RESUMEN
Present study is conducted to evaluate the response of bean (Dolichos lablabcv . pusa early prolific) plants to supplemental UV-B (sUV-B: 280-315 nm: 7.2 kJ m(-2) d(-1)) radiation. UV-B caused alteration in biomass translocation pattern with more retention of biomass in below ground parts leading to an increment in root shoot ratio. Specific leaf area (SLA) which is the measure of leaf thinness, increased in plants under sUV-B exposure by 95.7 and 82.3% after 15 and 30 days after germination. Photosynthetic machinery of bean plants was the potential target of UV-B as photosynthetic rate was decreased by 88.6% at 30 days after germination. sUV-B lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species thus generating oxidative stress. Stimulation of antioxidant defense system (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) was observed due to sUV-B radiation. Phenolic content decreased (34.7 and 18.6%) but protein showed varied response, increased initially (34%) thereafter declined (10.2%) under sUV-B radiation.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Dolichos/efectos de la radiación , Pigmentos Biológicos/metabolismo , Rayos Ultravioleta , Dolichos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dolichos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major crop of Eastern India grown during the wet season (June/July to September/October). Aerobic soils of the upland rice system, which are acidic and inherently phosphorus (P) limiting, support native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) activity. Attempts were made to improve P nutrition of upland rice by exploiting this natural situation through different crop rotations and application of AM fungal (AMF) inoculum. The effect of a 2-year crop rotation of maize (Zea mays L.) followed by horse gram (Dolichos biflorus L.) in the first year and upland rice in the second year on native AM activity was compared to three existing systems, with and without application of a soil-root-based inoculum. Integration of AM fungal inoculation with the maize-horse gram rotation had synergistic/additive effects in terms of AMF colonization (+22.7 to +42.7%), plant P acquisition (+11.2 to +23.7%), and grain yield of rice variety Vandana (+25.7 to +34.3%).
Asunto(s)
Inoculantes Agrícolas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Agricultura/métodos , Glomeromycota/crecimiento & desarrollo , Micorrizas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Oryza/metabolismo , Oryza/microbiología , Fósforo/metabolismo , Microbiología del Suelo , Inoculantes Agrícolas/metabolismo , Dolichos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Glomeromycota/metabolismo , India , Micorrizas/metabolismo , Oryza/crecimiento & desarrollo , Zea mays/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
We investigated the changes in the properties of water when exposed to sunlight for 40 days. We hypothesize and prove that solar irradiation to water entraps electromagnetic radiation as potential energy, which becomes kinetic energy in various systems. It is postulated that photochemically-induced energy transfers, associated with individual spectral emission of visible spectrum of solar light, exert diverse influences on biological systems. Bottles of distilled water, individually wrapped in spectral-colored cellophane were exposed to sunlight and compared to an unwrapped bottle to determine chemical and physical changes as well as modifications of biological properties. Each bottle of water was named according to the color of cellophane paper with letter E (stands for exposed) as a prefix with (E-violet, E-indigo, E-blue, E-green, E-yellow, E-orange, and E-red). E-control (without wrap) was exposed to polychromatic sunlight. This study addresses two main issues viz., the chemical and physical changes in E-water and its effect on biological activities. Chemical and physical composition analysis using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry; physical conductance by a Wheatstone Bridge type conductivity meter; osmolarity by a vapor pressure osmometer; and, salt solubility profile of 10% sodium bicarbonate were determined. Furthermore, testing the effect of E-waters on human lymphocyte proliferation, mosquito larvae hatching and seed germination determined the functional role of solar radiation through specific spectrum/s of visible light on various biological processes. We found that water exposed to visible spectral emissions of sunlight had an altered elemental composition, electrical conductance, osmolarity and salt-solubility, as well as differences in bio-modulatory effects. A gradual increase in leaching of Boron from E-violet to E-red was noted. E-indigo showed maximal increase in electrical conductance and maximal salt solubility of sodium bicarbonate. E-blue inhibited phyto-hemagglutinin-induced immune cell proliferation and mosquito larvae hatching. E-orange stimulated root elongation in seed germination. We conclude that 40-day exposure of water to specific solar spectrum changes chemical and physical properties and influences on biological activity.
Asunto(s)
Color , Luz Solar , Agua/química , Agua/farmacología , Animales , Anopheles , Boro/análisis , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Dolichos/efectos de los fármacos , Dolichos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bicarbonato de Sodio/química , Solubilidad , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Agua/análisisRESUMEN
The waters containing chromium (Cr) mainly from industries enter into the sewers, municipal treatment plant, streams and lakes that are used for irrigation purposes. The effect of Cr in irrigation water on seed germination and growth of French bean (Dolichos lablab L.) was investigated. Germination studies were conducted in the lab and field conditions. Seeds were treated with different concentrations (0 to 25 mg/1) of Cr in irrigation water. The percentage germination of seeds and plant growth showed a gradual decrease with increase in Cr concentration. Stimulatory effect in growth of plant was observed at lower concentration (1 to 2 mg/l). Accumulation of Cr was in the order of Root > Leaf > Stem > Pod. There was an increase in the total concentration of Cr content of soil with increase in Cr concentration in irrigation water.