RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Small-bowel capsule endoscopy is a tool used to visualize the small bowel to identify the location of bleeds in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). Capsule endoscopy is currently funded in Ontario in cases where there has been a failure to identify a source of bleeding via conventional diagnostic procedures. In Ontario, capsule endoscopy is a diagnostic option for patients whose findings on esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, and push enteroscopy have been negative (i.e., the source of bleeding was not found). OBJECTIVES: This economic analysis aims to estimate the budget impact of different rates of capsule endoscopy use as a complement to push enteroscopy procedures in patients aged 18 years and older. DATA SOURCES: Population-based administrative databases for Ontario were used to identify patients receiving push enteroscopy and small-bowel capsule endoscopy in the fiscal years 2008 to 2012. REVIEW METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed to identify economic evaluations of capsule endoscopy for the investigation of OGIB. Studies were assessed for their methodological quality and their applicability to the Ontarian setting. An original budget impact analysis was performed using data from Ontarian administrative sources and published literature. The budget impact was estimated for different levels of use of capsule endoscopy as a complement to push enteroscopy due to the uncertain clinical utility of the capsule based on current clinical evidence. The analysis was conducted from the provincial public payer perspective. RESULTS: With varying rates of capsule endoscopy use, the budgetary impact spans from savings of $510,000, when no (0%) push enteroscopy procedures are complemented with capsule endoscopy, to $2,036,000, when all (100%) push enteroscopy procedures are complemented with capsule endoscopy. A scenario where 50% of push enteroscopy procedures are complemented with capsule endoscopy (expected use based on expert opinion) would result in additional expenditure of about $763,000. LIMITATIONS: In the literature on OGIB, estimates of rebleeding rates after endoscopic procedures or spontaneous cessation rates are unreliable, with a lack of data. Rough estimates from expert consultation can provide an indication of expected additional use of capsule endoscopy; however, a wide range of capsule uses was explored. CONCLUSIONS: The budgetary impact in the first year in Ontario of capsule endoscopy use to complement push enteroscopy procedures ranges from $510,000 in savings to an additional expenditure of $2,036,000 (at 0% and 100% push enteroscopy procedures complemented, respectively). The expected scenario of 50% of push enteroscopy procedures likely to benefit from the use of capsule endoscopy, based on expert opinion, would result in additional expenditures of $763,000 in the first year.
Asunto(s)
Endoscopía Capsular/economía , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal/economía , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Costos de la Atención en Salud , Intestino Delgado , Adolescente , Adulto , Endoscopios en Cápsulas/economía , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/economía , Humanos , OntarioRESUMEN
Las guías clínicas indican el estudio con cápsula endoscópica (CE) en pacientes con anemia ferropénica (AF) tras exploraciones endoscópicas convencionales normales, pero se precisan estudios que demuestren su rentabilidad, impacto clínico y coste en algunos subgrupos de pacientes. OBJETIVOS: 1. Determinar la rentabilidad diagnóstica de la CE en mujeres premenopáusicas con AF comparada con varones y mujeres posmenopáusicas. 2. Identificar la presencia de factores predictivos de patología en mujeres premenopáusicas. 3. Realizar una aproximación al gasto en esta indicación en relación con el impacto. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo de 408 pacientes a los que se ha realizado CE. Se incluyeron pacientes con AF (mujeres en edad premenopáusica, posmenopáusica o varones), gastroscopia y colonoscopia previas. RESULTADOS: Incluimos 249 pacientes, 131 mujeres (52,6%), 51 premenopáusicas y 80 posmenopáusicas y 118 hombres, mediana de edad 60,7 ± 16 años. La rentabilidad global de la CE para el diagnóstico de AF fue 44,6% (IC 95% 39,9-50,8). Rentabilidad en varones vs. mujeres 50,8 vs. 38,9% (p = 0,05) y en mujeres posmenopáusicas vs. premenopáusicas 55 vs. 13,7% (p < 0,001). No se detectó ningún factor predictivo de patología en premenopáusicas. La lesión más frecuente en posmenopáusicas fueron angiodisplasias (70,5%) y en premenopáusicas lesiones erosivas (57,1%). El gasto aproximado en premenopáusicas supuso una inversión de 44.727 Euros El 86,3% no tuvo impacto clínico. CONCLUSIONES: La rentabilidad diagnóstica de la CE es baja en el estudio etiológico de AF en mujeres en edad fértil y poco costo-efectiva en relación con el impacto clínico. No detectamos factores predictivos de patología en ID en este subgrupo
Clinical practice guidelines recommend video capsule endoscopy (VCE) studies in patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) after conventional upper and lower endoscopies but there is a need for studies demonstrating the diagnostic yield, clinical impact, and cost in some patient subgroups. OBJECTIVES: 1.To determine the diagnostic yield of VCE in premenopausal women with IDA compared with that in men and postmenopausal women. 2. To identify the presence of VCE predictors in premenopausal women. 3. To estimate the cost-clinical impact relationship associated with VCE in this indication. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed 408 patients who underwent VCE. Patients with IDA were enrolled (premenopausal, postmenopausal women, and men), with previous normal work-up by conventional endoscopies. RESULTS: A total of 249 patients were enrolled: 131 women (52.6%), of which 51 were premenopausal and 80 were post-menopausal, and 118 men. The mean age was 60.7 ± 16 years. The diagnostic yield of VCE for the diagnosis of IDA was 44.6% (95% CI 39.9 - 50.8). Diagnostic yield was 50.8% vs 38.9% in men vs women (p = 0.05) and was 55% vs 13.7% in postmenopausal vs premenopausal women (p < 0.001). No predictors of small bowel lesions were found in premenopausal women. The most common findings in the postmenopausal group were angioectasias (70.5%) and erosions (57.1%) in the premenopausal group. The cost in premenopausal women was 44.727 Euros and 86.3% of the procedures had no clinical impact. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic yield of VCE is low in the etiological study of IDA in premenopausal women and there is no cost-effectiveness in relation to clinical impact. No predictors of small bowel lesions were found in this group
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Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Anemia Ferropénica/diagnóstico , Anemia Ferropénica/etiología , Endoscopios en Cápsulas/economía , Intestino Delgado/patología , Enteroscopía de Doble Balón , Angiodisplasia/diagnóstico , Premenopausia , Posmenopausia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Enfermedad de Crohn/diagnóstico , Análisis Costo-BeneficioRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is firmly established as a standard procedure in the diagnostic algorithm of occult or obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and Crohn's disease. Despite its excellent diagnostic yield, missing expertise, reading time and financial expenditure limit an area-wide availability. A multicentric cooperation might compensate these disadvantages. METHODS: CE device was bought by a central hospital (CH). Requested equipment is transported to the network partner (NP) and the procedure performed at the spot in personal responsibility. Video reading is exclusively done in the CH. RESULTS: Within 10 years, 822 CE (438 m., 384 f.; 63 ± 17 (13-92) years) were performed by 18 cooperating gastroenterological departments. 587/822 (71%) CE were done at NP, 235/822 (29%) in the CH. Between 2002 (n = 39) and 2011 (n = 123) the annual number of CE increased threefold. 95% of the capital investment in each cooperating hospital could be avoided by sharing one workstation within the network. Leading indication for CE was suspected mid-GI-bleeding (80%). Mean latencies between requested date and actual examination were 0 and between equipment's return and report 2 days. 45/191(24%) flexible enteroscopies performed in the CH followed CE findings from NP. DISCUSSION: Our 10 years experience show that mobile use of CE is feasible providing quality parameters similar to a single center solution, increases the number of CE investigations, therefore, improves reading expertise and enables both an area-wide and economic offer for this technique. Additionally, patients with the need for invasive enteroscopy are identified and attracted to that NP who provides an invasive SB endocopy device.
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Endoscopios en Cápsulas/estadística & datos numéricos , Endoscopía Capsular/tendencias , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/diagnóstico , Relaciones Interinstitucionales , Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Angiodisplasia/complicaciones , Angiodisplasia/diagnóstico , Endoscopios en Cápsulas/economía , Endoscopía Capsular/economía , Conducta Cooperativa , Ahorro de Costo/economía , Ahorro de Costo/métodos , Enfermedad de Crohn/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Duodenales/diagnóstico , Femenino , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/complicaciones , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Tránsito Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Neoplasias del Íleon/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Yeyuno/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Úlcera Péptica Hemorrágica/diagnóstico , Grabación en Video , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Capsule endoscopy is the latest evolution in gastrointestinal endoscopy and the first to enable complete investigation of the small bowel. Recent new developments in the field of capsule endoscopy include the esophageal capsule (Pilcam ESO) and the colonic capsule (PillCam Colon). esophageal and colonic capsules have two heads with two lenses and cameras. The new capsules have the capability of taking more frames from both sides. The indications for the esophageal capsule examination are diagnosis and follow-up of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal varices. The colonic capsule can be used for colorectal cancer screening and for incomplete colonoscopy. Regarding other new technologies, continuous quality control is needed for the performance, appropriateness of the indications, diagnostic yield, procedure-specific outcome assessment, and cost-effectiveness.