RESUMEN
AIMS: Evaluate the in vitro efficacy of the essential oils derived from Aloysia citrodora (Verbenaceae), Cymbopogon winterianus (Poaceae), and Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) against Acanthamoeba polyphaga trophozoites. Additionally, microemulsions formulated with these essential oils, along with their major components, were analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS: The prepared microemulsions were characterized using polarized light microscopy and rheological techniques. The amoebicidal activity was determined by measuring the inhibitory concentration (IC50). Flow cytometry was employed to detect membrane damage and alterations in trophozoites size. The results revealed transparent and thermodynamically stable microemulsions. The essential oil from O. gratissimum exhibited a lower IC50, with values of 280.66 and 47.28 µg ml-1 after 24 and 48 h, respectively. When microemulsions containing essential oils were tested, the IC50 values exhibited a reduction of over 80% after 24 h. Particularly, eugenol, a constituent of the O. gratissimum essential oil, displayed higher amoebicidal activity. The essential oils also caused damage to the cell membrane, resulting in the subsequent death of the trophozoites. CONCLUSIONS: The EOs of A. citrodora, C. winterianus, and O. gratissimum and their microemulsions showed antiparasitic effect against A. polyphaga trophozoites, representing promising alternatives for the treatment of diseases caused by this protozoan.
Asunto(s)
Acanthamoeba , Cymbopogon , Emulsiones , Ocimum , Aceites Volátiles , Trofozoítos , Verbenaceae , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Cymbopogon/química , Ocimum/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Trofozoítos/efectos de los fármacos , Acanthamoeba/efectos de los fármacos , Verbenaceae/química , Amebicidas/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Microbial resistance to drugs continues to be a global public health issue that demands substantial investment in research and development of new antimicrobial agents. Essential oils (EO) have demonstrated satisfactory and safe antimicrobial action, being used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food formulations. In order to improve solubility, availability, and biological action, EO have been converted into nanoemulsions (NE). This review identified scientific evidence corroborating the antimicrobial action of nanoemulsions of essential oils (NEEO) against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Using integrative review methodology, eleven scientific articles evaluating the antibacterial or antifungal assessment of NEEO were selected. The synthesis of evidence indicates that NEEO are effective in combating multidrug-resistant microorganisms and in the formation of their biofilms. Factors such as NE droplet size, chemical composition of essential oils, and the association of NE with antibiotics are discussed. Furthermore, NEEO showed satisfactory results in vitro and in vivo evaluations against resistant clinical isolates, making them promising for the development of new antimicrobial and antivirulence drugs.
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Bacterias , Biopelículas , Emulsiones , Aceites Volátiles , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Emulsiones/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Humanos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/efectos de los fármacos , Hongos/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas/química , AnimalesRESUMEN
Candidemia leaves a trail of approximately 750,000 cases yearly, with a morbidity rate of up to 30%. While Candida albicans still ranks as the most predominantly isolated Candida species, C. glabrata comes in second, with a death rate of 40-50%. Although infections by Candida spp are commonly treated with azoles, the side effects and rise in resistance against it has significantly limited its clinical usage. The current study aims to address the insolubility of piperine and provide an alternative treatment to Candida infection by formulating a stable piperine-loaded O/W nanoemulsion, comprised of Cremophor RH40, Transcutol HP and Capryol 90 as surfactant, co-surfactant, and oil, respectively. Characterization with zetasizer showed the droplet size, polydispersity (PDI) and zetapotential value of the nanoemulsion to be 24.37 nm, 0.453 and -21.10 mV, respectively, with no observable physical changes such as phase separation from thermostability tests. FTIR peaks confirms presence of piperine within the nanoemulsion and TEM imaging visualized the droplet shape and further confirms the droplet size range of 20-24 nm. The MIC90 value of the piperine-loaded nanoemulsion determined with in vitro broth microdilution assay was approximately 20-50% lower than that of the pure piperine in DMSO, at a range of 0.8-2.0 mg/mL across all Candida spp. tested. Overall, the study showed that piperine can be formulated into a stable nanoemulsion, which significantly enhances its antifungal activity compared to piperine in DMSO.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides , Antifúngicos , Benzodioxoles , Candida , Emulsiones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Piperidinas , Alcamidas Poliinsaturadas , Benzodioxoles/farmacología , Benzodioxoles/química , Alcamidas Poliinsaturadas/farmacología , Alcamidas Poliinsaturadas/química , Alcaloides/farmacología , Alcaloides/química , Piperidinas/farmacología , Piperidinas/química , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Tensoactivos/farmacología , Tensoactivos/químicaRESUMEN
Soft tissue injuries often involve muscle and peripheral nerves and are qualitatively distinct from single-tissue injuries. Prior research suggests that damaged innervation compromises wound healing. To test this in a traumatic injury context, we developed a novel mouse model of nerve and lower limb polytrauma, which features greater pain hypersensitivity and more sustained macrophage infiltration than either injury in isolation. We also show that macrophages are crucial mediators of pain hypersensitivity in this model by delivering macrophage-targeted nanoemulsions laden with the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib. This treatment was more effective in males than females, and more effective when delivered 3 days post-injury than 7 days post-injury. The COX-2 inhibiting nanoemulsion drove widespread anti-inflammatory changes in cytokine expression in polytrauma-affected peripheral nerves. Our data shed new light on the modulation of inflammation by injured nerve input and demonstrate macrophage-targeted nanoimmunomodulation can produce rapid and sustained pain relief following complex injuries.
Asunto(s)
Celecoxib , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2 , Ciclooxigenasa 2 , Macrófagos , Animales , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Femenino , Celecoxib/farmacología , Celecoxib/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/farmacología , Ratones , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Traumatismo Múltiple/complicaciones , Emulsiones/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Citocinas/metabolismo , Inmunomodulación/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Dermatophytosis is a critical sort of skin infection caused by dermatophytes. The long-term treatment of such skin infections may be improved through the application of nanotechnology. This study aimed to prepare griseofulvin zinc Nanohybrid emulsion (GF-Zn-NHE) to improve griseofulvin activity against dermatophytes and some opportunistic pathogenic yeasts and bacteria. The GF-Zn-NHE is prepared by ultra-homogenization ultra-sonication strategies and validated by UV-visible spectroscopy analysis that confirms presences of griseofulvin and Zn-NPs peaks at 265 and 360 nm, respectively. The GF-Zn-NHE has mean distribution size 50 nm and zeta potential in the range from -40 to -36 mV with no significant changes in size distribution and particle size within 120 day ageing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum confirmed the presence of griseofulvin and Zn-NPs stretching vibration peaks. Gamma ray has a negative influence on GF-Zn-NE production and stability. GF-Zn-NHE drug release 95% up to 24 h and 98% up to 72 h of GF was observed and Zinc 90% up to 24 h and 95% up to 72 h, respectively. High antimicrobial activity was observed with GF-Zn-NHE against dermatophytic pathogens in compare with GF, GF-NE, zinc nitrate and ketoconazole with inhibition zone ranged from 14 to 36 mm. The results have shown that the MIC value for Cryptococcus neoformans, Prophyromonas gingivalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 0.125 mg ml -1 and for Trichophyton rubrum, L. bulgaricus and Escherichia coli value is 0.25 mg ml -1 and for Candida albicans, Malassezia furfur and Enterococcus faecalis is 0.5 mg ml -1 and finally 1 mg ml -1 for Streptococcus mutans. TEM of treated Cryptococcus neoformans cells with GF-Zn-NHE displayed essentially modified morphology, degradation, damage of organelles, vacuoles and other structures.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos , Arthrodermataceae , Emulsiones , Griseofulvina , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Zinc , Griseofulvina/farmacología , Griseofulvina/química , Zinc/farmacología , Zinc/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Emulsiones/química , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/química , Humanos , Arthrodermataceae/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de la Partícula , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tiña/microbiología , Tiña/tratamiento farmacológico , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Nanopartículas del Metal/químicaRESUMEN
Acetamiprid (ACDP) is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide that is popular for its efficacy in controlling fleas in domestic settings and for pets. Our study aims to offer a comprehensive examination of the toxicological impacts of ACDP and the prophylactic effects of cinnamon nanoemulsions (CMNEs) on the pathological, immunohistochemical, and hematological analyses induced by taking ACDP twice a week for 28 days. Forty healthy rats were divided into four groups (n = 10) at random; the first group served as control rats; the second received CMNEs (2 mg/Kg body weight); the third group received acetamiprid (ACDP group; 21.7 mg/Kg body weight), and the fourth group was given both ACDP and CMNEs by oral gavage. Following the study period, tissue and blood samples were extracted and prepared for analysis. According to a GC-MS analysis, CMNEs had several bioactive ingredients that protected the liver from oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Our findings demonstrated that whereas ACDP treatment considerably boosted white blood cells (WBCs) and lymphocytes, it significantly lowered body weight gain (BWG), red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and platelets (PLT). ACDP notably reduced antioxidant enzyme activities: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) and elevated hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels compared with other groups. ACDP remarkably raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels.Moreover, the histopathological and immunohistochemistry assays discovered a severe toxic effect on the liver and kidney following ACDP delivery. Furthermore, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) + immunoexpression was enhanced after treatment with CMNEs. All of the parameters above were returned to nearly normal levels by the coadministration of CMNEs. The molecular docking of cinnamaldehyde with COX-2 also confirmed the protective potential of CMNEs against ACDP toxicity. Our findings highlighted that the coadministration of CMNEs along with ACDP diminished its toxicity by cutting down oxidative stress and enhancing antioxidant capacity, demonstrating the effectiveness of CMNEs in lessening ACDP toxicity.
Asunto(s)
Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Emulsiones , Insecticidas , Hígado , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Neonicotinoides , Animales , Neonicotinoides/farmacología , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/química , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Ratas , Emulsiones/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Masculino , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/patología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/prevención & control , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Renales/prevención & control , Enfermedades Renales/patología , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
Purpose: Incorporation of luvangetin in nanoemulsions for antimicrobial and therapeutic use in infected wound healing. Patients and Methods: Luvangetin nanoemulsions were prepared by high-speed shear method and characterized based on their appearance structure, average droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), electric potential, storage stability. Optimized formulation of luvangetin nanoemulsion by Box-Behnken design (BBD). The antimicrobial activity and antimicrobial mechanism of luvangetin nanoemulsions against common hospital pathogens, ie, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), were investigated using luvangetin nanoemulsions. The biosafety of luvangetin nanoemulsion was evaluated through cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay experiments using human normal epidermal cells and endothelial cells. Finally, the effect of luvangetin nanoemulsion on healing of infected wounds was investigated in B6 mice. Results: Luvangetin nanoemulsion formulation consists of 2.5% sunflower seed oil, 10% emulsifier Span-20 and 7 minutes of shear time, and with good stability. Luvangetin nanoemulsion produces antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli by disrupting the structure of bacterial cell membranes. Luvangetin nanoemulsion are biologically safe for HaCat and HUVEC. Luvangetin nanoemulsion showed good therapeutic effect on MRSA infected wounds in mice. Conclusion: For the first time, developed a new formulation called luvangetin nanoemulsion, which exhibited superior antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria. Luvangetin nanoemulsion has a favorable effect in promoting infected wound healing. We have combined luvangetin, which has multiple activities, with nanoemulsions to provide a new topical fungicidal formulation, and have comprehensively evaluated its effectiveness and safety, opening up new possibilities for further applications of luvangetin.
Asunto(s)
Emulsiones , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Cicatrización de Heridas , Animales , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Emulsiones/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Infección de Heridas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección de Heridas/microbiología , Nanopartículas/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Línea Celular , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to prepare Pickering emulsion with synergistic antibacterial effect using whey protein isolated-citral (WPI-Cit) nanoparticles with eugenol for grape preservation. In this emulsion, eugenol was encapsulated in oil phase. The particle size, ζ-potential, and antibacterial mechanism of the nanoparticles were characterized. The rheological properties, antibacterial effects and preservation effects of WPI-Cit Pickering emulsion were measured. The results showed that the optimal preparation condition was performed at WPI/Cit mass ratio of 1:1, WPI-Cit nanoparticles were found to damage the cell wall and membrane of bacteria and showed more effective inhibition against S. aureus. Pickering emulsion prepared with WPI-Cit nanoparticles exhibited a better antibacterial effect after eugenol was encapsulated in it, which extended the shelf life of grapes when the Pickering emulsion was applied as a coating. It demonstrated that the Pickering emulsion prepared in this study provides a new way to extend the shelf life.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Emulsiones , Eugenol , Conservación de Alimentos , Nanopartículas , Staphylococcus aureus , Vitis , Proteína de Suero de Leche , Vitis/química , Proteína de Suero de Leche/química , Proteína de Suero de Leche/farmacología , Emulsiones/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Eugenol/química , Eugenol/farmacología , Nanopartículas/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de la PartículaRESUMEN
Essential oils, well-known for their antifungal properties, are widely utilized to combat fruit decay. However, their application faces big challenges due to their high volatility and hydrophobic traits, which leads to strong odor, short effective time and poor dispersivity. This study aimed to address these challenges by formulating microemulsions consisting of essential oils and rhamnolipids. The optimized microemulsion, featuring a small particle size of 6.8 nm, exhibited higher stability and lower volatility than conventional emulsion. Notably, the prepared microemulsions demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, S. cerevisiae, and A. niger. The application of these microemulsions proved to be highly effective in preventing blueberry decay while preserving fruit's quality, particularly by minimizing the loss of essential nutrients such as anthocyanins. Consequently, essential oil microemulsions emerge as a highly effective postharvest preservative for fruits, offering a promising solution to extend their shelf life and enhance overall quality.
Asunto(s)
Emulsiones , Conservación de Alimentos , Frutas , Glucolípidos , Aceites Volátiles , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Frutas/química , Emulsiones/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Glucolípidos/química , Glucolípidos/farmacología , Arándanos Azules (Planta)/química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/crecimiento & desarrollo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/química , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Conservantes de Alimentos/farmacología , Conservantes de Alimentos/química , Tamaño de la PartículaRESUMEN
The high volatility and hydrophobicity of cinnamon essential oils (CiEO) limited their practical application. To enhance their stability and antibacterial activity, nanoemulsions encapsulating CiEO were prepared using hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin/lauroyl arginate (HPCD/LAE) inclusion complexes through high-pressure microfluidization (HPM). Effects of HPM parameters on the stability and antibacterial properties of nanoemulsion were investigated. Results revealed that increased processing pressure and cycle numbers were associated with reduced droplet size and greater homogeneity in CiEO distribution. Storage and thermal stability were optimized at 100 MPa and seven cycles. Moreover, the nanoemulsions showed strong synergistic antibacterial against E. coli (19.79 mm) and S. aureus (23.61 mm) compared with LAE (11.52 mm and 12.82 mm, respectively) and CiEO alone (13.26 mm and 17.68 mm, respectively). This study provided new information for constructing CiEO nanoemulsion, which is suitable for use in the food industry.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Emulsiones , Escherichia coli , Aceites Volátiles , Staphylococcus aureus , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Emulsiones/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tamaño de la PartículaRESUMEN
The study prepared and used eugenol nanoemulsion loaded with nobiletin as fungistat to study its antifungal activity and potential mechanism of Penicillium italicum (P. italicum). The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eugenol nanoemulsion loaded with nobiletin (EGN) was lower than that of pure eugenol nanoemulsion (EG), which were 160 µg/mL and 320 µg/mL, respectively. At the same time, the mycelial growth inhibition rate of EGN nanoemulsion (54.68 %) was also higher than that of EG nanoemulsion (9.92 %). This indicates that EGN nanoemulsion is more effective than EG nanoemulsion. Compared with EG nanoemulsion, the treatment of EGN nanoemulsion caused more serious damage to the cell structure of P. italicum. At the same time, in vitro inoculation experiments found that EGN nanoemulsion has better control and delay the growth and reproduction of P. italicum in citrus fruits. And the results reflected that EGN nanoemulsion may be considered as potential resouces of natural antiseptic to inhibit blue mold disease of citrus fruits, because it has good antifungal activity.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos , Citrus , Emulsiones , Eugenol , Flavonas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Penicillium , Penicillium/efectos de los fármacos , Penicillium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Eugenol/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Emulsiones/farmacología , Flavonas/farmacología , Nanopartículas/químicaRESUMEN
This research aimed to assess the potential of active food packaging as an innovative approach to enhance the quality of fresh food products. Specifically, our focus was on developing chitosan edible films combined with rosemary nanoemulsion (Ch-RNE) and carvacrol nano-emulsion (Ch-CNE) as effective antibacterial food packaging solutions. The efficacy of these films against artificially inoculated L. monocytogenes (NCTC 13372\ ATCC® 7644) as a Gram-positive bacterium, and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) as a Gram-negative bacterium, in ground meat was investigated. The size of the prepared nano-emulsions was characterized using zeta sizer, FTIR and HRTEM. The MIC of both nano-emulsions against both pathogens was found to be 0.78 % and 1.56 %. Filmogenic mixtures were casted using these concentrations, which were then dried and evaluated for their physical and mechanical properties.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Quitosano , Cimenos , Películas Comestibles , Emulsiones , Embalaje de Alimentos , Listeria monocytogenes , Monoterpenos , Salmonella typhimurium , Cimenos/farmacología , Quitosano/farmacología , Quitosano/química , Listeria monocytogenes/efectos de los fármacos , Listeria monocytogenes/crecimiento & desarrollo , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Emulsiones/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Rosmarinus/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Microbiología de Alimentos , Productos de la Carne/microbiología , Conservación de Alimentos/métodosRESUMEN
This research aimed to develop, optimize, and evaluate a new antifungal nanoemulsion system based on the crude reuterin-synergistic essential oils (EOs) hybrid to overcome the EOs application limits. At first, the antifungal effects of the Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri cell-free extracts (CFE) were tested against the Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and Alternaria alternata as indicator fungus using broth microdilution method. The L. reuteri CFE with the MIC of 125 µL/mL for B. cinerea and 250 µL/mL for P. expansum and A. alternata showed more inhibitory effects than L. plantarum. Next, reuterin as a significant antibacterial compound in the L. reuteri CFE was induced in glycerol-containing culture media. To reach a nanoemulsion with maximum antifungal activity and stability, the reuterin concentration, Tween 80 %, and ultrasound time were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with a volumetric constant ratio of 5 % v/v oil phase including triple synergistic EOs (thyme, cinnamon, and rosemary) at MIC concentrations. Based on the Box-Behnken Design, the maximum antifungal effect was observed in the treatment with 40 mM reuterin, 1 % Tween 80, and 3 min of ultrasound. The growth inhibitory diameter zones of B. cinerea, P. expansum, and A. alternata were estimated 6.15, 4.25, and 4.35 cm in optimum nanoemulsion, respectively. Also, the minimum average particle size diameter (16.3 nm) was observed in nanoemulsion with reuterin 40 mM, Tween 80 5 %, and 3 min of ultrasound treatment. Zeta potential was relatively high within -30 mV range in all designed nanoemulsions which indicates the nanoemulsion's stability. Also, the prepared nanoemulsions, despite initial particle size showed good stability in a 90-d storage period at 25 °C. In vivo assay, showed a significant improvement in the protection of apple fruit treated with reuterin-EOs nanoemulsions against fungal spoilage compared to free reuterin nanoemulsion. Treatment of apples with nanoemulsion containing 40 mM reuterin showed a maximum inhibitory effect on B. cinerea (5.1 mm lesion diameter compared to 29.2 mm for control fruit) within 7 d at 25 °C. In summary, the present study demonstrated that reuterin-synergistic EOs hybrid with boosted antifungal activities can be considered as a biopreservative for food applications.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos , Emulsiones , Gliceraldehído , Aceites Volátiles , Propano , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Propano/farmacología , Propano/química , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/química , Gliceraldehído/farmacología , Gliceraldehído/análogos & derivados , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Limosilactobacillus reuteri/efectos de los fármacos , Penicillium/efectos de los fármacos , Penicillium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Botrytis/efectos de los fármacos , Botrytis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Alternaria/efectos de los fármacos , Alternaria/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the potential of cinnamon oil nanoemulsion (CONE) as an antibacterial agent against clinical strains of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and its anticancer activity. The prepared and characterized CONE was found to have a spherical shape with an average size of 70.6 ± 28.3 nm under TEM and a PDI value of 0.076 and zeta potential value of 6.9 mV using DLS analysis. The antibacterial activity of CONE against Klebsiella pneumoniae strains was investigated, and it was found to have higher inhibitory activity (18.3 ± 1.2-30.3 ± 0.8 mm) against the tested bacteria compared to bulk cinnamon oil (14.6 ± 0.88-20.6 ± 1.2) with MIC values ranging from 0.077 to 0.31 % v/v which equivalent to 0.2-0.82 ng/ml of CONE. CONE inhibited the growth of bacteria in a dose and time-dependent manner based on the time-kill assay in which Klebsiella pneumoniae B-9 was used as a model among the bacterial strains under investigation. The study also investigated the expression of the mcr-1 gene in the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and found that all strains were positive for the gene expression and subsequently its presence. The level of mcr-1 gene expression among the B-2, B-4, B-9, and B-11 control strains and that treated with colistin was similar, but it was different in both B-5 and B-2. However, all strains exhibited a significant downregulation in gene expression (ranging from 3.97 to 8.7-fold) after their treatment with CONE. Additionally, the CONE-treated bacterial cells appeared with a great deformation compared with control cells under TEM. Finally, CONE exhibited selective toxicity against different cancer cell lines depending on comparison with the normal cell lines.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Colistina , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Colistina/farmacología , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Emulsiones/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Infecciones por Klebsiella/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Klebsiella/microbiología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Nanopartículas/químicaRESUMEN
In this study, based on the discovery of thymol/glycerol monolaurate (GML) eutectic solvent, we studied the effect of GML as a multi-functional component (ripening inhibitor and antibacterial agent) on the formation, stability and antibacterial activity of eutectic nanoemulsions, and investigated the preservation of nanoemulsion in fresh pork. These results indicated that the formation of eutectic solvent was due to the hydrogen bonding between thymol and GML in the molten state. And eutectic nanoemulsions prepared with medium GML concentrations (20%, 40%, and 60%) of eutectic solvents as oil phases had small droplet diameters (<150 nm), exhibited sustained-release characteristics, and had excellent physicochemical stability. Moreover, the addition of GML enhanced the antibacterial activity of thymol nanoemulsion against S. aureus. as seen by their ability to inhibit affect formation more effectively. Treatment of fresh pork with optimized eutectic nanoemulsions (40% thymol/60% GML) extended its shelf life during refrigeration, which was mainly attributed to the ability of the encapsulated essential oil to inhibit microbial growth and lipid oxidation. These results provide a novel strategy to control Ostwald ripening and maintain the high antibacterial activity of thymol in nanoemulsion-based delivery systems.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Emulsiones , Lauratos , Monoglicéridos , Staphylococcus aureus , Timol , Timol/química , Timol/farmacología , Emulsiones/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Lauratos/química , Lauratos/farmacología , Monoglicéridos/química , Monoglicéridos/farmacología , Porcinos , Animales , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Conservación de AlimentosRESUMEN
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has attracted much attention worldwide due to its prevalence. In this study, the effect of a solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) emulsion with Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, a polyphenolic active ingredient in propolis) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice was evaluated. The results showed that CAPE-emulsion could significantly alleviate DSS-induced colitis through its effects on colon length, reduction in the disease activity index (DAI), and colon histopathology. The results of ELISA and Western blot analysis showed that CAPE-emulsion can down-regulate the excessive inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue and inhibit the expression of p65 in the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, CAPE-emulsion promoted short-chain fatty acids production in DSS-induced colitis mice. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that CAPE-emulsion regulates the imbalance of gut microbiota by enhancing diversity, restoring the abundance of beneficial bacteria (such as Odoribacter), and suppressing the abundance of harmful bacteria (such as Afipia, Sphingomonas). The results of fecal metabolome showed that CAPE-emulsion restored the DSS-induced metabolic disorder by affecting metabolic pathways related to inflammation and cholesterol metabolism. These research results provide a scientific basis for the use of CPAE-emulsions for the development of functional foods for treating IBD.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Cafeicos , Colitis , Emulsiones , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacología , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis/metabolismo , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/metabolismo , Colon/microbiología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextran/efectos adversos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Emulsiones/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Heces/microbiología , Heces/química , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Metaboloma/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , FN-kappa B/efectos de los fármacos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Alcohol Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Alcohol Feniletílico/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Excessive blood loss and infections are the prominent risks accounting for mortality and disability associated with acute wounds. Consequently, wound dressings should encompass adequate adhesive, hemostatic, and bactericidal attributes, yet their development remains challenging. This investigation presented the benefits of incorporating a perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion (PPP NE) into a silk-fibroin (SF)-based hydrogel. By stimulating the ß-sheet conformation of the SF chains, PPP NEs drastically shortened the gelation time while augmenting the elasticity, mechanical stability, and viscosity of the hydrogel. Furthermore, the integration of PPP NEs improved hemostatic competence by boosting the affinity between cells and biomacromolecules. It also endowed the hydrogel with ultrasound-controlled bactericidal ability through the inducement of inner cavitation by perfluorocarbon and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the sonosensitizer protoporphyrin. Ultimately, we employed a laparotomy bleeding model and a Staphylococcus aureus-infected trauma wound to demonstrate the first-aid efficacy. Thus, our research suggested an emulsion-incorporating strategy for managing emergency wounds.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Emulsiones , Fibroínas , Fluorocarburos , Hidrogeles , Staphylococcus aureus , Fluorocarburos/química , Fluorocarburos/farmacología , Hidrogeles/química , Hidrogeles/farmacología , Animales , Emulsiones/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroínas/química , Fibroínas/farmacología , Ratones , Hemostáticos/química , Hemostáticos/farmacología , Nanopartículas/química , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Ondas Ultrasónicas , Masculino , Ratas , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a fiber substance produced by microbial fermentation. It is widely used in the food preservation industry because of its extremely pure texture, high crystallinity and high biocompatibility. In the present study, bacterial cellulose/thyme essential oil (BC/TEO-E) with antibacterial and fresh-keeping functions was prepared by ultrasonic treatment of modified bacterial cellulose for encapsulation of thyme essential oil, which effectively inhibited the spoilage of chilled chicken. RESULTS: The purified BC, produced by Acetobacter xylinum ATCC 53524, was ultrasonically treated wih different times (0, 30, 60 and 90 min). Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and zeta potential were used to characterize the structure of BC after ultrasound, showing that BC, treated for 30 min, had the optimal fiber structure, crystallinity (85.8%), thermal stability (347.77 °C) and solution stability (-26.63 ± 1.96 mV). BC/TEO-E was prepared by a homogenizer for the preservation of chilled chicken. Optical microscopy indicated that the BC/TEO-E prepared by 0.5% BC had optimal dispersion and stability, and even no delamination was observed in the emulsion. Compared with other groups (control, 0.5% BC and Tween-E), the total number of colonies and coliforms in chilled chicken treated with 0.5% BC/TEO-E was the lowest during the whole storage period (12 days), indicating that it can effectively inhibit bacterial growth. In addition, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, pH and drip loss results showed that 0.5% BC/TEO-E could effectively inhibit the spoilage of chilled chicken compared to the other treatment groups. CONCLUSION: All of the results acquired in the present study indicate that BC/TEO-E has a potential application in chilled chicken preservation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Asunto(s)
Celulosa , Pollos , Conservación de Alimentos , Almacenamiento de Alimentos , Aceites Volátiles , Thymus (Planta) , Animales , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Celulosa/química , Celulosa/farmacología , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Thymus (Planta)/química , Emulsiones/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Carne/análisis , Carne/microbiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Gluconacetobacter xylinus/química , Gluconacetobacter xylinus/metabolismoRESUMEN
Colloidal systems have been used to encapsulate, protect and release essential oils in mouthwashes. In this study, we investigated the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of oil-in-water colloidal systems containing tea tree oil (TTO) and the nonionic surfactant polysorbate 80. Our main aim was to evaluate whether CPC could improve the antimicrobial activity of TTO, since this activity is impaired when this essential oil is encapsulated with polysorbate 80. These systems were prepared with different amounts of TTO (0-0.5% w/w) and CPC (0-0.5% w/w), at a final concentration of 2% (w/w) polysorbate 80. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results revealed the formation of oil-swollen micelles and oil droplets as a function of TTO concentration. Increases in CPC concentrations led to a reduction of around 88% in the mean diameter of oil-swollen micelles. Although this variation was of only 20% for the oil droplets, the samples appearance changed from turbid to transparent. The surface charge of colloidal structures was also markedly affected by the CPC as demonstrated by the transition in zeta potential from slightly negative to highly positive values. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies showed that this transition is followed by significant increases in the fluidity of surfactant monolayer of both colloidal structures. The antimicrobial activity of colloidal systems was tested against a Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureaus) bacteria. Our results revealed that the inhibition of bacterial growth is observed for the same CPC concentration (0.05% w/w for E. coli and 0.3% w/w for S. aureus) regardless of TTO content. These findings suggest that TTO may not act as an active ingredient in polysorbate 80 containing mouthwashes.
Asunto(s)
Aceites Volátiles , Aceite de Árbol de Té , Emulsiones/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Polisorbatos/farmacología , Polisorbatos/química , Micelas , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Antisépticos Bucales/farmacología , Tensoactivos/farmacología , Tensoactivos/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Aceite de Árbol de Té/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Carvacrol is well-known natural antimicrobial compounds. However, its usage in fruit preservation is restricted owing to poor water solubility. Our study aims to address this limitation by combining carvacrol with whey protein isolate (WPI) to form nanoemulsion and enhancing antimicrobial properties and stability of nanoemulsion through ε-polylysine addition, thereby improving their application in fruit preservation. The results indicated that the nanoemulsion exhibited a double-layer structure. The physicochemical properties and storage stability were found to be favorable under the conditions of WPI (0.3 wt% v/v), Carvacrol (0.5 % v/v), and ε-polylysine (0.3 wt% v/v). In addition, the nanoemulsion had inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger at concentrations of minimal inhibition concentration (32, 32, and 200 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, during a 7-day storage period, the nanoemulsion effectively preserved mangoes. Therefore, nanoemulsion could serve as a candidate for control of postharvest mangoes spoilage and extend its period of storage.