RESUMEN
Genetic factors alone cannot explain the pathophysiology of moyamoya disease (MMD), and environmental factors such as an immune response are thought to be involved. Oral and gut microbiomes have attracted attention as environmental factors in the pathophysiology of some vascular and autoimmune diseases. However, the relationship between MMD and these microbiomes is yet to be thoroughly investigated. This prospective case-control study aimed to compare the microbiomes of Japanese patients with MMD with those of healthy individuals to identify the specific bacteria involved in MMD. Saliva and fecal samples were collected from 16 patients with MMD who had not undergone revascularization surgery. Fifteen healthy individuals were matched for age, sex, and body mass index. The microbiomes were determined using 16S rRNA sequencing and analyzed using QIIME2. Differentially abundant microbes were identified using LEfSE and ANCOM-BC. In the oral microbiome, the two analytical methods showed that Campylobacter was more abundant in patients with MMD than in healthy individuals. Differences in the gut microbiome were smaller than those in the oral microbiome. In conclusion, the oral microbiome profiles of patients with MMD significantly differ from those of healthy individuals. Campylobacter spp. could be a substantial environmental factor in the pathophysiology of MMD.
Asunto(s)
Campylobacter , Microbiota , Enfermedad de Moyamoya , Saliva , Humanos , Campylobacter/genética , Campylobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Enfermedad de Moyamoya/genética , Enfermedad de Moyamoya/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Saliva/microbiología , Heces/microbiologíaRESUMEN
To examine the relationship between Moyamoya disease and bacterial infections, authors studied the serum of 85 cases of Moyamoya disease and the influence of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) infection on intracranial arteries in rats. The serum levels of P. acnes antibody, IgM, transferrin (Tf), alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) were significantly higher in Moyamoya disease than in normal volunteers. Moyamoya-like changes of the intracranial internal carotid arteries were histopathologically demonstrated in P. acnes infectious rats. These findings suggest that P. acnes and immunological factors might play a role in the pathogenesis of Moyamoya disease.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Bacterianas/complicaciones , Infecciones Bacterianas/metabolismo , Arterias Cerebrales/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Moyamoya/inmunología , Enfermedad de Moyamoya/microbiología , Propionibacterium acnes/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Arteria Carótida Interna/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina M/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nefelometría y Turbidimetría , Propionibacterium acnes/inmunología , Ratas , Transferrina/inmunología , alfa-Macroglobulinas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Stroke in children has been considered to be the most important cause of acute infantile hemiplegia. The author studied 32 patients with childhood stroke. Of the patients 20 had ischemic stroke, and 12 had hemorrhagic stroke. There is an increase of ischemic stroke cases without known predisposing factors in spring. The possibility of nasopharyngeal infection of ischemic stroke in childhood is emphasized.