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Stress is associated with orofacial pain sensitivity and is qualified as a temporomandibular disorder risk factor. During stressful periods, painful thresholds of masticatory muscles in individuals suffering muscle facial pain are significantly lower than in controls, but the exact physiologic mechanism underlying this relation remains unclear. Our hypothesis is that chronic unpredictable stress and masticatory hypofunction induce morphologic and metabolic masseter muscle changes in rats. For test this hypothesis, adult Wistar rats were submitted to chronic unpredictable stress and/or exodontia of left molars and the left masseter muscle was removed for analysis. The parameters evaluated included ultrastructure, oxidative level, metabolism activity and morphological analysis in this muscle. Our data show by histological analysis, that stress and exodontia promoted a variation on diameters and also angled contours in masseter fibers. The masticatory hypofunction increased oxidative metabolism as well as decreased reactive species of oxygen in masseter muscle. The ultrastructural analysis of muscle fibers showed disruption of the sarcoplasmic reticulum cisterns in certain regions of the fiber in stress group, and the disappearance of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane in group with association of stress and exodontia. Our findings clarify mechanisms by which chronic stress and masticatory hypofunction might be involved in the pathophysiology of muscular dysfunctions. Masticatory hypofunction influenced oxidative stress and induced oxidative metabolism on masseter muscle, as well as altered its fiber morphology. Chronic stress presented malefic effect on masseter morphology at micro and ultra structurally. When both stimuli were applied, there were atrophic fibers and a complete mitochondrial derangement.

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Resumo O uso de drogas traz diversos malefícios para a saúde bucal, aumentando a prevalência das doenças cárie dentária e periodontal, representando um sério problema de saúde pública. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência das doenças cárie dentária e periodontal em usuários de drogas institucionalizados. Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, censitário e analítico realizado com usuários de drogas institucionalizados no período de agosto de 2016 a junho de 2017. Examinadores padronizados aplicaram um formulário para coleta de dados sociodemográficos e consumo de drogas. A cárie dentária foi avaliada através do índice CPO-D e a doença periodontal através dos indicadores clínicos: sangramento à sondagem, índice de placa, índice gengival, profundidade de sondagem e nível de inserção clínica. Foram avaliados 112 indivíduos do sexo masculino, média de idade de 36,7 anos (Dp±11,5). A droga mais consumida foi o álcool (92,0 %) por cerca de 19,4 anos (Dp±11.08), seguido do tabaco (70,95%) em média por 18,0 anos (Dp±11,66), maconha (65,2%) por 13,7 anos (Dp±8,22), cocaína (53,3%) por 8,5 anos (Dp±6,00) e crack (50,0%) por 11,1 anos (Dp±7,18). Conclui-se que a prevalência da doença de cárie foi 97,3% e da doença periodontal 51,5%. A população estudada apresentou alta prevalência de cárie dentária e doença periodontal e houve correlação entre o tempo de uso do álcool e tabaco com a doença periodontal e com maior CPO-D.

Resumen El uso de drogas trae diversos problemas para la salud bucal, aumentando la prevalencia de las enfermedades de caries y periodontales, representando un serio problema de salud pública. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia de las enfermedades periodontales y caries en usuarios de drogas institucionalizadas. Estudio epidemiológico, transversal, censitario y analítico realizado con usuarios de drogas institucionalizadas en el período de agosto de 2016 a junio de 2017. Los examinadores estandarizados aplicaron formulario para recolección de datos sociodemográficos y consumo de drogas. Las caries dentales fueron evaluadas a través del índice CPO-D y la enfermedad periodontal a través de los indicadores clínicos: sangrado al sondeo, índice de placa, índice gengival, profundidad de sondeo y nivel de inserción clínica. Se evaluaron 112 individuos del sexo masculino, media de edad de 36,7 años (Dp ± 11,5). La droga más consumida fue el alcohol (92,0%) por cerca de 19,4 años (Dp ± 11.08), seguido del tabaco (70,95%) en promedio por 18,0 años (Dp ± 11,66), (65,2%) por 13,7 años (Dp ± 8,22), cocaína (53,3%) por 8,5 años (Dp ± 6,00) y crack (50,0%) por 11, 1 años (Dp ± 7,18). La prevalencia de la enfermedad caries fue del 97,3% y de la enfermedad periodontal 51,5%. Se concluye que la población estudiada presentó alta prevalencia de caries y enfermedad periodontal y existió correlación entre el tiempo de uso del alcohol y tabaco con la enfermedad periodontal y con mayor CPO-D.

Abstract Drug use causes several health hazards to oral health, increasing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases, representing a serious public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dental and periodontal caries in institutionalized drug users. It is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, census-based, analytical study with institutionalized drug users, carried out from August 2016 to June 2017. Standardized examiners applied a form to collect sociodemographic data and on drug consumption. Dental caries were evaluated through the DMFT index and periodontal disease through clinical indicators: bleeding at probing, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and level of clinical insertion. A total of 112 males, mean age 36.7 years (Dp ± 11.5) were evaluated. The most commonly used drug was alcohol (92.0%) for about 19.4 years (Dp ± 11.08), followed by tobacco (70.95%) on average for 18.0 years (Dp ± 11.66), marijuana (65.2%) for 13.7 years (Dp ± 8.22), cocaine (53.3%) for 8.5 years (Dp ± 6.00) and crack (50.0%) for 11.1 year (Dp ± 7.18). It is concluded that the prevalence of caries was 97.3% and of periodontal disease 51.5%. The studied population presented high prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease and there was a correlation between alcohol and tobacco use time with periodontal disease and with higher DMFT.

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Las urgencias estomatológicas son procesos dolorosos, infecciosos, traumáticos o hemorrágicos que afectan la cavidad bucal y tejidos circundantes. Con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento de Urgencias Estomatológicas en el ASIC Santa Ana, Municipio Libertador, Estado Aragua, Venezuela, enero diciembre 2013, se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. El universo fue de 6234 pacientes pertenecientes al consultorio, la muestra estuvo representada por 392 que acudieron al mismo. La caries dental acompañada de dolor constituyó el 30 por ciento de las urgencias, el mayor por ciento acudió con Odontalgia para un 41,11 por ciento, seguido del absceso dento alveolar agudo 24,39 por ciento y la pulpitis 8,71 por ciento, los grupos de edades que más frecuentaron la consulta de urgencia fueron el de 19 a 34 y 35 a 59 años, con predominio del sexo femenino, las principales Urgencias Estomatológicas fueron odontalgia, absceso dentoalveolar agudo y pulpitis, el mayor por ciento de los pacientes acudió a la consulta a las 48 horas(AU)

The stomatological emergencies are painful, infectious, traumatic and hemorrhagic processes that affect the buccal cavity and the surrounding tissues. It was performed an observational, descriptive and transversal study with the objective to determine the behavior of the stomatological emergencies in Santa Anas CIHA, Liberator Municipality in Aragua State, Venzuela, since January to December, 2013. The universe was about 6234 patients that belonged to the medical office; the sample was represented by 392 patients. The dental caries with pain constituted 30 percent of the emergencies; the greatest percent came to the Odontology service, making 41.11 perent followed by the acute dental alveolar abscess (24.39 percent) and pulpitis (8.71 percent). The age group that mostly visited the emergency medical office was about 19 to 34 and 35 to 59 years old, the females prevailed. The main stomatological emergencies were the odontalgia, the acute dental alveolar abscess and pulpitis. The greatest percent of the patients came to the medical office after 48 hours(EU)

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INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated whether leprosy reactions could be associated with oral infection. METHODS: Leprosy patients (n = 38) with (Group I) and without (Group II) oral infections were selected. Reactions were identified from the clinical and histopathological features associated with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and10kDa interferon-gamma-induced protein (IP-10) levels, determined before and after elimination of the foci of infection. RESULTS: Group I presented more reactions than group II did, and improvement of the reactions after dental treatment. Serum CRP and IP-10 did not differ before and after the dental treatment, but differed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral infection could be an exacerbating factor in leprosy reactions.

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INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated whether leprosy reactions could be associated with oral infection. METHODS: Leprosy patients (n = 38) with (Group I) and without (Group II) oral infections were selected. Reactions were identified from the clinical and histopathological features associated with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and10kDa interferon-gamma-induced protein (IP-10) levels, determined before and after elimination of the foci of infection. RESULTS: Group I presented more reactions than group II did, and improvement of the reactions after dental treatment. Serum CRP and IP-10 did not differ before and after the dental treatment, but differed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral infection could be an exacerbating factor in leprosy reactions.

INTRODUÇÃO: Este estudo avaliou se as reações hansênicas podem estar associadas a infecções orais. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com hanseníase (n=38) com (Grupo I) e sem (Grupo II) infecções orais foram selecionados. As reações foram identificadas pelas características clínicas, histopatológicas, associadas a proteína-C-reativa (PCR) e proteína indutora de interferon-gamma de 10kDa (IP-10) séricos determinados antes e após a eliminação dos focos de infecção. RESULTADOS: Grupo I apresentou mais reações que o grupo II, e melhora das reações após o tratamento odontológico. PCR e IP-10 séricos não diferiram antes e após o tratamento odontológico, entretanto diferiram entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: As infecções orais podem ser exacerbadores das reações hansênicas.

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UNLABELLED: Oral parafunctional habits and orofacial myofunctional dysfunctions are commonly observed in children and considered as contributory factors for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim of this work was to describe the frequency of oral parafunctional habits and orofacial myofunctional dysfunctions and to evaluate the association between them and signs and symptoms of TMD in patients attending to the TMD section of the Pediatric Dentistry Department of the University of Buenos Aires. METHODS: Data obtained from dental records performed during 2003-2007 were entered into a database registering age, gender, reason for consultation, psychological stress, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, dysfunctions and parafunctions, for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The sample was constituted by 133 patients (average age: 12 +/- 3 years old). Ninety six percent of patients showed dysfunctions and/or parafunctions. Regarding dysfunctions, they were present in 78% of the sample; 48% had dysfunctional swallowing; 45% oral and mixed breathing, and 29% chewing food on one preferred side. With regard to parafunctions, bruxism was present in 74% of cases, gum chewing habit in 55%, nail biting in 48%, biting in 28%, jaw play in 22%, and sucking in 14%. TMD symptoms were associated with total dysfunctions and parafunctions (p <0.05). Using multivariate analysis, results showed a significant correlation between masticatory dysfunction and clicking joint noise (p= 0.023) and bruxism as reason for consultation (p= 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Dysfunctions and parafunctions showed in this study a high prevalence and were significantly associated with TMD symptoms.

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Tomando conciencia de que los pacientes discapacitados son los que más nos necesitan, nuestra gran preocupación es la problemática de salud general y bucal del niño con parálisis cerebral. Queremos por medio de este trabajo dar a conocer los efectos que se producen en la cavidad bucal de nuestros pacientes con parálisis cerebral (PC), de modo que permitan crear programas apropiados de odontología preventiva y restaurativa.

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A síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS), difunde-se rápido pelo mundo. Pacientes com AIDS já atingiram cerca de 1 milhäo de pessoas até 1997 em levantamento realizado em 156 países. Porém estima-se que mais de 20 milhöes de pessoas estejam infectadas pelo HIV, surgindo a necessidade do Cirurgiäo Dentista estar informado para melhor atender os pacientes que a cada dia apresentam sintomas e patologias diversas, como neste caso, que além do paciente apresentar infecçäo pelo HIV apresenta concominantemente Leishmaniose

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