RESUMEN
Eclipta alba L., also known as false daisy, is well known and commercially attractive plant with excellent hepatotoxic and antidiabetic activities. Light is considered a key modulator in plant morphogenesis and survival by regulating important physiological cascades. Current study was carried out to investigate growth and developmental aspects of E. alba under differential effect of multispectral lights. In vitro derived callus culture of E. alba was exposed to multispectral monochromatic lights under controlled aseptic conditions. Maximum dry weight was recorded in culture grown under red light (11.2 g/L) whereas negative effect was observed under exposure of yellow light on callus growth (4.87 g/L). Furthermore, red light significantly enhanced phenolics and flavonoids content (TPC: 57.8 mg/g, TFC: 11.1 mg/g) in callus cultures compared to rest of lights. HPLC analysis further confirmed highest accumulation of four major compounds i.e. coumarin (1.26 mg/g), eclalbatin (5.00 mg/g), wedelolactone (32.54 mg/g) and demethylwedelolactone (23.67 mg/g) and two minor compounds (ß-amyrin: 0.38 mg/g, luteolin: 0.39 mg/g) in red light treated culture whereas stigmasterol was found optimum (0.22 mg/g) under blue light. In vitro based biological activities including antioxidant, antidiabetic and lipase inhibitory assays showed optimum values in cultures exposed to red light, suggesting crucial role of these phytochemicals in the enhancement of the therapeutic potential of E. alba. These results clearly revealed that the use of multispectral lights in in vitro cultures could be an effective strategy for enhanced production of phytochemicals.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Eclipta/metabolismo , Eclipta/efectos de la radiación , Hipoglucemiantes/metabolismo , Fitoquímicos/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/química , Cumarinas/metabolismo , Eclipta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Luz , Fenoles/metabolismo , Fitoquímicos/química , Metabolismo Secundario/efectos de la radiación , Técnicas de Cultivo de TejidosRESUMEN
Lead (Pb) contamination of soil is a serious environmental problem, adversely affecting ecosystems, globally. Phytoremediation is an alternative to conventional methods of soil remediation. The success of phytoremediation depends on the identification of suitable native plant species with high biomass to deal with metal contamination. In the present experiment, response of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Scoparia dulcis L. and Phyllanthus niruri L. to increase in concentrations of PbNO3·5H2O in the soil for a period of 30 days was tested to assess their suitability in phytoremediation. Pb accumulation in all the three plants was in a concentration-dependent manner. Although S. dulcis survived the soil metal concentrations, it exhibited a stunted growth; P. niruri was found susceptible to Pb toxicity; E. prostrata recorded a maximum uptake of 12484⯵g/g dry weight in its root and 7229⯵g/g dry weight in its shoot, without any adverse impact on growth traits. Bioconcentration factor and translocation factor of the three plants were also calculated, which revealed that E. prostrata has Pb accumulation potential. Therefore, enzymatic antioxidant activities and transmission electron microscopic analysis were carried out to determine the physiological adaptation and tolerance of E. prostrata to Pb stress. Overall, E. prostrata is identified as a tolerant plant showing Pb hyperaccumulation tendencies with essential features for phytoextraction.
Asunto(s)
Eclipta/metabolismo , Plomo/metabolismo , Nitratos/metabolismo , Phyllanthus/metabolismo , Scoparia/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Suelo/metabolismo , Adaptación Fisiológica , Biodegradación Ambiental , Biomasa , Eclipta/efectos de los fármacos , Eclipta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plomo/análisis , Plomo/toxicidad , Nitratos/análisis , Nitratos/toxicidad , Phyllanthus/efectos de los fármacos , Phyllanthus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Scoparia/efectos de los fármacos , Scoparia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Suelo/química , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisisRESUMEN
To identify the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonizing wetland seedlings following flooding, we assessed the effects of AMF on seedling establishment of two pioneer species, Bidens frondosa and Eclipta prostrata grown under three levels of water availability and ask: (1) Do inoculated seedlings differ in growth and development from non-inoculated plants? (2) Are the effects of inoculation and degree of colonization dependent on water availability? (3) Do plant responses to inoculation differ between two closely related species? Inoculation had no detectable effects on shoot height, or plant biomass but did affect biomass partitioning and root morphology in a species-specific manner. Shoot/root ratios were significantly lower in non-inoculated E. prostrata plants compared with inoculated plants (0.381 ± 0.066 vs. 0.683 ± 0.132). Root length and surface area were greater in non-inoculated E. prostrata (259.55 ± 33.78 cm vs. 194.64 ± 27.45 cm and 54.91 ± 7.628 cm(2) vs. 46.26 ± 6.8 cm(2), respectively). Inoculation had no detectable effect on B. frondosa root length, volume, or surface area. AMF associations formed at all levels of water availability. Hyphal, arbuscular, and vesicular colonization levels were greater in dry compared with intermediate and flooded treatments. Measures of mycorrhizal responsiveness were significantly depressed in E. prostrata compared with B. frondosa for total fresh weight (-0.3 ± 0.18 g vs. 0.06 ± 0.06 g), root length (-0.78 ± 0.28 cm vs.-0.11 ± 0.07 cm), root volume (-0.49 ± 0.22 cm(3) vs. 0.06 ± 0.07 cm(3)), and surface area (-0.59 ± 0.23 cm(2) vs.-0.03 ± 0.08 cm(2)). Given the disparity in species response to AMF inoculation, events that alter AMF prevalence in wetlands could significantly alter plant community structure by directly affecting seedling growth and development.
Asunto(s)
Bidens/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bidens/microbiología , Eclipta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Eclipta/microbiología , Hongos/fisiología , Micorrizas/fisiología , Agua/metabolismo , Eclipta/metabolismo , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantones/metabolismo , Plantones/microbiología , HumedalesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A number of techniques, including cultural management, allelopathy and bioherbicide, have been considered as alternatives for synthetic herbicides, but successful weed control will require the careful integration of these multiple techniques. This study was conducted to assess the use of allelopathic rice varieties in combination with cultural management options on paddy weeds, in order to develop an allelopathy-based technique to reduce herbicide use in paddies. RESULTS: The weed-suppressive effects of the rice varieties tested varied highly with allelopathic trait, planting pattern and cultural management including planting density, flooding depth and duration and supply of nitrogen. Allelopathic rice varieties PI312777 and Huagan-1 demonstrated much stronger weed suppression than the non-allelopathic variety Huajianxian under the same planting pattern and cultural management. Their weed-suppressive effect was increased with cultural management options. In particular, if integrated cultural management options of allelopathic rice varieties included a low-dose (bensulfuron-methyl, 25 g AI ha(-1), a third of the recommended dose) herbicide application, the emergence and growth of most weeds found in paddy fields was completely controlled. No grain yield reduction for allelopathic varieties occurred under integrated cultural management options, whereas with the non-allelopathic variety a reduction of up to 45-60% was measurable even with the low-dose herbicide application. CONCLUSION: The allelopathic potential of rice varieties will likely have a great impact on paddy weed control if integrated with cultural management options and application of low doses of herbicides. Therefore, it is feasible to reduce herbicide input in paddies if allelopathic rice is grown under integrated cultural management practices.
Asunto(s)
Agricultura/métodos , Magnoliopsida/efectos de los fármacos , Oryza/química , Feromonas/farmacología , Carbono/química , Cyperus/efectos de los fármacos , Cyperus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Echinochloa/efectos de los fármacos , Echinochloa/crecimiento & desarrollo , Eclipta/efectos de los fármacos , Eclipta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Herbicidas/farmacología , Magnoliopsida/crecimiento & desarrollo , Oryza/genética , Oryza/crecimiento & desarrollo , Densidad de Población , Distribución Aleatoria , Compuestos de Sulfonilurea/farmacologíaRESUMEN
A pot culture experiment was conducted to examine the interference effectiveness of allelopathic rice Huakangcao 78 on weeds Echinochloa crusgalli L., Cyperus difformis L., and Eclipta prostrata L. as affected by rice leaf age during transplanting, plant density, and soil surface water depth and its retaining days. The results showed that Huakangcao 78 could significantly reduce the dry weight of weeds compared with non-allelopathic rice Lemont. The control effectiveness of Huakangcao 78 on E. crusgalli L. was better when the weed was at 0-1.5 leaf age than at 1.5-2.4 leaf age, and that on C. difformis L. was better when the weed was at 0-0.3 leaf age than at 0.8-2.0 leaf age. The interactive effectiveness between rice leaf age during transplanting and plant density on weed control was better than that between the leaf age and soil surface water depth and its retaining days. To increase the rice leaf age during transplanting and plant density could significantly promote the control effectiveness of Huakangcao 78 on weeds.