RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We compared usage patterns of two different electronically controlled sit-stand tables during a 2-month intervention period among office workers. BACKGROUND: Office workers spend most of their working time sitting, which is likely detrimental to health. Although the introduction of sit-stand tables has been suggested as an effective intervention to decrease sitting time, limited evidence is available on usage patterns of sit-stand tables and whether patterns are influenced by table configuration. METHOD: Twelve workers were provided with standard sit-stand tables (nonautomated table group) and 12 with semiautomated sit-stand tables programmed to change table position according to a preset pattern, if the user agreed to the system-generated prompt (semiautomated table group). Table position was monitored continuously for 2 months after introducing the tables, as a proxy for sit-stand behavior. RESULTS: On average, the table was in a "sit" position for 85% of the workday in both groups; this percentage did not change significantly during the 2-month period. Switches in table position from sit to stand were, however, more frequent in the semiautomated table group than in the nonautomated table group (0.65 vs. 0.29 hr-1; p = .001). CONCLUSION: Introducing a semiautomated sit-stand table appeared to be an attractive alternative to a standard sit-stand table, because it led to more posture variation. APPLICATION: A semiautomated sit-stand table may effectively contribute to making postures more variable among office workers and thus aid in alleviating negative health effects of extensive sitting.
Asunto(s)
Ergonomía/normas , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Postura/fisiología , Conducta Sedentaria , Lugar de Trabajo/normas , Adulto , HumanosRESUMEN
A alimentação no âmbito militar apresenta a importante tarefa de manutenção da saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi propor uma reestruturação física da unidade produtora de refeição de uma organização militar (OM) na cidade de Natal-RN. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo utilizando a planta baixa atual, e a lista de verificações presente na Portaria nº 854 da Secretaria de Logística, Mobilização, Ciência e Tecnologia (SELOM) de 04 de Julho de2005, que regulamenta as boas práticas em segurança alimentar nas Organizações Militares (OM). Foi analisado um total de 68 itens, divididos, em: localização, edificações e instalações, iluminação, ventilação, piso, teto, paredes portas, janelas, lixo, instalações sanitárias, esgoto, lavatórios para higienização das mãos abastecimento de água e layout. Após avaliar a planta baixa observaram-se várias irregularidades no layout como setorização e distribuição das áreas e fluxograma deficiente. Foi proposto um novo layout para redimensionar o fluxo, e os setores. A proposta da nova unidade consolidou a importância da nutricionista no processo de elaboração e execução do projeto de uma unidade de produtora de refeição (UPR) com a finalidade de minimizar os riscos de contaminação dos alimentos.(AU)
The power in the military presents a major health maintenance task. The aim of the study was to propose a physical restructuring of meal production unit of a military organization (OM) in the city of Natal/RN. A descriptive study was conducted using the current floorplan, and the list of gift checks in Ordinance No. 854 of the Department of Logistics, Mobilizing Science and Technology (Selom) of 4 July 2005, which regulates the good practices in food security in Military Organizations (OM), was analyzed a total of 68 items, divided in: location, buildings and facilities, lighting, ventilation, floor, ceiling, doors, walls, windows, garbage, sanitation, sewerage, sinks for hand washing water supply and layout. After evaluating the floorplan were observed several irregularities in the layout as compartmentalization and distribution of areas and poor flow chart, a new layout was proposed to resize the flow, and sectors. The proposed new unit consolidated the importance of the nutritionist in the drafting and implementation of the project of a unit of meal production (UPR) in order to minimize the risk of food contamination.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/métodos , Instalaciones Militares , Servicios de Alimentación/normas , Nutricionistas , Flujo de TrabajoRESUMEN
Considerando que la inclusión social de personas con discapacidad en los centros de educación es relativamente baja, y tomando en cuenta que a nivel mundial solo un 2% de niños con discapacidad tienen acceso a la educación, se plantea el objetivo de aportar a la inclusión social de niños y niñas con discapacidad motriz en entornos escolares que se acoplen a sus características físicas, para lo cual se planteó una metodología de investigación basada en la definición de 25 variables antropométricas, que sirvieron de guía para la toma de datos antropométricos a una muestra de investigación de 384 niños y niñas que presentan discapacidad motriz leve de la República del Ecuador; obtenido un total de 9600 datos, a los mismos se les aplicó la prueba de Normalidad de Andersons Darling, dando como resultado que todos datos antropométricos se encontraban dentro del rango de normalidad determinado. Así también, con los datos obtenidos se calcularon los percentiles 2,5% y 97,5% con el objetivo de englobar al mayor número de personas en este estudio, además para su posterior análisis comparativo con los medidas especificadas en la Norma Técnica INEN 2583 (2011), obteniendo como resultado una pronunciada disparidad entre ellos, debido a que los primeros se basan en un estudio específico para niños/as con discapacidad motriz, mientras los segundos contemplan medidas estándar para el diseño de sillas y pupitres (mesas) escolares.
Whereas the social inclusion of people with disabilities in education centers is relatively low, and considering that globally only 2% of children with disabilities have access to education, it raises the objective of contribute to the social inclusion of children with motor disabilities in school environments, that fit their physical conditions, for which it is defined a methodology raised on definition of 25 anthropometric variables, which served as a guide for taking anthropometric data to a research sample of 384 children who have mild motor impairment of the Republic of Ecuador, obtained a total of 9600 data, the same was applied test Darling Normality Andersons, resulting that anthropometric data are within the range of normal. Well with the data obtained percentiles were calculated percentile 2.5% and 97.5% in order to encompass the largest number of people in this study, also for subsequent comparative analysis with data INEN Technical Standard 2583 (2011), resulting in a pronounced gap between research data and data from the Standard, because the first is based on a specific study for children with motor disabilities, while the latter measures contemplated school standard for the design of chairs and desks (tables).
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Antropometría , Niños con Discapacidad , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Personas con Discapacidad , Educación Primaria y Secundaria , EcuadorRESUMEN
In order to create safer schools, the Chilean authorities published a Standard regarding school furniture dimensions. The aims of this study are twofold: to verify the existence of positive secular trend within the Chilean student population and to evaluate the potential mismatch between the anthropometric characteristics and the school furniture dimensions defined by the mentioned standard. The sample consists of 3078 subjects. Eight anthropometric measures were gathered, together with six furniture dimensions from the mentioned standard. There is an average increase for some dimensions within the Chilean student population over the past two decades. Accordingly, almost 18% of the students will find the seat height to be too high. Seat depth will be considered as being too shallow for 42.8% of the students. It can be concluded that the Chilean student population has increased in stature, which supports the need to revise and update the data from the mentioned Standard. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Positive secular trend resulted in high levels of mismatch if furniture is selected according to the current Chilean Standard which uses data collected more than 20 years ago. This study shows that school furniture standards need to be updated over time.
Asunto(s)
Ergonomía/normas , Guías como Asunto , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Instituciones Académicas/normas , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Antropometría , Estatura , Niño , Desarrollo Infantil/fisiología , Chile , Diseño de Equipo , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Este estudo averiguo a opinião de 51 estudantes de Terapia Ocupacional da UFPB, sobre cadeira universitária com prancheta fixa. Foi aplicado o Questionário de Satisfação do Produto que investigou: conforto, segurança, adaptação, praticidade, adequação ao trabalho e aparência da carteira, através de escala visual analógica, e o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares para verificação da presença de dor nos segmentos corporais relacionados à utilização da cadeira. Quanto a metodologia, adotou-se a investigação empírica de caráter experimental para mensurar satisfação do usuário, sendo um estudo exploratório que possui elementos descritivos e correlacionais quantitativos. Utilizamos o coeficiente de correlação de Person, o teste Qui- quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher para verificar a associação entre as variáveis pesquisadas. Desta forma percebemos a importância do estudo estrutural aprofundado relacionado aos itens de Design/Ergonomia, realizado por terapeutas ocupacionais e designers, antes da disseminação deste produtos no mercado. Recomenda-se às universidades, aquisição de mobiliário com regulagem de altura/inclinação e profundidade da prancheta, assento e encosto.
This study investigates the opinion of 51 students of Occupational Therapy, of Federal University of Paraíba about their university chair with fixed clipboard. It was the resulting from theapplication of a questionnaire that measured the satisfaction of theobject and investigates: comfort, security, adaptability, practicality,suitability to work and appearance of the chair, using a system of a visual analogue scale. Furthermore, we used the Brazilian version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire to verify the presence of pain in the body segments related to the use of the chair. About the methodology, we adopt the empirical experimentally research to measure the user satisfaction, because it is a exploratory study that has descriptive elements and quantitative correlational. We use the correlation coeffi cient Person, the Chi-square test and the exact Fisher test, to assess the association between the variables studied. Thus, we realize the importance of detailed structural study related to items of Design/Ergonomics, held by occupational therapists and designers, before the spread of this product on the market. Hence, we recommended to the universities, purchasing furniture with height/tilt and with depth on the clipboard, seat and back.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto Joven , Comportamiento del Consumidor , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Ergonomía/normas , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Postura , Postura/fisiología , Estudiantes del Área de la Salud , Movimiento/fisiología , Terapia OcupacionalRESUMEN
Se presenta un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, cuantitativo y de observación directa en el que se evalúan los factores ergoambientales tales como iluminación, ruido y temperatura, al igual que el entorno físico dado por el mobiliario, áreas internas y externas, en las instalaciones de una institución de educación infantil. Se utiliza equipo de medición como el luxómetro EXTECH, sonómetro Quest modelo 1100 tipo 1, termómetro ambiental QUESTemp 34 y un flexómetro Tajima G-Lock de 10 metros. Se analizan los criterios de las Normas Oficiales Mexicanas y del Instituto Nacional de la Infraestructura Física y Educativa comparándolos con los resultados. Se encuentra que la iluminación en las aulas incumple con los parámetros de la norma. La temperatura se detecta normal y el nivel de ruido es crítico en ciertas horas de la mañana. Se recomienda realizar el estudio en épocas de frío y calor extremo respectivamente para determinar si los parámetros son los correctos. Cambiar el tipo de iluminación y mobiliario en los salones de clases y taller de juegos así como establecer programas preventivos de mantenimiento para disminuir el ruido. De igual manera, aplicar este estudio en otras escuelas de iniciación infantil.
An exploratory, descriptive, quantitative and direct observation study is presented, in which environmental ergonomic factors such as illumination, noise and temperature, as the the physical environment given by furniture, indoor and outdoor areas are evaluated in the facilities of a childhood education institution. Measuring equipment as the light meter EXTECH, sound level meter Quest Model 1100 Type 1, environmental thermometer QUESTemp 34 and a tape measure Tajima G-Lock of 10 meters. Criteria of Mexican Official Standards and the National Institute of Physical Education Infrastructure are analyzed and compared with the results. It is found that the illumination in classrooms violates the standard parameters. Normal temperature is detected and the noise level is critical in certain hours of the morning. It is recommended to perform the study in times of extreme heat and cold respectively to determine if the parameters are correct. Changing the type of illumination and furniture in classrooms and game workshops and establishing preventive maintenance programs to reduce noise as well. In a like manner, apply this study to other schools of child initiation.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Instituciones Académicas , Condiciones de Trabajo , Escuelas de Párvulos , Ergonomía/normas , Seguridad , Temperatura , Iluminación/normas , Infraestructura , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , México , Ruido en el Ambiente de TrabajoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of school furniture and work surface lighting on the body posture of public Middle School students from Paraíba (Brazil). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The survey was carried out in two public schools and the target population for the study included 8th grade groups involving a total of 31 students. Brazilian standards for lighting levels, the CEBRACE standards for furniture measurements and the Postural Assessment Software (SAPO) for the postural misalignment assay were adopted for the measurements comparison. The statistic analysis includes analyses of parametric and non-parametric correlations. RESULTS: The results show that the students' most affected parts of the body were the spine, the regions of the knees and head and neck, with 90% of the total number of students presenting postural misalignment. The lighting levels were usually found below 300 lux, below recommended levels. The statistic analysis show that the more adequate the furniture seems to be to the user, the less the user will complain of pain. CONCLUSIONS: Such results indicate the need of investments in more suitable school furniture and structural reforms aimed at improving the lighting in the classrooms, which could fulfill the students' profile and reduce their complaints.
Asunto(s)
Ergonomía/psicología , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Iluminación , Equilibrio Postural/fisiología , Postura/fisiología , Instituciones Académicas , Estudiantes/psicología , Adolescente , Antropometría , Brasil , Niño , Ergonomía/normas , Humanos , Iluminación/efectos adversos , Masculino , Movimiento/fisiología , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/complicaciones , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/psicología , Rango del Movimiento Articular/fisiología , Estándares de Referencia , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This paper shows the general design conditions about ergonomics and safety for control centers in the petrochemical process industry. Some of the topics include guidelines for the optimized workstation design, control room layout, building layout, and lighting, acoustical and environmental design. Also takes into account the safety parameters in the control rooms and centers design. The conditions and parameters shown in this paper come from the standards and global advances on this topic on the most recent publications. And also the work was supplemented by field visits of our team to the control center operations in a petrochemical company, and technical literature search efforts. This guideline will be useful to increase the productivity and improve the working conditions at the control rooms.
Asunto(s)
Industria Química , Ergonomía , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Seguridad , Acústica , Guías como Asunto , Humanos , Iluminación , Salud LaboralRESUMEN
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of school furniture and work surface lighting on the body posture of two public Middle School students from Paraíba (Brazil). The target population included 8th grade groups involving 31 students. Brazilian standards for lighting levels, the CEBRACE standards for furniture measurements and the Postural Assessment Software (SAPO) for the postural misalignment assay were adopted for the measurements comparison. The statistic analysis includes analyses of parametric and non-parametric correlations. The results show that the students' most affected parts of the body were the spine, the regions of the knees and head and neck and about 90% of the students presented postural misalignment. The lighting levels were usually found below 300 lux, below recommended levels. Such results indicate the need of investments in more suitable school furniture and structural reforms aimed at improving the lighting in the classrooms, which could fulfill the students' profile and reduce their complaints.
Asunto(s)
Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Iluminación/normas , Dolor Musculoesquelético/etiología , Postura , Brasil , Cabeza/fisiología , Humanos , Rodilla/fisiología , Cuello/fisiología , Columna Vertebral/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The furniture ergonomic evaluation was carried out through the use of questionnaires and forms in industries. For the ergonomic product analysis, it was used the methodology "Object Ergonomics - Ergonomic System Technical Reading" (design goals and management actions), and measurements of products. The values achieved were compared with the standard dimensions, and the compliance or non-compliance of the furniture to it was assessed. In relation to the dimensions of the bed, the following variables did not comply with the norms: external and internal length, external and internal width, height and width of the sidebar and distance to the floor. The dimensions of these variables were above the recommended values. The double bed was inadequate for management actions and maintenance. Since the kitchen cabinet is a product that went through physical testing and follows national standards; the finish used is powder coating. The kitchen cabinet proved to be appropriate in all design requirements and for management actions. Both furniture pieces were inadequate, considering the difficulty for maintenance when a product or part of it was damaged. It was recommended the creation of regulatory standards for the production of safe and comfortable furniture.
Asunto(s)
Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Ergonomía , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Árboles , Lechos/normas , Brasil , MaderaAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Ergonomía , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Instituciones Académicas/normas , Antropometría , Equilibrio PosturalRESUMEN
The current paper deals with the definition of sizes for the design of school furniture for schools in Bogotá, Colombia, based on an analysis of available anthropometric data on Latin American children. State-of-the-art anthropometric, national and international standards were considered, in order to define the anthropometric variables that were to be used for defining the furniture. Matrices relating age and specific anthropometric dimensions were constructed, as a visualization method for establishing the dimensional differences between children of the same age and the ranges that should be covered by the items of furniture. Dimensional data were grouped by establishing the minimum sizes and general dimensions of furniture needed to cover the 5-95th percentile of school children between the ages of 5 and 18 years. The distribution of the furniture in the different school grades was also indicated. Apart from the need for an adequate match between child anthropometry and school furniture dimensions, this study shows the importance of a proper distribution of furniture sizes in the different school grades, as a complementary and decisive aspect to be considered in order to meet the heterogenic, anthropometrical requirements of children of the same age and school grade.
Asunto(s)
Antropometría , Diseño de Equipo/normas , Ergonomía , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Instituciones Académicas , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Antropometría/métodos , Niño , Preescolar , Colombia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Grupos Raciales , Estudiantes/clasificaciónRESUMEN
El mobiliario escolar inadecuado es considerado como la razón de problemas posturales severos durante la edad adulta. Objetivo: evaluar las alturas de mesas y sillas utilizadas por los párvulos de la Junta Nacional de Jardínes Infantiles (JUNJI). Se midió una muestra de 42 niñas y 40 niños entre 1 y 5 años de edad, de un universo de 1.613 que asistían a 8 jardínes infantiles de la comuna de La Pintana. Los resultados permiten concluir que las alturas del asiento y mesa utilizadas en el Nivel Sala Cuna no se ajustan a las características antropométricas de estos párvulos. La altura de la mesa actualmente utilizada en los niveles Medio y Transición, tampoco son adecuados y la altura del asiento correspondiente, permite acomodar sólo al 29 por ciento de estos párvulos. Para acomodar a los párvulos de los niveles considerados (Sala Cuna, Medio y Transición) se requieren 3 tamaños de mobiliario; actualmente se utilizan 2. Los resultados de este estudio evidencian la necesidad de desarrollar un estudio de mayor envergadura, utilizando una muestra representativa de los párvulos a nivel nacional. En un proyecto como éste, es recomendable la formación de una equipo interdisciplinario.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Preescolar , Femenino , Antropometría , Pesos y Medidas Corporales , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Escuelas de Párvulos , Escuelas de Párvulos , ChileRESUMEN
The computer usage has become essential nowadays and the Nursing staff meeting this technological improvement has been assimilating it in practice, which is started in Graduation course. As users of the computer division from a Nursing School we have observed students' complaints related to adequacy of the furniture used, then, we were interested in developing this research which has as object to analyze the furniture from the computer division according to the ergonomic recommendations and identify body posture adopted by the students in typing activity. The procedures used were performed in three stages, which were: free supervision of environment and furniture measure, surveillance of body posture and interviews. The results pointed out that the furniture is inappropriate referring to: fixed counter without foot support, without document case; chairs are not regulative, back support width out of recommended standards, there are no armrest and wheels, there are only four legs and the covering is slimy and stiff. Only in 18.6% of the observation period the students adopted to perfect posture in typing activity, that is, upright spinal column, elbows at the same level of the counter, deflected legs and supported feet. It is suggested that the workplace be planned for typing from known facts related to anthropometric dimension of the users and use of proper furniture in order to obtain a concordant set among furniture, milieu and user providing comfort and avoiding health problems.
Asunto(s)
Ergonomía , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Microcomputadores , Postura , Estudiantes de Enfermería/psicología , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Humanos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Descreve a padronização do material imobilizado do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição. Apresenta o desenho e as medidas do mobiliário.
Asunto(s)
Administración Hospitalaria , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normasRESUMEN
En este trabajo se analiza información antropométrica obtenida de estudiantes de colegios de Concepción, con el propósito de evaluar los criterios de diseño de mobiliaria escolar actualmente empleados en nuestro país. Se pudo detectar que el mobiliario propuesto por el Ministerio de Educación, presenta deficiencias para acomodar dentro de criterios ergonómicos a estudiantes de Enseñanza Básica y Media. Los principales problemas son originados por la altura de pupitres y asientos, asi como también, por la cantidad de tamaños de mobiliarios propuestos. Más aún, se estimó que dicho mobiliario permitiría acomodar solo a un 10% de los estudiantes evaluados
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normas , Ergonomía , Servicios de Salud Escolar , AntropometríaAsunto(s)
Consultorios Odontológicos/organización & administración , Consultorios Odontológicos/provisión & distribución , Equipo Dental/provisión & distribución , Endodoncia/organización & administración , Instrumentos Dentales/provisión & distribución , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/clasificación , Diseño Interior y Mobiliario/normasRESUMEN
Investigación basada en las mediciones antropológicas de 278 niños (130 mujeres y 148 varones) asistentes a la guardería infantil (CENDIS) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), ubicada en la Ciudad Universitaria. Se determinó, en primer lugar, la estatura de los menores allí albergados; en seguida, se efectuaron mediciones que permitieran determinar los siguientes puntos: la altura del asiento desde el piso, su inclinación óptima en relación con el plano horizontal, además de la anchura, profundidad anteroposterior, altura y anchura del respaldo, así como la altura de la superficie de trabajo de la mesa, todo ello en relación con las características antropométricas de los niños que quedaron ubicadas en tres grupos que ameritan tres modelos de mobiliario