RESUMEN
Objetivou-se, no presente estudo, pesquisar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em 812 amostras de soros sangüíneos de bovinos leiteiros procedentes de propriedades rurais de sete municípios das microrregiões de Itapecuru-Mirim, Médio Mearim e Presidente Dutra, estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Para o cálculo do tamanho da amostra, considerou-se um soroprevalência de 34,7 por cento para N. caninum, com erro máximo de 9,5 por cento e intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento. Para a detecção da presença de anticorpos da classe IgG, utilizou-se a técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFI), com ponto de corte 1:200, usando como antígeno, taquizoítos da cepa NC-1, mantida em cultura celular no Laboratório de Diagnóstico das Parasitoses dos Animais da Escola de Medicina Veterinária da UFBA. Do total de amostras analisadas, encontrou-se uma prevalência de 50,74 por cento. Os títulos variaram de 1:200 a 1:6400, assim distribuídos: 108 (26,21 por cento) amostras de soro apresentaram título de 1:200; 132 (32,04 por cento) 1:400; 94 (22,81 por cento) 1:800; 46 (11,16 por cento) 1:1600; 23 (5,58 por cento) 1:3200 e nove (2,18 por cento) com títulos de 1:6400. Dentre as microrregiões, a Itapecuru-Mirim apresentou o menor percentual de animais soropositivos (20,69 por cento) e Presidente Dutra o maior (47,66 por cento). Com relação à variável sexo, observou-se maior prevalência de sororreagentes nas fêmeas (46,80 por cento) do que nos machos (52,46 por cento). Não se verificou diferença significativa (P>0,05) para as variáveis microrregiões, sexo e idade. Conclui-se que os bovinos leiteiros das regiões estudadas estão expostos à infecção por N. caninum.
The objective in the present study was to research the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum in 812 samples of blood serum of dairy cattle from farms of seven municipalities of microrregions of Itapecuru-Mirim, Middle Mearim and President Dutra, state of Maranhão, Brazil. For the calculation of sample size, it was considered a seroprevalence of 34.7 percent for N. caninum, with a maximum error of 9.5 percent and a confidence interval of 95 percent. To detect antibodies, it was used the technique of Indirect Immunofluorescence (IFI), with the cut-off of 1:200, using as antigen, tachyzoites strain NC-1, maintained in cell culture in the Laboratory of Diagnosis of Parasitism of the Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. Of the total samples, it was obtained a prevalence of 50.74 percent. The titles ranged from 1:200 to 1:6400, distributed as follows: 108 (26.21 percent) serum samples showed title of 1:200; 132 (32.04 percent) 1:400; 94 (22.81 percent) 1:800; 46 (11.16 percent) of 1:1600; 23 (5.58 percent) of 1:3200 and nine (2.18 percent) with titers of 1:6400. Among the microrregiões the Itapecuru-Mirim showed the lowest percentage of animals seropositive (20.69 percent) and President Dutra the largest (47.66 percent). It was observed higher prevalence of seropositives in females (46.80 percent) than in males (52.46 percent). There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) for the microrregions variables, sex and age. Concluded that the dairy cattle of the regions studied are exposed to infection by N. caninum.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmisibles/sangre , Enfermedades Transmisibles/veterinaria , Biopsia con Aguja , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Elemento de Respuesta al SueroRESUMEN
Com o objetivo de determinar os índices de falha de transferência de imunidade em bezerros holandeses e nelores foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, 413 amostras sanguíneas de animais de ambas as raças. Os filhos de vacas pluríparas e os bezerros holandeses apresentaram maiores níveis séricos de proteína total, da fração gamaglobulina e de IgG, do que bezerros da raça Nelore. Contudo, os índices de falha de transferência de imunidade passiva foram mais elevados nos animais da raça Holandesa, às 24 e 48 horas de idade. Estabeleceram-se valores de alguns componentes séricos para o diagnóstico de falha de transferência de imunidade passiva, de acordo com o desafio antigênico ambiental.
In an attempt to determine the passive immunity failure in Holstein and Nelore calves, 413 blood samples were drawn from animals from both breeds. Calves born from pluriparous cows, from both breeds, and Holstein calves had greater serum concentrations of total protein, gamma globulin and IgG than Nelore newborns. However, the passive immune failure index was higher in Holstein calves than those found in Nelore calves at 24 and 48 hours. Some values of serum components were established to predict the passive immunity failure in dependency of environmental antigenic challenge.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Animales Recién Nacidos/inmunología , Inmunización Pasiva/veterinaria , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análisis , gamma-Glutamiltransferasa/análisis , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Elemento de Respuesta al SueroRESUMEN
Com o objetivo de determinar os índices de falha de transferência de imunidade em bezerros holandeses e nelores foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, 413 amostras sanguíneas de animais de ambas as raças. Os filhos de vacas pluríparas e os bezerros holandeses apresentaram maiores níveis séricos de proteína total, da fração gamaglobulina e de IgG, do que bezerros da raça Nelore. Contudo, os índices de falha de transferência de imunidade passiva foram mais elevados nos animais da raça Holandesa, às 24 e 48 horas de idade. Estabeleceram-se valores de alguns componentes séricos para o diagnóstico de falha de transferência de imunidade passiva, de acordo com o desafio antigênico ambiental.(AU)
In an attempt to determine the passive immunity failure in Holstein and Nelore calves, 413 blood samples were drawn from animals from both breeds. Calves born from pluriparous cows, from both breeds, and Holstein calves had greater serum concentrations of total protein, gamma globulin and IgG than Nelore newborns. However, the passive immune failure index was higher in Holstein calves than those found in Nelore calves at 24 and 48 hours. Some values of serum components were established to predict the passive immunity failure in dependency of environmental antigenic challenge.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Recién Nacido , Bovinos , Bovinos/sangre , Bovinos/inmunología , Inmunización Pasiva/métodos , Inmunización Pasiva/estadística & datos numéricos , Inmunización Pasiva/veterinaria , Elemento de Respuesta al Suero/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G , Análisis de VulnerabilidadRESUMEN
The pentadecapeptide comprising the 104-118 amino acid sequence of the ilotropin-derived Reg3-related islet neogenesis-associated protein (INGAP-PP) has been implicated in beta cell neogenesis and enhancement of insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. The aim of this study was to investigate intracellular pathways by which INGAP-PP signals in insulin-producing cells. Treatment with INGAP-PP increased insulin secretion and intracellular calcium levels in MIN6 cells. INGAP-PP exposure activated c-Myc, serum and particularly nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) response elements in insulin-producing cells (1.7+/-0.1, 1.8+/-0.1, 2.4+/-0.3 for RINm5F, and 1.3+/-0.1, 1.3+/-0.1 and 1.6+/-0.1 fold for MIN6 cells compared to controls, respectively). There was an increase in the proliferation rate of viable cells (162+/-17% for RINm5F and 155+/-13% for MIN6) that was accompanied by an increase in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression (187+/-19% and 170+/-8% for RINm5F and MIN6 cells respectively) following INGAP-PP treatment. INGAP-PP increased the expression of the muscarinic M(3) receptor subtype (169+/-4% for RINm5F and 222+/-20% for MIN6 cells). Activation of multiple serum response elements by foetal calf serum also increased muscarinic M(3) receptor expression (173+/-9% for RINm5F and 140+/-7% for MIN6 cells). The blockade of NF-kappaB signalling pathway strongly decreased muscarinic M(3) receptor expression in response to both stimuli. In summary, a network of intracellular signals that includes activation of c-Myc signalling pathway and increased PCNA expression might be related to the increased proliferation rate of insulin-producing cells following incubation with INGAP-PP. NF-kappaB signalling plays an essential role in controlling the expression of the muscarinic M(3) receptor.
Asunto(s)
Acetilcolina/metabolismo , Citocinas/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/citología , Fragmentos de Péptidos/farmacología , Receptor Muscarínico M3/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Transcripción ReIA/metabolismo , Transporte Activo de Núcleo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Carbacol/farmacología , Dominio Catalítico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Núcleo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citocinas/química , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Espacio Intracelular/efectos de los fármacos , Espacio Intracelular/metabolismo , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas Asociadas a Pancreatitis , Fragmentos de Péptidos/química , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/química , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula en Proliferación/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/metabolismo , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , Ratas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Proteínas Quinasas S6 Ribosómicas 70-kDa/metabolismo , Elemento de Respuesta al Suero/genética , Factor de Transcripción ReIA/deficiencia , Factor de Transcripción ReIA/genética , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Foi realizado estudo experimental de intoxicação por Brachiaria decumbens em ovinos confinados que receberam apenas esta forrageira como alimento. Os animais foram avaliados em três períodos do ano, com duração de 60 dias cada. As análises incluíram exame clínico e amostras de sangue para mensuração da atividade sérica das enzimas gama glutamiltransferase e aspartato aminotransferase com o objetivo de avaliar sua importância e utilidade no diagnóstico de fotossensibilização hepatógena causada pela planta. Foram descritos ainda, achados de necropsia e histopatológicos. Dos vinte e quatro animais confinados, cinco morreram no primeiro período (fevereiro a abril), quatro no segundo (junho a agosto) e dois no terceiro (outubro a dezembro), tendo como principais sinais clínicos anorexia, icterícia, fotofobia, dermatite leve, além de desidratação e apatia. Nos achados de necropsia foram constatados icterícia generalizada, vesícula biliar repleta e distendida, padrão lobular hepático evidente e, em dois casos, opacidade de córnea. As alterações microscópicas foram mais significativas no fígado com bilestase, tumefação e vacuolização de hepatócitos, sinusóides com macrófagos, proliferação de ductos e dúctulos biliares com infiltração linfocítica, que variaram na sua severidade conforme o tempo decorrido da ingestão da planta, além de imagens negativas de cristais no citoplasma de macrófagos presentes nos sinusóides hepáticos e no espaço periportal e cristais refringentes oticamente ativos, ocluindo a luz de ductos biliares. Os achados foram característicos de fotossensibilização hepatógena por B. decumbens, principalmente pela presença de fotofobia, mesmo quando os animais não apresentaram fotodermatite. O aumento da atividade sérica da gama glutamiltransferase teve alta correlação com a morte dos animais. O surgimento da elevação da atividade sérica de gama glutamiltransferase foi, em média, 11 dias antes da constatação dos sinais clínicos, ...(AU)
Brachiaria decumbens was fed as exclusive source of food to feedlot sheep. Sheep were evaluated in three periods of the year, of 60 days each, regarding their clinical status and was performed collection of blood samples to measure enzymatic activity of gamma glutamyltransferase and aspartate aminotransferase to evaluate their diagnostic importance and usefulness besides the clinical signs, necropsy and histopathology finds in hepatogenous photosensitization Brachiaria related. Out of 24 feedlot sheep, five died in the first period (February-April), four in the second (June-August) and two in the third (October-December). Main clinical signs were anorexia, jaundice, photophobia and two cases of slight dermatitis, besides dehydration, apathy and corneal opacity. Necropsy revealed generalized jaundice, distended gall bladder and liver with evident lobular pattern. The histological changes varied in severity according the time after the beginning of the plant ingestion; they were more significant in the liver and included bilestasis, swelling and vacuolation of hepatocytes, foammy macrophages, bile duct proliferation and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, further crystal negative images were found within cytoplasm of macrophages present inside of hepatic sinusoid and in the periportal space and also optically active refringent crystal in the lumen of bile tubules. These finds are characteristic of hepatogenous photosensitization, mainly by presence of photophobia, even when the sheep did not present photodermatitis. The results of serum biochemistry activity, during the course of poisoning with strong relation between increased gamma glutamyltransferase activity, and lethality. Onset of arising gama glutamyltransferase activity was 11 days, in average, before beginning of clinical signs. Aspartate aminotransferase had increased activity only close to the beginning of clinical signs. Serum biochemistry results of GGT suggest that ...(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Brachiaria/envenenamiento , Brachiaria/toxicidad , Intoxicación por Plantas/diagnóstico , Intoxicación por Plantas/mortalidad , Intoxicación por Plantas/cirugía , Intoxicación por Plantas/veterinaria , Elemento de Respuesta al Suero , Ovinos , gamma-Glutamiltransferasa , Aspartato AminotransferasasRESUMEN
It is well established that histamine modulates cell proliferation through the activation of the histamine H1 receptor (H1R), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is known to couple to phospholipase C (PLC) activation via Gq. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether H1R activation modulates Rho GTPases, well-known effectors of Gq/G(11)-coupled receptors, and whether such modulation influences cell proliferation. Experiments were carried out in CHO cells stably expressing H1R (CHO-H1R). By using pull-down assays, we found that both histamine and a selective H1R agonist activated Rac and RhoA in a time- and dose-dependent manner without significant changes in the activation of Cdc42. Histamine response was abolished by the H1R antagonist mepyramine, RGS2 and the PLC inhibitor U73122, suggesting that Rac and RhoA activation is mediated by H1R via Gq coupling to PLC stimulation. Histamine caused a marked activation of serum response factor activity via the H1R, as determined with a serum-responsive element (SRE) luciferase reporter, and this response was inhibited by RhoA inactivation with C3 toxin. Histamine also caused a significant activation of JNK which was inhibited by expression of the Rac-GAP beta2-chimaerin. On the other hand, H1R-induced ERK1/2 activation was inhibited by U73122 but not affected by C3 or beta2-chimaerin, suggesting that ERK1/2 activation was dependent on PLC and independent of RhoA or Rac. [(3)H]-Thymidine incorporation assays showed that both histamine and the H1R agonist inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and that the effect was independent of RhoA but partially dependent on JNK and Rac. Our results reveal that functional coupling of the H1R to Gq-PLC leads to the activation of RhoA and Rac small GTPases and suggest distinct roles for Rho GTPases in the control of cell proliferation by histamine.
Asunto(s)
Histamina/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Receptores Histamínicos H1/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfolipasas de Tipo C/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rac/metabolismo , Animales , Células CHO , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Clonales , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Genes Reporteros , Humanos , Luciferasas/metabolismo , Elemento de Respuesta al Suero/genética , Proteína de Unión al GTP rhoA/metabolismoRESUMEN
Com o objetivo de estudar a influência do exercício físico prolongado na indução de lesão miocárdica e na desqualificação de eqüinos em provas de enduro, colheram-se 87 amostras de sangue de eqüinos adultos Árabes e mestiços para determinação da concentração sérica da isoenzima MB (CKMB), da atividade sérica de creatina quinase (CK) e do índice CKMB/CK. Dividiram-se as amostras da seguinte forma: C (controle, n=34): eqüinos em repouso, no dia anterior à competição; G1 (n=24): eqüinos que finalizaram as competições; G2 (n=14): eqüinos desqualificados durante as competições por causa metabólica e G3 (n=15): eqüinos desqualificados durante as competições por claudicação. Os valores medianos obtidos de CKMB, para os grupos C, G1, G2 e G3, foram respectivamente 2,25; 2,95; 1,95 e 2,40 ng/mL; para a atividade de CK, os resultados foram 164,2; 1228,0; 840,0 e 581,0 U/L a 30oC; e para o índice CKMB/CK, os resultados foram 1,41; 0,21; 0,23 e 0,42%. Houve média correlação positiva entre distância percorrida e CKMB e CK, e negativa entre distância e índice CKMB/CK. O exercício físico de resistência não leva a aumento significante dos valores da isoenzima CKMB, mas sim da atividade sérica da enzima CK, indicando dano à musculatura esquelética. Animais desqualificados por causa metabólica parecem não apresentar envolvimento de lesão miocárdica na causa de desqualificação. Não foi possível verificar a presença de lesão cardíaca induzida pelo exercício em eqüinos de enduro e sua relação com causas metabólicas de desqualificação a partir da utilização de CKMB como único marcador cardíaco.
With the purpose of studying the influence of prolonged phyisical exercise causing myocardial lesion and disqualifying horses in endurance competitions, 87 blood samples were collected from adult Arabian and crossbred horses, to determine the serum concentration of the isoenzyme MB (CKMB), the serum activity of creatine kinase (CK), and the CKMB/CK index. Samples were divided as follows: C (control, n=34): horses at rest, one day before competition; G1 (n=24): horses which finished competitions; G2 (n=14): horses disqualified during competitions by metabolic causes, and G3 (n=15): horses disqualified during competitions after lameness was diagnosed. Median values obtained for CKMB, for groups C, G1, G2, and G3, were, respectively, 2.25; 2.95; 1.95, and 2.40 ng/mL; for CK activity, the results were 164.2; 1228.0; 840.0, and 581.0 in U/L at 30oC; and for CKMB/CK index, the results were 1.41; 0.21; 0.23, and 0.42%. There was mean positive correlation between distance and CKMB and CK, and negative correlation between distance and CKMB/CK index. It was concluded that endurance exercise does not cause significant increases in CKMB values, but in CK serum activity, indicating skeletal muscle injury. Horses disqualified by metabolic causes seem not to present myocardial injury involved in the cause of disqualification. It was not possible to verify the presence of exercise-induced cardiac injury in endurance horses and its relationship with metabolic causes of disqualification only by the utilization of CKMB as the only cardiac marker.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/efectos adversos , Elemento de Respuesta al Suero/fisiología , Isoenzimas/sangre , Isoenzimas , Caballos/lesiones , Evaluación de Daños , MiocardioRESUMEN
The lymphoma is the main hematopoietic tumor in dogs and it is characterized by the proliferation of cells from lymphoid tissue, histiocytes and its precursors. Animals with lymphoma often show changes in biochemical and hematological parameters such as non-regenerative normochromic normocytic anemia, hemolytic anemia, hypocalcaemia and monoclonal gammopathy. The development of tumor can cause alterations in serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs), consequent of hepatocytes stimulus by cytokines of inflammatory action. This study aimed to quantify and qualify APPs in dogs with lymphoma, at diagnosis time and during the time of chemotherapy sessions. After syneresis, centrifugation and fractioning the serum samples of 10 healthy and 10 dogs with lymphomas, the proteins fractions were separated by polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and its concentrations were determined by computer densitometry. Between 18 and 30 proteins were separated by eletrophoresis, with molecular weights ranging from 18 to 245 kDa (kilodaltons). The alpha-1-glicoprotein acid (AGP) and transferrin serum concentration showed significantly higher in dogs with lymphoma, when compared with healthy dogs at diagnosis. The alpha-1-antitripsin (AAT) serum concentrations showed significantly higher in healthy dogs, when compared with dogs with lymphoma at diagnosis. The dogs with lymphoma the albumin did not appear as negative APP. On the other hand, transferrin appeared as positive AAP at diagnosis time and during the chemotherapy sessions. Healthy dogs had AAT serum concentrations significantly higher when compared to dogs with lymphoma at diagnosis. So, in this trial, it is suggested that this protein has been shown as a negative APP in the dogs with lymphoma. These dogs presented significantly higher AGP serum concentrations, in relation to healthy dogs at diagnosis, evidencing this protein APP positive behavior in neoplasm.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Elemento de Respuesta al Suero , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida/métodos , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida/veterinaria , Linfoma/microbiología , Linfoma/veterinaria , Orosomucoide/biosíntesis , alfa 1-Antitripsina/biosíntesisRESUMEN
Com o objetivo de estudar a influência do exercício físico prolongado na indução de lesão miocárdica e na desqualificação de eqüinos em provas de enduro, colheram-se 87 amostras de sangue de eqüinos adultos Árabes e mestiços para determinação da concentração sérica da isoenzima MB (CKMB), da atividade sérica de creatina quinase (CK) e do índice CKMB/CK. Dividiram-se as amostras da seguinte forma: C (controle, n=34): eqüinos em repouso, no dia anterior à competição; G1 (n=24): eqüinos que finalizaram as competições; G2 (n=14): eqüinos desqualificados durante as competições por causa metabólica e G3 (n=15): eqüinos desqualificados durante as competições por claudicação. Os valores medianos obtidos de CKMB, para os grupos C, G1, G2 e G3, foram respectivamente 2,25; 2,95; 1,95 e 2,40 ng/mL; para a atividade de CK, os resultados foram 164,2; 1228,0; 840,0 e 581,0 U/L a 30oC; e para o índice CKMB/CK, os resultados foram 1,41; 0,21; 0,23 e 0,42%. Houve média correlação positiva entre distância percorrida e CKMB e CK, e negativa entre distância e índice CKMB/CK. O exercício físico de resistência não leva a aumento significante dos valores da isoenzima CKMB, mas sim da atividade sérica da enzima CK, indicando dano à musculatura esquelética. Animais desqualificados por causa metabólica parecem não apresentar envolvimento de lesão miocárdica na causa de desqualificação. Não foi possível verificar a presença de lesão cardíaca induzida pelo exercício em eqüinos de enduro e sua relação com causas metabólicas de desqualificação a partir da utilização de CKMB como único marcador cardíaco.(AU)
With the purpose of studying the influence of prolonged phyisical exercise causing myocardial lesion and disqualifying horses in endurance competitions, 87 blood samples were collected from adult Arabian and crossbred horses, to determine the serum concentration of the isoenzyme MB (CKMB), the serum activity of creatine kinase (CK), and the CKMB/CK index. Samples were divided as follows: C (control, n=34): horses at rest, one day before competition; G1 (n=24): horses which finished competitions; G2 (n=14): horses disqualified during competitions by metabolic causes, and G3 (n=15): horses disqualified during competitions after lameness was diagnosed. Median values obtained for CKMB, for groups C, G1, G2, and G3, were, respectively, 2.25; 2.95; 1.95, and 2.40 ng/mL; for CK activity, the results were 164.2; 1228.0; 840.0, and 581.0 in U/L at 30oC; and for CKMB/CK index, the results were 1.41; 0.21; 0.23, and 0.42%. There was mean positive correlation between distance and CKMB and CK, and negative correlation between distance and CKMB/CK index. It was concluded that endurance exercise does not cause significant increases in CKMB values, but in CK serum activity, indicating skeletal muscle injury. Horses disqualified by metabolic causes seem not to present myocardial injury involved in the cause of disqualification. It was not possible to verify the presence of exercise-induced cardiac injury in endurance horses and its relationship with metabolic causes of disqualification only by the utilization of CKMB as the only cardiac marker.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/efectos adversos , Elemento de Respuesta al Suero/fisiología , Isoenzimas/sangre , Isoenzimas , Caballos/lesiones , Miocardio , Evaluación de DañosRESUMEN
The lymphoma is the main hematopoietic tumor in dogs and it is characterized by the proliferation of cells from lymphoid tissue, histiocytes and its precursors. Animals with lymphoma often show changes in biochemical and hematological parameters such as non-regenerative normochromic normocytic anemia, hemolytic anemia, hypocalcaemia and monoclonal gammopathy. The development of tumor can cause alterations in serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs), consequent of hepatocytes stimulus by cytokines of inflammatory action. This study aimed to quantify and qualify APPs in dogs with lymphoma, at diagnosis time and during the time of chemotherapy sessions. After syneresis, centrifugation and fractioning the serum samples of 10 healthy and 10 dogs with lymphomas, the proteins fractions were separated by polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and its concentrations were determined by computer densitometry. Between 18 and 30 proteins were separated by eletrophoresis, with molecular weights ranging from 18 to 245 kDa (kilodaltons). The alpha-1-glicoprotein acid (AGP) and transferrin serum concentration showed significantly higher in dogs with lymphoma, when compared with healthy dogs at diagnosis. The alpha-1-antitripsin (AAT) serum concentrations showed significantly higher in healthy dogs, when compared with dogs with lymphoma at diagnosis. The dogs with lymphoma the albumin did not appear as negative APP. On the other hand, transferrin appeared as positive AAP at diagnosis time and during the chemotherapy sessions. Healthy dogs had AAT serum concentrations significantly higher when compared to dogs with lymphoma at diagnosis. So, in this trial, it is suggested that this protein has been shown as a negative APP in the dogs with lymphoma. These dogs presented significantly higher AGP serum concentrations, in relation to healthy dogs at diagnosis, evidencing this protein APP positive behavior in neoplasm.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Linfoma/microbiología , Linfoma/veterinaria , Elemento de Respuesta al Suero , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida/métodos , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida/veterinaria , alfa 1-Antitripsina/biosíntesis , Orosomucoide/biosíntesisRESUMEN
Vaccinia virus (VV) triggers a mitogenic signal at an early stage of infection. VV-induced proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA with kinetics paralleling that stimulated by serum. The VV virokine, or vaccinia virus growth factor (VGF), was not crucial for c-fos induction because it was observed upon infection with the virokine-minus mutant VV (VGF(-)). Furthermore, c-fos expression did not require infectious virus particles, as it occurred even with UV-inactivated VV and was equally induced by the different multiplicities of infection, i.e. 1.0, 5.0, and 25.0. c-fos expression was preceded by VV-induced DNA binding activity and was mediated via the cis-acting elements serum response element (SRE), activating protein-1 (AP-1), and cAMP-response element (CRE). VV activated the protein kinases p42MAPK/ERK2 and p44MAPK/ERK1 and the transcription factor ATF1 in a time-dependent manner with kinetics that paralleled those of VV-stimulated DNA-protein complex formation. The mitogenic signal transmission pathways leading to c-fos activation upon VV infection were apparently mediated by the protein kinases MEK, ERK, and PKA. This assumption was based on the findings that: 1) c-fos transcript was down-regulated; 2) the SRE, AP-1, and CRE binding activities were significantly reduced; and 3) the activation of p42MAPK/ERK2, p44MAPK/ERK1, and ATF1 were drastically affected when the viral infections were carried out in the presence of specific protein kinase inhibitor. Moreover, the mutant VV (VGF(-)) was also able to activate ERK1/2. It is noteworthy that virus multiplication was equally affected by the same kinase inhibitors. Taken together, our data provide evidence that the early mitogenic signal triggered upon VV infection relies upon the activation of the protein kinases MEK, ERK, and PKA, which are needed for both signal transduction and virus multiplication.