RESUMEN
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Preoperative fasting guidelines do not recommend H2 receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors. This study investigated prophylactic use of gastric protection and the incidence of dyspeptic symptoms in the immediate postoperative period. DESIGN AND SETTING: Non-randomized observational investigation in a post-anesthesia care unit. METHODS: American Society of Anesthesiologists risk classification ASAP1 and ASAP2 patients over 18 years of age were evaluated to identify dyspeptic symptoms during post-anesthesia care for up to 48 hours, after receiving or not receiving prophylactic gastric protection during anesthesia. History of dyspeptic symptoms and previous use of such medications were exclusion criteria. The odds ratio for incidence of dyspeptic symptoms with use of these medications was obtained. RESULTS: This investigation studied 188 patients: 71% women; 50.5% ASAP1 patients. Most patients received general anesthesia (68%). Gastric protection was widely used (n = 164; 87.2%), comprising omeprazole (n = 126; 76.8%) or ranitidine (n = 38; 23.2%). Only a few patients did not receive any prophylaxis (n = 24; 12.8%). During the observation, 24 patients (12.8%) reported some dyspeptic symptoms but without any relationship with prophylaxis (relative risk, RR = 0.56; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.23-1.35; P = 0.17; number needed to treat, NNT = 11). Omeprazole, compared with ranitidine, did not reduce the chance of having symptoms (RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.27-1.60; P = 0.26; NNT = 19). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that prophylactic use of proton pump inhibitors or H2 receptor antagonists was routine for asymptomatic patients and was not associated with postoperative protection against dyspeptic symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Periodo de Recuperación de la Anestesia , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Antagonistas de los Receptores H2 de la Histamina/uso terapéutico , Omeprazol/uso terapéutico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/uso terapéutico , Ranitidina/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anestesia General , Dispepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Dispepsia/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/tratamiento farmacológico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Preoperative fasting guidelines do not recommend H2 receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors. This study investigated prophylactic use of gastric protection and the incidence of dyspeptic symptoms in the immediate postoperative period. DESIGN AND SETTING: Non-randomized observational investigation in a post-anesthesia care unit. METHODS: American Society of Anesthesiologists risk classification ASAP1 and ASAP2 patients over 18 years of age were evaluated to identify dyspeptic symptoms during post-anesthesia care for up to 48 hours, after receiving or not receiving prophylactic gastric protection during anesthesia. History of dyspeptic symptoms and previous use of such medications were exclusion criteria. The odds ratio for incidence of dyspeptic symptoms with use of these medications was obtained. RESULTS: This investigation studied 188 patients: 71% women; 50.5% ASAP1 patients. Most patients received general anesthesia (68%). Gastric protection was widely used (n = 164; 87.2%), comprising omeprazole (n = 126; 76.8%) or ranitidine (n = 38; 23.2%). Only a few patients did not receive any prophylaxis (n = 24; 12.8%). During the observation, 24 patients (12.8%) reported some dyspeptic symptoms but without any relationship with prophylaxis (relative risk, RR = 0.56; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.23-1.35; P = 0.17; number needed to treat, NNT = 11). Omeprazole, compared with ranitidine, did not reduce the chance of having symptoms (RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.27-1.60; P = 0.26; NNT = 19). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that prophylactic use of proton pump inhibitors or H2 receptor antagonists was routine for asymptomatic patients and was not associated with postoperative protection against dyspeptic symptoms. .
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Diretrizes para jejum pré-operatório não recomendam antagonistas dos receptores H2 ou inibidores da bomba de prótons. Este estudo investigou o uso profilático de proteção gástrica e a incidência de sintomas dispépticos no período pós-operatório imediato. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo observacional não aleatorizado em unidade de recuperação pós-anestésica. MÉTODOS: Pacientes ASAP1 e ASAP2, classificação de risco da American Society of Anesthesiologists, com mais de 18 anos de idade, foram avaliados para identificar sintomas dispépticos durante a recuperação pós-anestésica em até 48 horas, tendo ou não recebido proteção gástrica profilática durante a anestesia. História de sintomas dispépticos e uso prévio de tais medicamentos foram critérios de exclusão. A razão de chances para incidência de sintomas dispépticos com uso desses medicamentos foi obtida. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 188 pacientes, 71% mulheres, 50,5% dos pacientes ASAP1. A maioria dos pacientes recebeu anestesia geral (68%). Proteção gástrica foi amplamente usada (n = 164; 87,2%), consistindo de omeprazol (n = 126; 76,8%) ou ranitidina (n = 38; 23,2%). Poucos pacientes não receberam qualquer profilaxia (n = 24; 12,8%). Durante a observação, 24 pacientes (12,8%) relataram alguns sintomas dispépticos, porém sem relação com profilaxia (risco relativo, RR = 0,56; intervalo de confiança, IC 95% 0,23-1,35, P = 0,17; número necessário para tratar, NNT = 11). Omeprazol, comparado à ranitidina, não reduziu a chance de ter sintomas (RR = 0,65; IC 95% 0,27-1,60; P = 0,26; NNT = 19). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo sugere que o uso profilático de inibidores da bomba de prótons ...
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Periodo de Recuperación de la Anestesia , Dispepsia/prevención & control , /uso terapéutico , Omeprazol/uso terapéutico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/uso terapéutico , Ranitidina/uso terapéutico , Anestesia General , Dispepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Dispepsia/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/tratamiento farmacológico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To validate the need for prescribing low-fat diet in the prevention or reduction of dyspeptic symptoms in the postoperative period in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: We selected 40 patients, free of liver or pancreatic disease, biliary gallstones, gastritis, ulcer, diabetes and dyslipidemia, who were divided into two groups. We conducted dietary anamnesis, identification of dyspepsia before the onset of cholelithiasis and guidance on appropriate postoperatively feeding (normal or low-fat). We used the chi-square test and Pearson correlation for statistical assessment, considering p d" 0.05 as significant. RESULTS: When comparing the two groups of patients without preoperative dyspepsia, it was observed that in group I seven patients (63.6%) were asymptomatic and in group II, four (66.7%). In group I, four (36.4%) had onset of symptoms and in group II, two (33.3%), p = 0.684. When correlating the two groups with preoperative dyspeptic symptoms, it was observed that there was permanence, appearance or disappearance of symptoms postoperatively, p = 0.114. CONCLUSION: There was no significant effect of low-fat diet in the prevention of gastrointestinal symptoms, especially in preoperatively asymptomatic patients. Thus, there is no need of a low-fat diet. So, it is up to the surgeon to evaluate each patient individually and adjust the diet to his/her needs and clinical conditions.
Asunto(s)
Colecistectomía Laparoscópica , Dieta con Restricción de Grasas , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Lípidos/administración & dosificación , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Validar a necessidade da prescrição da dieta hipolipídica na prevenção ou redução dos sintomas dispépticos no período pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia por videolaparoscopia. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 40 pacientes, distribuídos em dois grupos, isentos de doenças hepáticas, pancreáticas, litíase da via biliar, gastrite, úlcera, diabetes e dislipidemia. Foi realizado anamnese alimentar, identificação de dispepsias antes do aparecimento da colelitíase e orientações sobre a conduta alimentar no pós-operatório (normal ou hipolipídica). Foi utilizado o teste chi-square e a correlação de Pearson, considerando pd"0,05 como significância estatística. RESULTADOS: Comparando-se os dois grupos de pacientes sem dispepsias no pré-operatório, observou-se que no grupo I, sete pacientes (63,6%) permaneceram assintomáticos e no grupo II, quatro (66,7%). No grupo I, em quatro (36,4%) houve aparecimento de sintomas e no grupo II, em dois (33,3%), logo p=0,684. Correlacionando-se os dois grupos dispépticos no pré-operatório, observou-se que houve permanência, aparecimento ou desaparecimento dos sintomas no pós-operatório, sendo p=0,114. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve repercussão significativa da dieta hipolipídica na prevenção dos sintomas dispépticos, principalmente nos pacientes assintomáticos no pré-operatório. Sendo assim, não há necessidade em se orientar uma dieta hipolipídica. De modo que, cabe ao cirurgião avaliar cada paciente individualmente e ajustar a dieta às necessidades do paciente e às condições clínicas associadas.
OBJECTIVE: To validate the need for prescribing low-fat diet in the prevention or reduction of dyspeptic symptoms in the postoperative period in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: We selected 40 patients, free of liver or pancreatic disease, biliary gallstones, gastritis, ulcer, diabetes and dyslipidemia, who were divided into two groups. We conducted dietary anamnesis, identification of dyspepsia before the onset of cholelithiasis and guidance on appropriate postoperatively feeding (normal or low-fat). We used the chi-square test and Pearson correlation for statistical assessment, considering p d" 0.05 as significant. RESULTS: When comparing the two groups of patients without preoperative dyspepsia, it was observed that in group I seven patients (63.6%) were asymptomatic and in group II, four (66.7%). In group I, four (36.4%) had onset of symptoms and in group II, two (33.3%), p = 0.684. When correlating the two groups with preoperative dyspeptic symptoms, it was observed that there was permanence, appearance or disappearance of symptoms postoperatively, p = 0.114. CONCLUSION: There was no significant effect of low-fat diet in the prevention of gastrointestinal symptoms, especially in preoperatively asymptomatic patients. Thus, there is no need of a low-fat diet. So, it is up to the surgeon to evaluate each patient individually and adjust the diet to his/her needs and clinical conditions.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Colecistectomía Laparoscópica , Dieta con Restricción de Grasas , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Lípidos/administración & dosificación , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & controlRESUMEN
α-Galactosidases has the potential to hydrolyze α-1-6 linkages in raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO). Aspergillus terreus cells cultivated on wheat bran produced three extracellular forms of α-galactosidases (E1, E2, and E3). E1 and E2 α-galactosidases presented maximal activities at pH 5, while E3 α-galactosidase was more active at pH 5.5. The E1 and E2 enzymes showed stability for 6 h at pH 4-7. Maximal activities were determined at 60, 55, and 50 °C, for E1, E2, and E3 α-galactosidase, respectively. E2 α-galactosidase retained 90% of its initial activity after 70 h at 50 °C. The enzymes hydrolyzed ρNPGal, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, and E1 and E2 enzymes were able to hydrolyze guar gum and locust bean gum substrates. E1 and E3 α-galactosidases were completely inhibited by Hg²âº, Agâº, and Cu²âº. The treatment of RFO present in soy milk with the enzymes showed that E1 α-galactosidase reduced the stachyose content to zero after 12 h of reaction, while E2 promoted total hydrolysis of raffinose. The complete removal of the oligosaccharides in soy milk could be reached by synergistic action of both enzymes.
Asunto(s)
Aspergillus/enzimología , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Glycine max/química , Leche de Soja/metabolismo , alfa-Galactosidasa , Aspergillus/química , Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Estabilidad de Enzimas , Galactanos/metabolismo , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Hidrólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Cinética , Mananos/metabolismo , Melibiosa/metabolismo , Metales Pesados/farmacología , Oligosacáridos/metabolismo , Gomas de Plantas/metabolismo , Rafinosa/metabolismo , Leche de Soja/química , Especificidad por Sustrato , Temperatura , alfa-Galactosidasa/química , alfa-Galactosidasa/aislamiento & purificación , alfa-Galactosidasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
En el año 2005 se celebró la reunión de Consenso de Maastricht III en la que se trazaron lineamientos para el enfoque terapéutico de la infección por Helicobacter pylori. En este trabajo se hace un análisis de la indicación de tratar a los pacientes dispépticos no estudiados y los dispépticos no ulcerosos con terapia de erradicación de la bacteria a lo que se concede un nivel de evidencia 1a y un grado de recomendación A en esa reunión de expertos. Se llama la atención sobre la discordancia entre la significación estadística encontrada en un trabajo controlado y aleatorizado y una Revisión Sistemática Cochrane sobre la dispepsia funcional y su relevancia clínica. Se señala que el Consenso de Maastricht basa sus recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento de la dispepsia en dichos trabajos. Se destacan los peligros emanados de los efectos colaterales adversos que conlleva la aplicación de terapia de erradicación del Helicobacter pylori en una población de pacientes de tan vastas dimensiones entre los que figuran el retraso en la realización de un diagnóstico temprano de las causas orgánicas de la dispepsia, el enmascaramiento de enfermedades malignas gástricas, el desarrollo de resistencia bacteriana y la afectación de la microbiota intestinal(AU)
The Maastrich III Consensus Meeting, in which the guidelines for the therapeutic approach of Helicobacter pylori infection were laid down was celebrated in 2005. In this paper, it is made an analysis of the indication of treating non-studied dyspeptic patients and non-ulcerous dyspectic with erradication therapy of the bacterium, which was given a level of evidence 1 A and a recommendation degree A in this meeting of experts. The attention was called on the discordance between the statistical significance found in a controlled and randomized work and a Cochrane Systematic Review on functional dyspepsia and its clinical importance. It is stressed that the Maastricht Consensus bases its recommendations on the treatment of dyspepsia suggested in these papers. The delay in the making of an early diagnosis of the organic causes of dyspepsia, the masking of malignant gastric diseases, the development of bacterial resistance and the affectation of the intestinal microbiota are among the dangers resulting from the adverse side effects of the application of an eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori in a population of patients of so vast dimensions(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Dispepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Dispepsia/diagnóstico , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Bismuto/uso terapéutico , Metronidazol/uso terapéutico , Amoxicilina/uso terapéutico , Tetraciclina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
En el año 2005 se celebró la reunión de Consenso de Maastricht III en la que se trazaron lineamientos para el enfoque terapéutico de la infección por Helicobacter pylori. En este trabajo se hace un análisis de la indicación de tratar a los pacientes dispépticos no estudiados y los dispépticos no ulcerosos con terapia de erradicación de la bacteria a lo que se concede un nivel de evidencia 1a y un grado de recomendación A en esa reunión de expertos. Se llama la atención sobre la discordancia entre la significación estadística encontrada en un trabajo controlado y aleatorizado y una Revisión Sistemática Cochrane sobre la dispepsia funcional y su relevancia clínica. Se señala que el Consenso de Maastricht basa sus recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento de la dispepsia en dichos trabajos. Se destacan los peligros emanados de los efectos colaterales adversos que conlleva la aplicación de terapia de erradicación del Helicobacter pylori en una población de pacientes de tan vastas dimensiones entre los que figuran el retraso en la realización de un diagnóstico temprano de las causas orgánicas de la dispepsia, el enmascaramiento de enfermedades malignas gástricas, el desarrollo de resistencia bacteriana y la afectación de la microbiota intestinal.
The Maastrich III Consensus Meeting, in which the guidelines for the therapeutic approach of Helicobacter pylori infection were laid down was celebrated in 2005. In this paper, it is made an analysis of the indication of treating non-studied dyspeptic patients and non-ulcerous dyspectic with erradication therapy of the bacterium, which was given a level of evidence 1 A and a recommendation degree A in this meeting of experts. The attention was called on the discordance between the statistical significance found in a controlled and randomized work and a Cochrane Systematic Review on functional dyspepsia and its clinical importance. It is stressed that the Maastricht Consensus bases its recommendations on the treatment of dyspepsia suggested in these papers. The delay in the making of an early diagnosis of the organic causes of dyspepsia, the masking of malignant gastric diseases, the development of bacterial resistance and the affectation of the intestinal microbiota are among the dangers resulting from the adverse side effects of the application of an eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori in a population of patients of so vast dimensions.