RESUMEN
Jacques Loeb (1859-1924) was the founder of the Journal of General Physiology which he co-directed in association with W.J.V. Osterhout in the years 1918-1924. Having worked (1889-1891)at the Marine Zoological Station of Naples, newly founded by Anton Dohrn, he was imprinted for life. A strong investigator used to perform the experiments personally. Loeb was engaged lifelong in the explanation of life on physico-chemical basis. He touched various fields (being a creative scientist full of ideas), and centered on the exchanges of electrolytes, acids and bases between the body and sea water in fish. He identified two equations: {[K+]+[Na+]}: {[Ca++]+[Mg++]} (Loebs 1st equation) {[K+]+[Na+]}: {[H+]+[Ca++]+[Mg++]} (Loebs final equation) Even nowadays these equations may have applications in a wide list of electrolyte and acid-base disturbances. Unfortunately his heredity has been dissipated.
Asunto(s)
Electrólitos/historia , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , Prusia , Equilibrio HidroelectrolíticoRESUMEN
Bengt Saltin knew very well the history and work of the giants whose shoulders he was standing upon, such as August Krogh and Johannes Lindhard. He was basically a physiologist interested in physical activity and exercise, particularly in the cardiovascular and muscular responses. Some of his major original contributions were (a) the human muscle model in terms of the one-legged, knee extensor quantifying work by the high-precision Krogh ergometer and, using this, challenging Krogh's proposed autoregulation of capillary blood flow during exercise; (b) the electrolyte fluxes quantification on an intra- and extra-cellular level in human muscle during exercise to reveal such changes as possible fatigue mechanisms; and (c) the evidence presented that underlined the health-enhancing effect of physical exercise training from bedside to workplace.
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Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Fisiología/historia , Músculo Cuádriceps/fisiología , Deportes/historia , Academias e Institutos/historia , Investigación Biomédica/historia , Dinamarca , Electrólitos/historia , Electrólitos/metabolismo , Estado de Salud , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Consumo de Oxígeno , Músculo Cuádriceps/irrigación sanguínea , Deportes/fisiología , SueciaRESUMEN
Critical care has evolved from a prolonged recovery room stay for cardiac surgery patients to a full medical and nursing specialty in the last 5 decades. The ability to feed patients who cannot eat has evolved from impossible to routine clinical practice in the last 4 decades. Nutrition in critically ill patients based on measurement of metabolism has evolved from a research activity to clinical practice in the last 3 decades. The authors have been involved in this evolution and this article discusses past, present, and likely future practices in nutrition in critically ill patients.
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Cuidados Críticos/historia , Apoyo Nutricional/historia , Aminoácidos/administración & dosificación , Aminoácidos/historia , Cuidados Críticos/tendencias , Electrólitos/historia , Glucosa/historia , Hemofiltración/historia , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Nutrición Parenteral/historia , Soluciones para Nutrición Parenteral/química , Soluciones para Nutrición Parenteral/historia , Respiración Artificial , Soluciones/historiaAsunto(s)
Composición de Medicamentos/historia , Fluidoterapia/historia , Infusiones Intravenosas/historia , Soluciones para Rehidratación/química , Desequilibrio Hidroelectrolítico/historia , Desequilibrio Hidroelectrolítico/terapia , Electrólitos/administración & dosificación , Electrólitos/historia , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Terapia de Infusión a Domicilio/historia , HumanosRESUMEN
As part of its 100th-anniversary celebration, the Pan American Health Organization has named 12 persons as "Public Health Heroes of the Americas" in recognition of their noteworthy contributions to public health in the Region of the Americas. Over the course of this year, the Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health will be carrying pieces written by or about these heroes.
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Gastroenteritis/historia , Hospitales Pediátricos/historia , Pediatría/historia , Facultades de Medicina/historia , Prevención de Accidentes , Distinciones y Premios , Niño , Ciencias de la Nutrición del Niño/educación , Cuba , Electrólitos/administración & dosificación , Electrólitos/historia , Gastroenteritis/prevención & control , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Organización Panamericana de la Salud/historia , Pediatría/educaciónAsunto(s)
Electrólitos/historia , Líquidos Laberínticos/química , Animales , Historia del Siglo XX , HumanosRESUMEN
Electrodes are widely used to measure bioelectric events and to stimulate excitable tissues. In one form or another, electrodes have been around for nearly two centuries; yet our ability to predict their properties is extremely limited, despite considerable research, especially during the last century. This paper chronicles the accumulation of knowledge about the electrode-electrolyte interface as a circuit element. Our understanding of this interface starts with the Helmholtz double layer of charge and progresses through the Warburg and Fricke low-current-density models, which demonstrated that the resistive and capacitive components are polarization elements, the values of which depend on frequency. The discovery by Schwan, showing that the components of the Warburg-Fricke model are current-density dependent, is recounted, along with the discovery of the rectifying properties of the electrode-electrolyte interface and how it was put to practical use. The very high current-density operation of the interface is discussed in terms of gas evolution, arching, and shock-wave production. Finally the evolution of recording electrodes is traced. Because electrodes can be operated over a very wide range of current density, it is unlikely that a single model can be created for the electrode-electrolyte interface, although over a restricted current-density range such a model may be possible.