these effects, indicating that PA mitigates OTA-induced renal ferroptosis. Moreover, PA supplementation improves intestinal morphology and mucosal function, corrects OTA-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota. Besides, PA microbiota transplantation alleviates renal inflammation and oxidative stress caused by OTA. In conclusion, PA plays a protective role against renal damage through the regulation of ferroptosis and the intestinal microbiota, possibly providing novel insights into the control and prevention of OTA-related nephrotoxicity.
Asunto(s)
Pollos , Ferroptosis , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ocratoxinas , Ácido Fítico , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Animales , Ocratoxinas/toxicidad , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Ferroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Fítico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Fítico/farmacología , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Renales/prevención & control , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Dieta/veterinaria , Masculino , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisisRESUMEN
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by Leishmania sp., presents a wide array of symptoms; renal dysfunction is frequently observed in these dogs and is associated with a poor prognosis and increased mortality. The traditional biomarkers namely urea and creatinine can detect renal damage but only in advanced stages of the disease. However, it has been shown that the symmetric dimethylarginine assay (SDMA) or the protein/creatinine ratio (UPC) and are early biomarkers of renal dysfunction. Their elevation occurs earlier than that of creatinine, but other novel biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are currently under investigation. Our objective was to determine whether the urine NGAL-creatinine ratio (uNGAL/c) can provide very early diagnosis of kidney disease in CanL. In total, 68 dogs were included in the study: 15 healthy dogs and 53 dogs with CanL who were classified according to International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) classification: IRIS 1 (N= 34), IRIS 2 (N= 9) and IRIS 3/4 (N= 10). IRIS 1 was subdivided according to proteinuria in IRIS 1NP (13 dogs with UPC < 0.2), IRIS 1BL (8 dogs with UPC = 0.2-0.5) and IRIS 1 P (13 dogs with UPC > 0.5). Blood samples were collected for complete hematological and biochemistry analysis including plasma NGAL. Urinalysis included specific gravity, UPC, CysC and NGAL expressed as a ratio with creatinine. The mean concentrations of pCysC and SDMA in CanL, show a statistically significant increase from IRIS 1NP, not being statistically significant for pCysC in the IRIS 1BL group. The UPC show a statistically significant increase from IRIS 1NP. In all groups with CanL for uCysC/c and uNGAL/c was observed a statistically significant increase. The uNGAL/c in the group proteinuric animals, presents a positive correlation with all renal biomarkers studied. In the group of non-proteinuric animals, the uNGAL/c presents a positive correlation with SDMA and UPC. The uNGAL/c can be considered a reliable indicator of renal disease in dogs diagnosed with CanL who are non-azotemic and non-proteinuric.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Creatinina , Enfermedades de los Perros , Enfermedades Renales , Leishmaniasis , Lipocalina 2 , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/orina , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Biomarcadores/orina , Biomarcadores/sangre , Leishmaniasis/veterinaria , Leishmaniasis/orina , Leishmaniasis/diagnóstico , Lipocalina 2/orina , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Renales/orina , Enfermedades Renales/parasitología , Masculino , Creatinina/sangre , Creatinina/orina , FemeninoRESUMEN
Triazole fungicides, such as difenoconazole (DFZ), are frequently used to control fungus in crops that pollute water. The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (hereafter referred to as "carp") is an excellent bio-indicator of water quality. The seeds of the silymarin plant contain a flavonolignan called silybin (SYB), which is used to treat liver disease. To explore SYB's involvement in DFZ-triggered kidney damage in carps, an H&E assay was conducted, and ROS level was also examined. The results demonstrated that SYB alleviated DFZ-induced destruction of kidney tissue structure in carps, as well as alleviating the elevation of kidney ROS level in carps. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect inflammation-, oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related factors at mRNA level and protein level. The experimental findings indicated that relative to the DFZ group, SYB + DFZ co-treatment reduced inflammation-related mRNA level of il-6, il-1ß and tnf-α, elevated mRNA level of il-10. It also reduced protein expression levels of NF-κB and iNOS. In addition, SYB + DFZ co-treatment reduced DFZ-induced increase in the oxidative stress-related mRNA indicators sod and cat, and decreased the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and NQO1. SYB reduced the DFZ-induced increase in pro-apoptotic gene Bax mRNA and protein expression levels and the DFZ-induced decrease in anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression levels. In summary, SYB potentially mitigates DFZ-induced kidney damage in carp by addressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Our results establish a theoretical foundation for the clinical advancement of freshwater carp feeds.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Carpas , Inflamación , Estrés Oxidativo , Silibina , Triazoles , Animales , Carpas/inmunología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Triazoles/farmacología , Inflamación/veterinaria , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Silibina/farmacología , Silibina/administración & dosificación , Fungicidas Industriales/farmacología , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Peces/inducido químicamente , Dioxolanos/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/inmunología , Riñón/patología , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Renales/inmunología , Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
IMPORTANCE: Kidney disease is prevalent among veterinary species, including zoo animals; however, investigations into this condition in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) are scarce. Diagnostic tools for kidney diseases in this species also remain limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the utility of symmetric dimethylarginine as a biomarker for kidney disease in captive striped skunks in Korea. METHODS: This retrospective study analysed 11 striped skunks housed at the Everland Zoo between 2017 and 2021. Blood samples were collected during health checks. Kidney function was assessed through blood analysis and diagnostic ultrasound, with necropsies conducted on deceased animals. Symmetric dimethylarginine levels were measured in 27 plasma samples collected from 11 skunks. RESULTS: Over the study period, seven skunks were diagnosed with kidney disease. Analysis of 27 blood samples revealed a concurrent increase in SDMA levels with concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and blood creatinine. In 3 of the 7 skunks with kidney disease, symmetric dimethylarginine exceeded 14 µg/dL prior to the elevation of blood urea nitrogen and blood creatinine above the upper reference limit. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating symmetric dimethylarginine in captive striped skunks in Korea. Our findings suggest that symmetric dimethylarginine may serve as an early and consistent biomarker for renal dysfunction in striped skunks. Further studies with larger clinical sample size from striped skunks are needed to validate the clinical utility of blood symmetric dimethylarginine concentration.
Asunto(s)
Arginina , Biomarcadores , Enfermedades Renales , Mephitidae , Animales , Arginina/análogos & derivados , Arginina/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Masculino , Mephitidae/sangre , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/sangre , Enfermedades Renales/diagnóstico , República de Corea , Animales de Zoológico , Creatinina/sangre , Riñón/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
AA-amyloidosis is frequent in shelter cats, and chronic kidney disease is the foremost cause of death. The aims were to describe kidney laboratory and microscopic findings in shelter cats with AA-amyloidosis. Cats were included if kidney specimens were collected post-mortem and laboratory data were available within 6 months before death. Renal lesions were evaluated with optical and electron microscopy. Mass spectrometry was used to characterize amyloid. Nine domestic short-hair cats were included; 4 females and 5 males with a median age of 8 years (range = 2-13). All cats had blood analyses and urinalyses available. Serum creatinine concentrations were increased in 6 cats and symmetric dimethylarginine was increased in all of the cats. All of the cats had proteinuria. Eight of 9 cats had amyloid in the medulla, and 9 had amyloid in the cortex (glomeruli). All cats had amyloid in the interstitium. Six cats had concurrent interstitial nephritis and 1 had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. All cats had extrarenal amyloid deposits. Amyloid was AA in each case. In conclusion, renal deposition of amyloid occurs in both cortex and medulla in shelter cats and is associated with azotemia and proteinuria. Renal involvement of systemic AA-amyloidosis should be considered in shelter cats with chronic kidney disease. The cat represents a natural model of renal AA-amyloidosis.
Asunto(s)
Amiloidosis , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Riñón , Proteinuria , Animales , Gatos , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Masculino , Amiloidosis/veterinaria , Amiloidosis/patología , Femenino , Riñón/patología , Proteinuria/veterinaria , Proteinuria/patología , Amiloide/metabolismo , Creatinina/sangre , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/patología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/veterinaria , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/patología , Azotemia/veterinaria , Azotemia/patologíaRESUMEN
Of the 202 species of Chamaeleonidae, 38.6% are globally threatened. Currently, nearly a thousand individual chameleons from 36 different species are kept in zoological institutions worldwide. The objectives of this study were to assess the main mortality causes of chameleons in zoological institutions, the prevalence of renal lesions at necropsy, and the environmental factors associated with renal lesions. An online survey was sent to 245 zoological institutions worldwide to collect information about species and sex distribution, necropsy results, and husbandry parameters. Necropsy reports of the last 10 yr were requested from participating institutions (n = 65) when available. Mortality causes were classified into three categories (open diagnosis, infectious, and noninfectious), and noninfectious causes were further subdivided into seven categories (renal, reproductive, myoarthroskeletal, digestive, ophthalmologic, denutrition/multisystemic, and neoplastic). The prevalence of renal lesions was recorded. Multiple linear regression models were used with the prevalence of renal diseases as the dependent variable, and exhibit minimum and maximum hygrometry; exhibit highest and coolest temperature; as well as minimum, mean, and maximum hygrometry of the geographical area as independent variables, combining all chameleon species with similar environmental requirements. Results were obtained for 14 species (n = 412 individuals). The main mortality causes were infectious (46.8%), noninfectious renal (11.4%), and noninfectious reproductive (10.7%) diseases, with all cases of fatal reproductive diseases reported in females. Of the individuals that underwent renal histopathology, 41.7% displayed renal lesions. There was a tendency towards higher renal lesion prevalence in zoos located in areas with lower mean hygrometry (P = 0.05). Further research studies about infectious, renal, and reproductive diseases of Chamaeleonidae are warranted.
Asunto(s)
Animales de Zoológico , Enfermedades Renales , Lagartos , Animales , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/mortalidad , Enfermedades Renales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Renales/patología , Femenino , Prevalencia , Masculino , Riñón/patologíaRESUMEN
Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is a nephrotoxic contaminant that is widely present in the environment. Selenium (Se) can effectively antagonize the biological toxicity caused by heavy metals. Here, in vivo and in vitro models of Se antagonism to HgCl2-induced nephrotoxicity in chickens were established, with the aim of exploring the specific mechanism. Morphological observation and kidney function analysis showed that Se alleviated HgCl2-induced kidney tissue injury and cytotoxicity. The results showed that ferroptosis was the primary mechanism for the toxicity of HgCl2, as indicated by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. On the one hand, Se significantly prevented HgCl2-induced iron overload. On the other hand, Se alleviated the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels caused by HgCl2. Subsequently, we focused on the sources of ROS during HgCl2-induced ferroptosis. Mechanically, Se reduced ROS overproduction induced by HgCl2 through mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU)/mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1)-mediated mitochondrial calcium ion (Ca2+) overload. Furthermore, a dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that MICU1 was the direct target of miR-202-5p. Overall, Se represses miR-202-5p/MICU1 axis to attenuate HgCl2-induced kidney ferroptosis.
Asunto(s)
Pollos , Ferroptosis , Cloruro de Mercurio , MicroARNs , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Selenio , Animales , Cloruro de Mercurio/toxicidad , Ferroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Selenio/farmacología , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Proteínas Aviares/metabolismo , Proteínas Aviares/genética , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/prevención & control , Enfermedades Renales/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/patología , MasculinoRESUMEN
Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant associated with an increased incidence of renal metabolic diseases. Luteolin (Lut), a natural flavonoid, is widely used for its multifaceted therapeutic properties in inflammatory diseases. However, whether Lut protects against Cd-induced nephrotoxicity is still equivocal. The present study investigated the effects of Lut supplementation on renal oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolism and their related mechanisms. Therefore, 40 chickens were treated with Cd and/or Lut with automatic water and free food intake for 1 mo and then the kidney tissues were collected to explore this issue. In this study, Cd exposure induced renal glycolipid metabolism disorders and resultant kidney damage by periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, Oil Red O staining, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and glucose (Glu) levels in kidney, which were significantly ameliorated by Lut. Moreover, Lut also normalized the expression levels of factors related to Cd-disturbed glycolipid metabolism, improving metabolic homeostasis, and contributing to alleviating kidney damage. Furthermore, Lut demonstrated therapeutic potential against Cd-induced renal oxidative stress and inflammation by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting cytokine production in the kidney tissues. Mechanistically, Lut activated the AMPK/SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, ameliorating the metabolic disturbance. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate that Lut treatment activates AMPK/SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway, decreases oxidative stress and inflammation response, which may contribute to prevent Cd-induced metabolism disorder and consequent kidney damage.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios , Antioxidantes , Cadmio , Pollos , Riñón , Luteolina , Animales , Cadmio/toxicidad , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Luteolina/farmacología , Luteolina/administración & dosificación , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Inflamación/veterinaria , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Renales/prevención & control , Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Metabólicas/veterinaria , Enfermedades Metabólicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Metabólicas/inducido químicamente , Dieta/veterinaria , Masculino , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
Infection-induced hemolysis results in intravascular hemolysis, which releases hemoglobin (Hb) into the tissues. Free Hb exhibits cytotoxic, oxidative, and pro-inflammatory effects, leading to systemic inflammation, vascular constriction dysfunction, thrombosis, and proliferative vascular lesions. Currently, the impact of intravascular hemolysis on the middle kidney in fish is unclear. Here, the injection of phenylhydrazine (PHZ) was used to establish a persistent hemolysis model in grass carp. The determination results revealed that the PHZ-induced hemolysis caused conspicuous tissue damage in the kidneys of grass carp, increased the levels of Cr in the serum and the expression indicators of kidney injury-related genes in the middle kidney. Prussian blue staining indicated that PHZ-induced hemolysis significantly increased the deposition of iron ions in the kidneys of grass carp, and activated the expression levels of iron metabolism-related genes. The results of oxidative damage-related experiments indicate that under PHZ treatment, the activity of middle kidney cells decreases, and the production of oxidative damage markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) increases, simultaneously inhibiting the activity of antioxidant enzymes and upregulating the transcription levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes. Additionally, the analysis of inflammatory factors revealed a significant upregulation of genes associated with inflammation induced by PHZ-induced hemolysis. The transcriptome analysis was performed to further explore the molecular regulatory effects of hemolysis on tissues, the analysis revealed the treatment of PHZ activated various of programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, including ferroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. In summary, this study found that sustained hemolysis in fish results in Hb and iron ion deposition in middle kidney, promoting oxidative damage, ultimately inducing various forms of PCD.
Asunto(s)
Carpas , Enfermedades de los Peces , Hemólisis , Animales , Carpas/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Fenilhidrazinas/efectos adversos , Fenilhidrazinas/toxicidad , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/etiología , Enfermedades Renales/inmunología , Riñón/inmunología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The pathogenesis of increased serum phosphate concentration and proteinuria in dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is unclear. A potential link between proteinuria and calcium/phosphate metabolism has never been studied in dogs with HAC. The aims of the study were: (1) To evaluate calcium/phosphate metabolism in dogs with spontaneous HAC and compare to healthy dogs as well as to dogs with non-HAC illness; (2) to look for associations between markers of calcium/phosphate metabolism and biomarkers of kidney disease in dogs with HAC. Fifty-four dogs were included in the study, classified as HAC (n=27), non-HAC disease (n=17), and healthy (n=10). Serum calcium, phosphate, 25(OH)Vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D, plasma intact parathyroid hormone concentration (iPTH), FGF23, and urinary fractional excretion of calcium and phosphate were evaluated in all dogs at diagnosis and compared between each group. The correlation between these variables and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) and urinary N-acetylglucosaminidase-to-creatinine ratio (uNAG/C) was evaluated in the HAC group. Medians [range] of serum phosphate concentration, urinary fractional excretion of calcium (FE(Ca)), and iPTH were significantly higher in dogs with HAC than in dogs with non-HAC illness (P<0.01) and healthy dogs (P<0.01). Increased 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D/25(OH)Vitamin D was also observed (P<0.001). In HAC group, UPC was significantly negatively correlated with 25(OH)Vitamin D (r(s): -0.54; P<0.01). Urinary NAG/C was significantly positively correlated with serum phosphate (r(s): 0.46; P=0.019). Increased serum phosphate, urinary excretion of calcium, and hyperparathyroidism were observed in dogs with HAC. Vitamin D metabolism may be shifted towards increased 1-alpha hydroxylation.
Asunto(s)
Hiperfunción de las Glándulas Suprarrenales , Biomarcadores , Calcio , Enfermedades de los Perros , Fosfatos , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/orina , Enfermedades de los Perros/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Masculino , Fosfatos/sangre , Fosfatos/orina , Fosfatos/metabolismo , Femenino , Calcio/orina , Calcio/sangre , Calcio/metabolismo , Hiperfunción de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/veterinaria , Hiperfunción de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/orina , Hiperfunción de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/sangre , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/metabolismo , Enfermedades Renales/orina , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Proteinuria/veterinaria , Proteinuria/orina , Factor-23 de Crecimiento de FibroblastosRESUMEN
The aim of this consensus statement is to summarize and appraise scientific evidence and combine this with the clinical experience of a panel of experts to optimize recommendations on how to recognize and manage kidney disease in horses.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Caballos , Enfermedades Renales , Caballos , Animales , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/terapia , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , ConsensoRESUMEN
A 14-year-old male tiger developed anorexia with elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. The patient had a palpable abdominal mass and demonstrated neutrophilic leukocytosis and anaemia. Leukocytes, yeast and bacteria were present in the urine. The animal was non-responsive to therapy and was subsequently euthanised. Extensive acute renal papillary necrosis (RPN) with pyelonephritis, chronic nephritis and polycystic renal disease were evident during gross and microscopic pathology examinations. The histologic occurrence of fungal spores and pseudohyphae morphologically consistent with Candida species were observed within the necrotic papillary regions of the kidney and within multiple foci of mild parakeratotic hyperkeratosis present in the gingiva and tongue. Candida albicans along with a slight growth of Escherichia coli were recovered from kidney cultures. Possible contributory factors for the renal candidiasis and associated RPN include predisposing oral candidiasis, polycystic renal disease, ischaemic nephrosclerosis, age-associated or other forms of immunodeficiency and therapy with meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The absence of apparent lower urinary tract involvement coupled with the presence of intravascular renal 'Candida emboli' suggest that chronic oral candidiasis was the probable source of the kidney infection.
Asunto(s)
Candidiasis , Tigres , Animales , Masculino , Candidiasis/veterinaria , Candidiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Candidiasis/microbiología , Necrosis Papilar Renal/veterinaria , Necrosis Papilar Renal/etiología , Candida albicans/aislamiento & purificación , Animales de Zoológico , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/microbiología , Enfermedades Renales/patología , Enfermedades Renales/etiologíaRESUMEN
Avamectin (AVM), a macrolide antibiotic, is widely used in fisheries, agriculture, and animal husbandry, however, its irrational use poses a great danger to aquatic organisms. Ferulic acid (FA) is a natural chemical found in the cell walls of plants. It absorbs free radicals from the surrounding environment and acts as an antioxidant. However, the protective effect of FA against kidney injury caused by AVM has not been demonstrated. In this study, 60 carp were divided into the control group, AVM group (2.404 µg/L), FA+AVM group and FA group (400 mg/kg). Pathological examination, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and western blot were used to evaluate the preventive effect of FA on renal tissue injury after AVM exposure. Histological findings indicated that FA significantly reduced the swelling and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the kidney tissues of carp triggered by AVM. Dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescent probe assay showed that FA inhibited the accumulation of kidney ROS. Biochemical results showed that FA significantly increased glutathione (GSH) content, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and catalase (CAT) activity, and decreased intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In addition, western blot results revealed that the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and p-NF-κBp65 in the carp kidney were inhibited by AVM, but reversed by the FA. The qPCR results exhibited that FA significantly increased the mRNA levels of tgf-ß1 and il-10, while significantly down-regulated the gene expression levels of tnf-α, il-6 and il-1ß. These data suggest that FA can reduce oxidative stress and renal tissue inflammation induced by AVM. At the same time, FA inhibited the apoptosis of renal cells induced by AVM by decreasing the transcription level and protein expression level of Bax, and increasing the transcription level and protein expression level of Bcl2, PI3K and AKT. This study provides preliminary evidence for the theory that FA reduces the level of oxidative stress, inflammation response and kidney tissue damage caused by apoptosis in carp, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the AVM.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Carpas , Ácidos Cumáricos , Enfermedades de los Peces , Inflamación , Ivermectina , Estrés Oxidativo , Animales , Carpas/inmunología , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Ivermectina/farmacología , Ivermectina/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Cumáricos/farmacología , Enfermedades de los Peces/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/veterinaria , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Renales/prevención & control , Enfermedades Renales/inmunología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/patología , Distribución Aleatoria , Alimentación Animal/análisisRESUMEN
Normal canine kidneys are relatively homogeneous soft tissue attenuating structures on nonenhanced CT images. However, visible differences in attenuation between the renal crest and medulla are occasionally observed. This finding and its potential clinical implications have not been previously investigated. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of renal crest hyperattenuation (RCH) and investigate possible associations with signalment and laboratory parameters. Abdominal CT studies from 100 dogs, with biochemistry and urinalysis data obtained within 48 h before the CT acquisition, were categorized by two radiologists into those with and without visible RCH. The attenuation in Hounsfield units (HU) of the renal crest and renal medulla were measured. Signalment, biochemical, and urinalysis data were analyzed for associations with RCH. Correlation coefficients were calculated for measured HU and associated continuous parameters. Prevalence of RCH was 42.42% (42/99 dogs, 95% CI, 33-52%). Urinary specific gravity (USG) was significantly different between dogs with and without RCH (P = .034). Weak positive correlations were identified between left and right renal crest attenuation and USG (r = 0.233 and 0.253, respectively; P = .05). Renal crest hyperattenuation is a common finding in dogs undergoing abdominal CT. Although the correlation between the USG and renal crest HU is weak, the dogs with RCH have significantly higher USG. Renal crest hyperattenuation might, therefore, not be associated with renal insufficiency. No other specific associations of RCH were identified with parameters typically altered in a variety of diseases. Further investigation may be warranted for its relevance to specific diseases or if it indeed represents a physiological variant.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Riñón , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Animales , Perros , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Masculino , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Riñón/diagnóstico por imagen , Riñón/anatomía & histología , Prevalencia , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Renales/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Background: Paracetamol is one of the most popular drugs; it is used daily by many people especially the elderly, without a limitation on the length of the period allowed for continuous use. Harms from long-term use are less clear, particularly in extrahepatic regions. Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether using paracetamol at a non-observable adverse effect level dose, known not to cause toxic effects, for a long period can induce toxicity in aged male albino rats. Methods: A daily dose of 500 mg per kg body weight of paracetamol was given to adult male albino rats for 12 weeks. During this period, rats were sacrificed at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks to evaluate the toxic changes at several time intervals. Results: Chemical analysis revealed elevated serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, and declined level of total protein in N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-treated group; it also caused oxidative stress, as shown by decreased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and elevated malondialdehyde in the liver, kidney, and brain. Histopathological examination demonstrated cytoplasmic vacuolation and sinusoidal congestion with the development of single-cell necrosis in the liver. Renal tubular necrosis, glomerular atrophy, and ischemic neuronal injury, especially in the hippocampus were observed. the deleterious effects of APAP were increased in severity with increasing the period of treatment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that acetaminophen in a subtoxic dose for a long period could result in mild toxic effects on the liver but more serious lesions in the kidney and brain.
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Enfermedades Renales , Enfermedades de los Roedores , Humanos , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Acetaminofén/metabolismo , Acetaminofén/farmacología , Nivel sin Efectos Adversos Observados , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Hígado/metabolismo , Enfermedades Renales/veterinariaRESUMEN
Renibacterium salmoninarum causes Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) in several fish species. Atlantic lumpfish, a cleaner fish, is susceptible to R. salmoninarum. To profile the transcriptome response of lumpfish to R. salmoninarum at early and chronic infection stages, fish were intraperitoneally injected with either a high dose of R. salmoninarum (1 × 109 cells dose-1) or PBS (control). Head kidney tissue samples were collected at 28- and 98-days post-infection (dpi) for RNA sequencing. Transcriptomic profiling identified 1971 and 139 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in infected compared with control samples at 28 and 98 dpi, respectively. At 28 dpi, R. salmoninarum-induced genes (n = 434) mainly involved in innate and adaptive immune response-related pathways, whereas R. salmoninarum-suppressed genes (n = 1537) were largely connected to amino acid metabolism and cellular processes. Cell-mediated immunity-related genes showed dysregulation at 98 dpi. Several immune-signalling pathways were dysregulated in response to R. salmoninarum, including apoptosis, alternative complement, JAK-STAT signalling, and MHC-I dependent pathways. In summary, R. salmoninarum causes immune suppression at early infection, whereas lumpfish induce a cell-mediated immune response at chronic infection. This study provides a complete depiction of diverse immune mechanisms dysregulated by R. salmoninarum in lumpfish and opens new avenues to develop immune prophylactic tools to prevent BKD.