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Workplace exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust (cSiO2) has been etiologically linked to the development of lupus and other human autoimmune diseases. Lupus triggering can be recapitulated in female NZBWF1 mice by four weekly intranasal instillations with 1 mg cSiO2. This elicits inflammatory/autoimmune gene expression and ectopic lymphoid structure (ELS) development in the lung within 1 week, ultimately driving early onset of systemic autoimmunity and glomerulonephritis. Intriguingly, dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in fish oil, beginning 2 week prior to cSiO2 challenge, prevented inflammation and autoimmune flaring in this novel model. However, it is not yet known how ω-3 PUFA intervention influences established autoimmunity in this murine model of toxicant-triggered lupus. Here we tested the hypothesis that DHA intervention after cSiO2-initiated intrapulmonary autoimmunity will suppress lupus progression in the NZBWF1 mouse. Six-week old NZWBF1 female mice were fed purified isocaloric diet for 2 weeks and then intranasally instilled with 1 mg cSiO2 or saline vehicle weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. One week after the final instillation, which marks onset of ELS formation, mice were fed diets supplemented with 0, 4, or 10 g/kg DHA. One cohort of mice (n = 8/group) was terminated 13 weeks after the last cSiO2 instillation and assessed for autoimmune hallmarks. A second cohort of mice (n = 8/group) remained on experimental diets and was monitored for proteinuria and moribund criteria to ascertain progression of glomerulonephritis and survival, respectively. DHA consumption dose-dependently increased ω-3 PUFA content in the plasma, lung, and kidney at the expense of the ω-6 PUFA arachidonic acid. Dietary intervention with high but not low DHA after cSiO2 treatment suppressed or delayed: (i) recruitment of T cells and B cells to the lung, (ii) development of pulmonary ELS, (iii) elevation of a wide spectrum of plasma autoantibodies associated with lupus and other autoimmune diseases, (iv) initiation and progression of glomerulonephritis, and (v) onset of the moribund state. Taken together, these preclinical findings suggest that DHA supplementation at a human caloric equivalent of 5 g/d was an effective therapeutic regimen for slowing progression of established autoimmunity triggered by the environmental toxicant cSiO2.

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(1) Background: Night shift workers have greater risks of developing cardiometabolic diseases compared to day workers due to poor sleep quality and dietary habits, exacerbated by circadian misalignment. Assessing effects of dietary interventions on health outcomes among this group will highlight gaps for future research. (2) Methods: A search of studies was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Embase Classic, Ovid Emcare, and Google Scholar, from earliest to June 2019. The population-intervention-comparator-outcomes-study design format determined inclusion criteria. (3) Results: 756 articles were retrieved; five met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six-hundred-and-seventy night shift workers were from healthcare, industrial, and public safety industries. Dietary interventions included two longer-term nutrition programs and three shorter-term adjustments of meal composition, type, and timing. Outcome measures were varied but included weight and cardiometabolic health measures. Nutrition programs found no weight improvement at both six and 12 months; low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels decreased at six months. Triglycerides peaked after meals at 7:30 pm; glucose and insulin area under the curve peaked after meals at 11:30 pm. (4) Conclusions: Weight loss was not achieved in the studies reviewed but LDL-cholesterol improved. Future studies should investigate the effects of energy reduction and altering meal timing on cardiometabolic risk factors of night shift workers in randomised controlled trials, while assessing hunger, sleepiness, and performance.

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Antecedentes: Trabajadores con estado nutricional perjudicial presentan mayor tasa de absentismo, aumento del gasto de empresa y disminución de la productividad. Sería óptimo intervenir en el lugar de trabajo ya que empleamos un tercio del tiempo en él. Objetivos: Valorar la repercusión y la efectividad de programas de promoción de la salud en el estado nutricional de la población activa en los últimos cinco años. Fuentes de datos: Se recogieron estudios de Medline, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane y SCOPUS ajustándose a la PICO. Criterios de inclusión y exclusión: Se incluyen trabajadores mayores de 18 años indistintamente del puesto de trabajo. Se excluyen trabajadores con Índice de Masa Corporal mayor de 30, enfermos y/o con intervenciones farmacológicas. Evaluación y métodos de síntesis: Se realizó una síntesis de los artículos recogido en una tabla y un resumen narrativo. Resultados: Veintisiete (n=72632) fueron los estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Nueve de los estudios que analizaban programas de nutrición mostraron diferencias. La modificación del ejercicio físico conseguía resultados positivos en siete de los estudios. La sinergia de nutrición y actividad física obtenía resultados significativos en dos de ellos respecto al grupo control. Las mujeres presentan mayor adherencia. Conclusiones: Se propone llevar a cabo diseños protocolizados de mayor duración, intervenciones con objetivos definidos y validados, además de una adecuada evaluación de los datos para aumentar la calidad. Limitaciones: Los datos de reclutamiento y la descripción de las intervenciones fueron de baja calidad. La ausencia de datos cuantitativos impide la realización de metaanálisis

Background: Workers with a harmful nutritional status present a higher rate of absenteeism, which implies an increase in the business expenses and a decline in productivity. An intervention at the workplace would be optimal since about a third of our time is spent there. Objectives: Assessing the repercussion and the efficacy of health promotion programs on the nutritional status of the working population in the last five years. Data sources: Studies from Medline, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane and SCOPUS were collected, consistent with PICO system (problem, intervention, comparison and outcome). Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Workers from 18 years old are included, regardless of their workplace or job. Workers with a body-mass index higher than 30, sick people or people with a pharmacological intervention are excluded. Evaluation and synthesis methods: A synthesis of the articles was conducted and collected in a table, as well as a narrative summary. Results: Twenty-seven (n=72632) were the number of studies which met the inclusion criteria. Nine of the studies analysing nutrition programs showed differences. The modification of the physical exercise routine resulted in positive results in seven of the studies. The synergy of nutrition and physical activity improvements obtained significant results in two of them in relation to the control group. Women exhibited a bigger adherence. Conclusions: It is proposed to conduct protocolized studies of longer duration, interventions with defined and validated objectives, besides an appropriate evaluation of the data to improve the quality. Limitations: The recruitment data and the description of the interventions were of low-quality. The absence of quantitative data prevents the reporting of meta-analysis

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OBJECTIVES: The translation of lifestyle intervention to improve glucose tolerance into the workplace has been rare. The objective of this meta-analysis is to summarize the evidence for the effectiveness of dietary interventions in worksite settings on lowering blood sugar levels. METHODS: We searched for studies in PubMed, Embase, Econlit, Ovid, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Search terms were as follows: (1) Exposure-based: nutrition/diet/dietary intervention/health promotion/primary prevention/health behavior/health education/food /program evaluation; (2) Outcome-based: diabetes/hyperglycemia/glucose/HbA1c/glycated hemoglobin; and (3) Setting-based: workplace/worksite/occupational/industry/job/employee. We manually searched review articles and reference lists of articles identified from 1969 to December 2016. We tested for between-studies heterogeneity and calculated the pooled effect sizes for changes in HbA1c (%) and fasting glucose (mg/dl) using random effect models for meta-analysis in 2016. RESULTS: A total of 17 articles out of 1663 initially selected articles were included in the meta-analysis. With a random-effects model, worksite dietary interventions led to a pooled -0.18% (95% CI, -0.29 to -0.06; P<0.001) difference in HbA1c. With the random-effects model, the interventions resulted in 2.60 mg/dl lower fasting glucose with borderline significance (95% CI: -5.27 to 0.08, P=0.06). In the multivariate meta-regression model, the interventions with high percent of female participants and that used the intervention directly delivered to individuals, rather the environment changes, were associated with more effective interventions. CONCLUSION: Workplace dietary interventions can improve HbA1c. The effects were larger for the interventions with greater number of female participants and with individual-level interventions.

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Work-related stress (WS) can result in considerable and extensive changes in physiological and psychological performance. WS beyond the optimal levels induces anxiety, confusion, exhaustion, and burnout. Chronic WS affects neurocognitive performance, particularly attention and visuospatial memory. Essence of chicken (EC) has been reported to improve neurocognitive function after mental stress.To investigate the beneficial effects of EC in improving neurocognitive performance under WS, we conducted a randomized, double blind trial. Total 102 young workers in New Taipei City with high WS, evaluated using the Individual Subjective Perception Job Stress Scale scores (>36 for job leaders and 33 for nonleaders) were recruited. Fifty-one participants received 70 mL of EC and 51 received a placebo daily for 2 weeks. Blood tests and neurocognitive assessment were performed before treatment, at the end of treatment, and 2 weeks after treatment.EC improved the performance of participants with high depression scores in the form-color associative memory test, used for assessing short-term memory. Although creatinine and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels increased in week 2, but the levels returned to the baseline in week 4. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels decreased in week 4.EC significantly improved short-term memory in participants with high WS and concomitant depressive mood, although it slightly increased GPT and creatinine levels and reduced BUN levels. The long-term treatment effects of EC warrant further investigation.

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Chronic cervical pain is a common symptom of sedentary office workers. Black soybean (Glycine max var.) has rich necessary nutrients for the therapy of chronic pain. Thus, it may ease chronic cervical pain. To prove our claim, 260 sedentary office workers with chronic pain were recruited and they consumed the defined diets at breakfast, lunch, and dinner with 1 g, 5 g and 10 g (3 g, 15 g, 30 g daily) cooked black soybean for 24 weeks. Visual analog scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI) pain scores and short-form 36 (SF-36) health survey questionnaires were applied in the study. The levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) were measured. The VAS and NDI pain scores reduced and SF-36 scores increased in a 15 or 30 g black soybean daily group compared with a 3 g black soybean daily group after a 24-week therapy (P < 0.05). The 30 g black soybean daily group was better than the 15 g black soybean daily group in relieving chronic cervical pain of sedentary office workers (p < 0.05). The levels of NMDAR were lower in the 15 or 30 black soybean daily group than those in the 3 g black soybean daily group (P < 0.05). Black soybean can ameliorate chronic cervical pain by down-regulating the levels of NMDAR.

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BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to assess the load on the musculoskeletal system and its effects in the collectors of solid refuse. The rationale behind this study was to formulate proposals how to reduce excessive musculoskeletal load in this group of workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group comprised 15 refuse collectors aged 25 to 50 years. Data about the workplace characteristics and subjective complaints of workers were collected by the free interview and questionnaire. During the survey the photorecording of the workpostures, the distance and velocity by GPS recorders, measurements of forces necessary to move containers, energy expenditure (lung ventilation method), workload estimation using the Firstbeat system and REBA method and stadiometry were done. RESULTS: The distance walked daily by the collectors operating in terms of 2 to 3 in urban areas was about 15 km, and in rural areas about 18 km. The most frequent musculoskeletal complaints concerned the feet (60% subjects), knees, wrists and shoulders (over 40% subjects). After work-shift all examined workers had vertebral column shorter by 10 to 14 mm (11.4 mm mean). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that the refuse collectors are subjected to a very high physical load because of the work organization and the way it is performed. To avoid adverse health effects and overload it is necessary to undertake ergonomic interventions, involving training of workers to improve the way of their job performance, active and passive leisure, technical control of the equipment and refuse containers, as well as the renegotiation of contracts with clients, especially those concerning non-standard containers.

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Based on generalization and analysis of instructions and guidelines for therapeutical and prophylactic diets of workers, ways of its optimization were proposed, by using bifide-containing acid dairy products as a preventive agent against possible occupational diseases caused by occupational factors.

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Behavioral and sociodemographic correlates of high fat/calorie food consumption were examined in a population-based sample of working adults (N = 2038 men; N = 2335 women). Relative weight, dieting history, and cigarette smoking were significantly related to total energy intake from high fat/calorie foods. Relative weight was positively related to the intake of meat, eggs, fried potatoes, and fats. Current dieting to lose weight was associated with a lower intake of all foods, except alcohol and fats. These foods were unrelated to dieting status in men and positively related to dieting status in women. Physical activity and smoking were related to higher intake of high fat/calorie foods. Smokers consumed fewer sweet foods than nonsmokers, however. These results underscore the importance of controlling for dieting status, as well as other behavioral and demographic variables, in population studies of dietary intake. They also suggest factors that may be important in the etiology of unhealthy eating patterns and potential targets for dietary intervention.

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The content of vitamins C, E, A and beta-carotene was studied in the blood serum of 404 workers and employees of the Kuzbass industrial enterprises. Insufficient providing of the body with ascorbic acid, tocopherol and beta-carotene has been revealed. The number of workers and employees with vitamin C deficiency comprises at an average 95%, with vitamin E deficiency--9%, and with beta-carotene deficiency--34%. Industrial enterprises characterized by hard physical labor and occupational health hazard have been found to be most unfavourable with respect to providing with vitamins. The results of the investigations conducted have evidenced the necessity of correcting the vitamin nutrition of the subjects studied.

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Data are reported on the frequency of associated chronic diseases of the digestive organs in female workers of the textile industry. With the purpose of enhancing medico-social adaptation the authors developed two variants (main and sparing) of a unified gastroenterological diet which provides adequate energy and nutrient conditions for workers of the textile industry.

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Provision with vitamins C, P, B6, PP, changes in the blood serum creatine kinase activity, some parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and integral values were studied in rats exposed to the 30-day action of stable "white" noise with the intensity of 100 dB A, in the presence of both usual physiologic and specially developed, pathogenetically validated nutrition. Simultaneously, the above biochemical parameters, acoustic sensitivity and subjective data were comparatively investigated in two groups of workers of "noisy" occupations. It was shown that the proposed prophylactic ration produced a favourable effect on the studied parameters of the body exposed to intensive industrial noise.

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As against controls essential differences in the amino acids content were disclosed largely in patients with a well-marked form of poisoning, i. e. a fall in the level of 7 from among 17 amino acid under examination (valine, glycine, leucine, lysine, serine, tyrosine, phenylalanine). After a peroral administration of 100 gm of an amino acids mixture the increment in the amount of amino acids in the blood of these patients proved lower than in controls both after a lapse of 30 and 60 minutes. In patients with a mild form of poisoning a fall of the serine, tyrosine and phenylalanine level in the blood was ascertained. The amino acids loading revealed a lesser accretion of amino acids in the blood on expiration of 60 minutes. The specific D-penicillinamine medication had no effect on the amino acids content in the plasma and their absorption in the intestines.

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The present investigation uncovered certain changes in the intensity of the acetylating processes, in the blood and urine levels of the pyruvic acid and in the urinary excretion of thiamine in a number of persons engaged in the production of phenol-formaldehyde resins. An enrichment of medico-prophylactic ration No 4 with thiamine and calcium pantothenate led to normalization of the study characteristics. The results thus made available bear proof to the prophylactic effectiveness of a supplementary vitaminization of the special diet accorded to workers handling phenol-formaldehyde resins.

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A patient working as a stove-fitter suffers from calciumoxalate urolithiasis. The exploration of his typical occupation and the special investigation of lithogenic factors in urine and serum points to deterioration of oxalate urolithiasis.

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