RESUMEN
ABSTRACT: This case emphasizes the value of meticulous observation and regular follow-up of patients receiving rifampicin therapy. The prognosis for complete improvement in renal function in such cases was excellent, with prompt recognition and discontinuation of rifampicin. Teaching patients about these possible adverse effects and encouraging immediate reporting of signs and symptoms are likely to be beneficial because acute kidney injury can manifest itself very quickly after rifampicin is started. Even if renal failure can happen with any dose of rifampicin, primary physicians must have awareness about patients on intermittent or irregular therapy and those who have previously used this medication. It is challenging to determine the prevalence of adverse reactions to common antibiotics where a state- or country-wide reporting system is absent. Along with withdrawal of the causative agent patients were treated with corticosteroids (0.5-1 mg/kg/day) for an average period of 4-12 weeks showing significant recovery of renal function.
Asunto(s)
Antituberculosos , Nefritis Intersticial , Rifampin , Humanos , Nefritis Intersticial/inducido químicamente , Rifampin/efectos adversos , Rifampin/uso terapéutico , Antituberculosos/efectos adversos , Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Granuloma/inducido químicamente , Granuloma/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Femenino , Enfermedad AgudaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound FYTF-919 (Zhong Feng Xing Nao prescription) may improve outcome from acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) through effects on brain edema, hematoma absorption, and the immune system. This study is to assess whether FYTF-919 is safe and effective as compared to matching placebo treatment in patients with acute ICH. METHODS: The ongoing Chinese Herbal medicine in patients with Acute INtracerebral hemorrhage (CHAIN) is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of FYTF-919 in patients with acute ICH at 20-30 hospital sites in China. Eligible ICH patients presenting within 48 h after symptom onset are randomly allocated to receive either FYTF-919 (100 mL per day × 28 d, oral) or matching placebo. A sample size of 1,504 patients is estimated to provide 90% power (α 0.05) to detect a ≥20% improvement in average utility-weight scores on the modified Rankin scale (UW-mRS) assessed at 90 days, with 6% non-adherence and 10% lost to follow-up. The primary efficacy outcome is UW-mRS at 90 days. Secondary outcomes include binary measures of the mRS, neurological impairment on the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, and health-related quality of life on the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L scale at different time points over 6 months of follow-up. The key safety measure is serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: CHAIN is on schedule to provide reliable evidence over the benefits of a popular herbal TCM for the treatment of acute ICH.
Asunto(s)
Hemorragia Cerebral , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Humanos , Método Doble Ciego , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/efectos adversos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Hemorragia Cerebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios Prospectivos , China , Factores de Tiempo , Recuperación de la Función , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Enfermedad Aguda , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Estado Funcional , AdultoRESUMEN
The aim of the interdisciplinary S2k guideline "Acute infectious gastroenteritis in infants, children and adolescents" is to summarise the current state of knowledge on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and hygiene of acute infectious gastroenteritis, including nosocomial gastrointestinal infections, in infants, children and adolescents on the basis of scientific evidence, to evaluate it by expert consensus and to derive practice-relevant recommendations from it. The guideline provides a corridor for action for frequent decisions. It also serves the purpose of evidence-based further education and training and is thus intended to improve the medical care of children with acute gastroenteritis. In particular, the guideline aims to avoid unnecessary hospitalisation of children with AGE and to take preventive measures to avoid and spread infection.
Asunto(s)
Gastroenteritis , Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Lactante , Preescolar , Gastroenteritis/terapia , Gastroenteritis/diagnóstico , Gastroenteritis/prevención & control , Enfermedad Aguda , Recién Nacido , Alemania , Gastroenterología/normas , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Masculino , Femenino , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Infección Hospitalaria/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Catheter-based interventions and surgical embolectomy represent alternatives to systemic fibrinolysis for patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) or those with intermediate-high-risk PE who deteriorate hemodynamically. They are indicated when systemic fibrinolysis is contraindicated or ineffective, or if obstructive shock is imminent. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be added to reperfusion therapies or used alone for severe right ventricular dysfunction and cardiogenic shock. These advanced therapies complement but do not replace anticoagulation, which remains the cornerstone in PE management. This review summarizes the evidence and shares practical recommendations for the use of anticoagulant therapy before, during, and after acute PE interventions.
Asunto(s)
Anticoagulantes , Embolectomía , Embolia Pulmonar , Humanos , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Anticoagulantes/administración & dosificación , Enfermedad Aguda , Embolectomía/métodos , Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Terapia Trombolítica/métodosAsunto(s)
Embolia Pulmonar , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad Aguda , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Noninvasive respiratory support modalities are common alternatives to mechanical ventilation in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, studies historically compare noninvasive respiratory support to conventional oxygen rather than mechanical ventilation. In this study, we compared outcomes in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure treated initially with noninvasive respiratory support to patients treated initially with invasive mechanical ventilation. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational cohort study between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019 at a large healthcare network in the United States. We used a validated phenotyping algorithm to classify adult patients (≥18 years) with eligible International Classification of Diseases codes into two cohorts: those treated initially with noninvasive respiratory support or those treated invasive mechanical ventilation only. The primary outcome was time-to-in-hospital death analyzed using an inverse probability of treatment weighted Cox model adjusted for potential confounders. Secondary outcomes included time-to-hospital discharge alive. A secondary analysis was conducted to examine potential differences between noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and nasal high flow. RESULTS: During the study period, 3177 patients met inclusion criteria (40% invasive mechanical ventilation, 60% noninvasive respiratory support). Initial noninvasive respiratory support was not associated with a decreased hazard of in-hospital death (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.35-1.2), but was associated with an increased hazard of discharge alive (HR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.92-2.67). In-hospital death varied between the nasal high flow (HR 3.27, 95% CI: 1.43-7.45) and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.25-1.07), but both were associated with increased likelihood of discharge alive (nasal high flow HR 2.12, 95 CI: 1.25-3.57; noninvasive positive pressure ventilation HR 2.29, 95% CI: 1.92-2.74). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that noninvasive respiratory support is not associated with reduced hazards of in-hospital death but is associated with hospital discharge alive.
Asunto(s)
Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Ventilación no Invasiva , Insuficiencia Respiratoria , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/terapia , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Ventilación no Invasiva/métodos , Respiración Artificial/métodos , Hipoxia/terapia , Enfermedad Aguda , AdultoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Low-osmolarity oral rehydration salt (ORS) and zinc therapy effectively manage diarrhea in children under five years of age, offering both short- and long-term benefits. Despite this, caregivers' adherence to ORS and zinc is often unsatisfactory due to factors such as forgetfulness, resolution of symptoms, and underestimation of the disease's severity. This study assessed the effect of mobile call reminders on ORS and zinc tablet adherence among children with acute diarrhea in a secondary-level health facility in Kwara State, Nigeria. METHODS: Using an open-label, randomized controlled trial design, this study compared caregiver-child pairs with acute diarrhea aged 6-59 months who received standard instructions (SI) alone (control group) and an intervention group (IG) who received SI plus phone call reminders on days three and seven of zinc sulfate therapy. All participants used a pictorial diary to track loose/watery stools and ORS and zinc tablet treatments for ten days. The primary outcome measures were independent and combined adherence to ORS and zinc therapy. The secondary outcomes were independent and combined adherence scores, defined as the percentage of times the ORS was given post-diarrhea and the percentage of prescribed zinc tablets administered out of ten. RESULTS: A total of 364/400 mother-child pairs completed the study. The percentage of mothers with full adherence in the intervention group was 82.5% for ORS, 72.1% for zinc, and 58.5% for combined use, compared to 78.8%, 60.8%, and 43.6%, respectively, in the control group. The odds of full adherence to ORS and zinc were 1.6 and 1.7 times higher among intervention mothers [ORS: OR = 1.561, 95% CI = 0.939-2.598, P = 0.085; zinc: OR = 1.671, 95% CI = 1.076-2.593, P = 0.022], and 1.8 times higher for combined use according to WHO guidelines [OR = 1.818, 95% CI = 1.200-2.754, P = 0.005]. The mean adherence scores for the intervention group were higher than those for the control group by 4.1% (95% CI = 0.60-7.60) for ORS, 7.3% (95% CI = 3.74-10.86) for zinc, and 5.7% (95% CI = 3.23-8.17) for the combined treatment. CONCLUSION: Phone reminders can effectively improve consistency of home treatment administered by caregivers for children under five years old. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered retrospectively (17/3/2023) with the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202301560735856).
Asunto(s)
Teléfono Celular , Diarrea , Fluidoterapia , Sistemas Recordatorios , Humanos , Lactante , Femenino , Preescolar , Masculino , Fluidoterapia/métodos , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Diarrea/terapia , Nigeria , Zinc/uso terapéutico , Zinc/administración & dosificación , Enfermedad Aguda , Cumplimiento de la Medicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Sulfato de Zinc/uso terapéutico , Sulfato de Zinc/administración & dosificación , AdultoRESUMEN
The significant impact of acute respiratory tract infections on healthcare systems is well-documented, given their contribution to emergency department admissions, hospitalizations, and increased use of antibiotics and other medications. However, further research is needed to understand the burden of acute respiratory tract infections in pediatric community care to develop effective public health interventions and improve child health outcomes. Real-world data were retrieved from Pedianet, an Italian network of over 200 family pediatricians. Acute respiratory tract infection visits were identified and analysed using an infection-duration algorithm to extract individual cases. The number of follow-up visits per 100 cases was calculated to assess the burden on the Italian National Health Service. Comparisons were made overall and stratified by type of acute respiratory tract infections and epidemiological season. A total of 1,402,953 acute respiratory infections-related visits were recorded, with an overall rate of 12 visits per 100 cases. Upper respiratory tract infections had an average of 9 visits per 100 cases. Lower respiratory tract infections exhibited a higher burden, with 29 visits per 100 cases. Pneumonia showed a declining trend in the pre-pandemic era (62 to 48 visits) but rebounded in the post-COVID-19 years (32 to 42 visits). This study underscores the importance of monitoring and managing acute respiratory infections, especially lower respiratory tract infections, in pediatric care.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio , Humanos , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Niño , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Preescolar , Femenino , COVID-19/epidemiología , Lactante , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Costo de EnfermedadAsunto(s)
Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Humanos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/efectos adversos , Enfermedad Aguda , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Glucósidos/efectos adversos , Glucósidos/administración & dosificación , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/efectos adversosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Critically ill patients with severe pancreatitis exhibit substantial muscle wasting, which limits in-hospital and post-hospital outcomes. Survivors of critical illness undergo extensive recovery processes. Previous studies have explored pancreatic function, quality of life, and costs post-hospitalization for AP patients, but none have comprehensively quantified muscle loss and recovery post-discharge. By applying an AI-based automated segmentation tool, we aimed to quantify muscle mass recovery in ICU patients after discharge. MATERIALS: Muscle segmentation was performed on 22 patients, with a minimum of three measurements taken during hospitalization and one clinically indicated examination after hospital discharge. Changes in psoas muscle area (PMA) between admission, discharge and follow up were calculated. T-Test was performed to identify significant differences between patients able and not able to recover their muscle mass. RESULTS: Monitoring PMA shows muscle loss during and gain after hospitalization: The mean PMA at the first scan before or at ICU admission (TP1) was 17.08 cm², at the last scan before discharge (TP2), mean PMA was 9.61 cm². The percentage change in PMA between TP1 and TP2 ranged from - 85.42% to -2.89%, with a mean change of -40.18%. The maximum muscle decay observed during the stay was - 50.61%. After a mean follow-up period of 438.73 days most patients (81%) were able to increase their muscle mass. Compared to muscle status at TP1, only 27% of patients exhibited full recovery, with the majority still presenting a deficit of 31.96%. CONCLUSION: Muscle recovery in ICU patients suffering from severe AP is highly variable, with only about one third of patients recovering to their initial physical status. Opportunistic screening of post-ICU patient recovery using clinically indicated imaging and AI-based segmentation tools enables precise quantification of patients' muscle status and can be employed to identify individuals who fail to recover and would benefit from secondary rehabilitation. Understanding the dynamics of muscle atrophy may improve prognosis and support personalized patient care.
Asunto(s)
Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Pancreatitis , Músculos Psoas , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Longitudinales , Pancreatitis/fisiopatología , Músculos Psoas/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Adulto , Recuperación de la Función/fisiología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedad Crítica , Enfermedad AgudaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Low back pain is one of the most common presentations in general practice. Although there is excellent evidence regarding best management of the condition, in primary care there is often overuse of less effective and expensive options, whereas effective, inexpensive options are underused. After broad consultation and evidence review, the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care has developed a clinical care standard in response to this identified gap between best and actual practice. A clinical care standard focuses only on key areas of care where the need for quality improvement is greatest. OBJECTIVE: We explore the new standard using a typical patient scenario in primary care to highlight evidence-based approaches for challenging aspects of management, such as imaging and pain management. DISCUSSION: General practitioners (GPs) might find the practical GP 'quick guide' resource from the standard useful to support their care of patients with low back pain.
Asunto(s)
Dolor de la Región Lumbar , Humanos , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/terapia , Australia , Médicos Generales/normas , Atención Primaria de Salud/normas , Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Manejo del Dolor/normas , Enfermedad AgudaAsunto(s)
Infecciones por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus B19 Humano , Humanos , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Parvovirus B19 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Niño , Persona de Mediana Edad , Preescolar , Enfermedad Aguda/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Disección Aórtica , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica , Seno Aórtico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Disección Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Disección Aórtica/complicaciones , Seno Aórtico/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/etiología , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Masculino , Aneurisma de la Aorta/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma de la Aorta/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad AgudaRESUMEN
Neurological manifestations are frequent in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be correlated with different pathogenic mechanisms which can be divided into two categories: direct invasion of the central nervous system by the virus and indirect effects deriving from the severity of the systemic infection and by the inflammatory response correlated with cytokine storm. Among the neurological manifestations, acute encephalopathy is very frequent and its nomenclature has recently been updated. The occurrence of a condition of altered mental status, reduced consciousness, delirium up to coma represents an element associated with a greater severity of the infection and mortality both in an Intensive Care Unit setting and in an Emergency Department setting. The tissue damage mechanisms found in COVID-19 patients' encephalopathy and neuroimaging patterns, as well as histopathology, are similar to those described in sepsis-associated encephalopathy, further confirming the role of indirect mechanisms, with no CNS invasion by the virus. The available data have some limitations, notably the underuse of diagnostic neuroimaging techniques in severely affected patients, particularly in the first wave of the pandemic.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Neuroimagen , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagen , Neuroimagen/métodos , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidad , Encefalopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Encefalopatías/virología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/virología , Enfermedad AgudaAsunto(s)
Proteína C-Reactiva , Atención Primaria de Salud , Ultrasonografía , Humanos , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Enfermedad Aguda , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Diverticulitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Diverticulitis/diagnóstico , Diverticulitis del Colon/diagnóstico por imagen , Diverticulitis del Colon/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Human-based modelling and simulation offer an ideal testbed for novel medical therapies to guide experimental and clinical studies. Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of heart failure and mortality, for which novel therapies are urgently needed. Although cell therapy offers promise, electrophysiological heterogeneity raises pro-arrhythmic safety concerns, where underlying complex spatio-temporal dynamics cannot be investigated experimentally. Here, after demonstrating credibility of the modelling and simulation framework, we investigate cell therapy in acute versus chronic MI and the role of cell heterogeneity, scar size and the Purkinje system. Simulations agreed with experimental and clinical recordings from ionic to ECG dynamics in acute and chronic infarction. Following cell delivery, spontaneous beats were facilitated by heterogeneity in cell populations, chronic MI due to tissue depolarisation and slow sinus rhythm. Subsequent re-entrant arrhythmias occurred, in some instances with Purkinje involvement and their susceptibility was enhanced by impaired Purkinje-myocardium coupling, large scars and acute infarction. We conclude that homogeneity in injected ventricular-like cell populations minimises their spontaneous beating, which is enhanced by chronic MI, whereas a healthy Purkinje-myocardium coupling is key to prevent subsequent re-entrant arrhythmias, particularly for large scars.
Asunto(s)
Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos , Simulación por Computador , Infarto del Miocardio , Humanos , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos/métodos , Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatología , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Enfermedad Crónica , Masculino , Ramos Subendocárdicos/fisiopatología , Electrocardiografía , Enfermedad Aguda , Femenino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In patients with heart failure (HF), multiple electrolyte disorders are common, and recent studies have shown that chloride disorders play a significant role in the prognosis of HF. Data about the prevalence and prognostic role of hypochloremia in patients with acute HF (AHF) are scarce in African nations, including Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, and prognostic role of hypochloremia in patients with AHF in Ethiopia. METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective analysis of AHF patients, aged ≥15 years, with chloride determination upon admission to the medical wards and medical ICU of Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from July 1, 2022, to July 1, 2023. Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 26, was used to enter and analyze the data. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize clinical profiles, laboratory data, and outcomes of AHF patients stratified by the presence and absence of hypochloremia. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with hypochloremia and to assess the association of hypochloremia and other factors with in-hospital mortality in patients with AHF. A two-tailed P value <0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 267 AHF patients who had chloride determination on admission were included in this study; the mean age was 56.7 years (standard deviation: 18.6), and the gender-based distribution of the patients was nearly equal. The prevalence of hypochloremia was 36.7%. Diastolic blood pressure <60 mm Hg [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.63, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04, 12.72] and hyponatremia (AOR = 29.20, 95% CI, 13.21, 64.56) were significantly associated with hypochloremia. The in-hospital mortality rate was higher in AHF patients with hypochloremia (16.3%) compared to those without hypochloremia (4.7%). The odds of in-hospital mortality among AHF patients with hypochloremia were 2.8 times higher compared to patients without hypochloremia (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.08, 7.04) after adjusting for ICU admission, systolic blood pressure < 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure < 60 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a high prevalence of hypochloremia among patients with AHF. Low diastolic blood pressure and hyponatremia were significantly associated with the development of hypochloremia. Most importantly, AHF patients with hypochloremia had a higher in-hospital mortality rate compared to those without hypochloremia. Hence, hypochloremia on admission should be considered a potential prognostic factor in patients with AHF, and further research with a larger sample size is needed to support the findings of this study.
Asunto(s)
Cloruros , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Humanos , Etiopía/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/sangre , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/mortalidad , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Pronóstico , Anciano , Cloruros/sangre , Adulto , Enfermedad AgudaRESUMEN
Toxoplasmosis is a globally significant disease that poses a severe threat to immunocompromised individuals, especially in Brazil, where a high prevalence of virulent and atypical strains of Toxoplasma gondii is observed. In 1998, the EGS strain, exhibiting a unique infection phenotype, was isolated in Brazil, adding to the complexity of strain diversity. The P2X7 receptor is critical in inflammation and controlling intracellular microorganisms such as T. gondii. However, its genetic variability can result in receptor dysfunction, potentially worsening susceptibility. This study investigates the role of the P2X7 receptor during acute infection induced by the EGS atypical strain, offering insight into the mechanisms of T. gondii infection in this context. We infected the female C57BL/6 (WT) or P2X7 knockout (P2X7-/-) by gavage. The EGS infection causes intestinal inflammation. The P2X7-/- mice presented higher parasite load in the intestine, spleen, and liver. The absence of the P2X7 receptor disrupts inflammatory cell balance by reducing NLRP3, IL-1ß, and Foxp3 expression while increasing IFN-γ expression and production in the intestine. In the liver, P2X7-/- animals demonstrate diminished inflammatory infiltrate within the portal and lobular regions concurrent with an enlargement of the spleen. In conclusion, the infection of mice with the EGS strain elicited immune alterations, leading to acute inflammation and cytokine dysregulation, while the P2X7 receptor conferred protection against parasitic proliferation across multiple organs.