RESUMEN
The synergistic effects of plasma-activated water (PAW) and twin-screw extrusion (TSE) on the structural, physicochemical, antioxidant, and digestive properties of yam flour (YF) were studied. Compared to common TSE, PAW-TSE reduced the protein, starch, and polyphenol contents, swelling power, and gel property of YF, while PAW-TSE enhanced the flavonoid content, whiteness index, solubility, and antioxidant property of YF. Moreover, the results of structural characterization and differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the long-range or short-range ordering, and gelatinization enthalpy of starch in YF were reduced after PAW-TSE, while the structure ordering of proteins in YF increased. Furthermore, the in vitro digestibility results demonstrated a reduction in the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis, coupled with an increase in total contents of slowly digestible and resistant starch after PAW-TSE. It should be noted that TSE using PAW prepared by a longer plasma treatment resulted in a more significant improvement effect on YF.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Digestión , Dioscorea , Harina , Solubilidad , Almidón , Agua , Antioxidantes/química , Dioscorea/química , Harina/análisis , Agua/química , Almidón/química , Almidón/metabolismo , Manipulación de AlimentosRESUMEN
In this study, pullulanase-assisted bamboo leaf flavonoids (BLF) were employed to ameliorate limitations of fluidity and digestibility of cooked yam flour via physicochemical properties, digestion, structure and interaction analysis. The results showed that 1) Pullulanase-assisted BLF significantly increased the water solubility (9.02% â 69.38%) and inhibited the swelling (5.54 g/g â 2.29 g/g) during heating and cooling of yam flour, causing it to have liquid-like rheological properties (the tanδ tended to 1). 2) Pullulanase and BLF synergistically affected the anti-digestion of yam flour, reducing the estimated glycemic index to a lower level (58.27 â 48.26, dose-dependent of BLF). 3) Pullulanase-assisted BLF mainly interacted hydrophobic with various components, especially starch, increasing the short/long-range ordered structure of starch, changing the secondary structure of proteins, and forming a tight three-dimensional network structure. This study provided a theoretical foundation for the development of functional foods using yam flour and its potential application in liquid foods.
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Digestión , Dioscorea , Flavonoides , Harina , Glicósido Hidrolasas , Hojas de la Planta , Harina/análisis , Flavonoides/química , Glicósido Hidrolasas/química , Glicósido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/química , Dioscorea/química , Humanos , Solubilidad , Culinaria , Almidón/química , Almidón/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Bambusa/químicaRESUMEN
Zearalenone contaminates food and poses a threat to human health. It is vital to develop cost-effective and environmentally-friendly adsorbents for its removal. By screening Sporobolomyces pararoseus (SZ4) and modified yam starch (adsorption capacity (qe) of 1.33 and 0.94 mg/g, respectively), this study prepared a novel composite aerogel adsorbent (P-YSA@SZ410). The compressive strength of P-YSA@SZ410 was 1.35-fold higher than unloaded yeast. It contained several functional groups and three-dimensional interconnected channels, achieving a 0° contact angle within 0.18 s, thereby demonstrating excellent water-absorbent properties. With a qe of 2.96 mg/g at 308 K, the adsorption process of P-YSA@SZ410 was spontaneous, endothermic, and matched pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. The composite adsorbed zearalenone via electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding, maintaining a qe of 2.24 mg/g after five cycles. P-YSA@SZ410 was found to remove zearalenone effectively under various conditions and could be applied to corn silk tea, indicating its great potential as an adsorbent material.
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Almidón , Zea mays , Zearalenona , Zearalenona/química , Almidón/química , Zea mays/química , Adsorción , Dioscorea/química , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Porosidad , Basidiomycota/química , Geles/química , CinéticaRESUMEN
In order to achieve rapid and effective identification of Hebei yam, a qualitative discrimination model was constructed based on near infrared (NIR), mid infrared (MIR), and microscopic Raman spectra in combination with individual spectra and multispectral data fusion strategies. The results showed that the gray wolf optimizer-support vector machine (GWO-SVM) model constructed by mid-level fusion using the three feature spectra performed the best in distinguishing the geographic origin of the yam, with a prediction accuracy of 100.00% in both the training set and the test set, and an F1 score of 1.00. The results indicated that due to spectral complementarity, NIR, MIR and Raman combined with feature-level fusion can be used as a powerful, non-destructive, fast and feasible tool for geographic origin classification and brand protection of Hebei yam. This work is expected to be a potential method for origin identification analysis and quality monitoring in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Asunto(s)
Dioscorea , Espectrometría Raman , Dioscorea/química , Dioscorea/clasificación , Análisis Discriminante , Espectrometría Raman/métodos , Máquina de Vectores de Soporte , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta/métodosRESUMEN
The Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya, DP) is promising for the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its nutritional value and pharmaceutical potential. Its proper cultivation is therefore of interest. An insufficient supply of minerals necessary for plant growth can be manifested by discoloration of the leaves. In our earlier study, magnesium deficiency was excluded as a cause. As a follow-up, this work focused on manganese and molybdenum. To quantify both minerals in leaf extracts of DP, analytical methods based on atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) using the graphite furnace sub-technique were devised. The development revealed that the quantification of manganese works best without using any of the investigated modifiers. The optimized pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were 1300 °C and 1800 °C, respectively. For the analysis of molybdenum, calcium proved to be advantageous as a modifier. The optimum temperatures were 1900 °C and 2800 °C, respectively. Both methods showed satisfactory linearity for analysis. Thus, they were applied to quantify extracts from normal and discolored leaves of DP concerning the two minerals. It was found that discolored leaves had higher manganese levels and a lower molybdenum content. With these results, a potential explanation for the discoloration could be found.
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Dioscorea , Manganeso , Molibdeno , Hojas de la Planta , Espectrofotometría Atómica , Molibdeno/análisis , Molibdeno/química , Manganeso/análisis , Hojas de la Planta/química , Espectrofotometría Atómica/métodos , Dioscorea/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/análisisRESUMEN
Consumer demand for functional foods has increased, helping to popularize and increase the consumption of Kombucha. Other substrates have been used together with tea to improve the functional and sensory properties of the beverage. Thus, this study evaluated the comprehensive biochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of kombuchas fermented with green tea (Camellia sinensis) and different concentrations of yam (0, 10, and 20 % w/v). Based on pre-tests to detect the best concentration of yam in the beverage (10, 20, 30, and 40 %) and fermentation time (5, 7, and 14 days),the concentrations of 10 and 20 % of yam and five days of fermentation were selected through pH, °Brix, and sensory analysis. During the kombucha fermentation, there was a decrease in °Brix and pH. Sucrose, glucose, fructose, citric, and succinic acids were related to the beginning of fermentation, and lactic and acetic acids were more related to the end of fermentation in the treatment containing 20 % yam. The fermentation time did not change the color of the kombucha. Fatty acids, phenols, terpenoids, and alcohols were the volatile groups with the most compounds identified. Only two yeast genera were identified (Brettanomyces bruxellensis and Pichia membranifaciens), and bacteria of the genera Acetobacter, Lactobacillus, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, and Enterobacter. The beverage control showed less turbidity and more clear. The fruity descriptor was more perceived in treatments with yam. However, the perception of the apple descriptor decreases as the yam concentration increases. The yam's concentration alters the kombucha's microbiota and sensory characteristics, mainly appearance and acidity. Kombucha fermentation using yam extract is viable, and the product is sensorially accepted. However, technological improvements, such as yam flour, could be made mainly for appearance and taste attributes.
Asunto(s)
Dioscorea , Fermentación , Gusto , Dioscorea/química , Dioscorea/microbiología , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Levaduras/metabolismo , Levaduras/clasificación , Camellia sinensis/microbiología , Camellia sinensis/química , Adulto , Té de Kombucha/microbiología , Té de Kombucha/análisis , Alimentos Funcionales , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A group of previously undescribed diarylheptanoids with mono/di-glucose substitution, diodiarylheptosides A-F (1-6), together with six known diarylheptanoids (7-12) were isolated from the rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponica. Their structures were established by comprehensive UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and NMR analyses, and their absolute configurations were determined by a comparison of calculated and experimental ECD, some with optical rotations, after acid-hydrolysis. Moreover, bioassay results showed that compounds 3 and 11 exhibited stronger NO inhibitions on lipopolysaccharides-induced RAW 264.7 cells, with the IC50 values of 14.91 ± 0.62 and 12.78 ± 1.12 µM.
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Diarilheptanoides , Dioscorea , Glicósidos , Fitoquímicos , Rizoma , Dioscorea/química , Rizoma/química , Diarilheptanoides/aislamiento & purificación , Diarilheptanoides/química , Diarilheptanoides/farmacología , Ratones , Células RAW 264.7 , Estructura Molecular , Animales , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/química , Glicósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Glicósidos/química , Glicósidos/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , ChinaRESUMEN
Diabetes is a significant global health challenge, affecting circa 540 million adults worldwide. Dioscorea dumetorum, a Nigerian folkloric antidiabetic plant is severely understudied in terms of its bioactive phytochemical constituents. Antidiabetic guided isolation of the tubers and peels of D. dumetorum afforded three phytoecdysteroids bearing a cis-fused A/B ring junction including two new ones: 24-hydroxymuristerone A (1) and 24-hydroxykaladasterone (2), alongside the known muristerone A (3). Additionally, 2,2',7,7'-tetramethoxy-[1,1'-biphenanthrene]-4,4',6,6'-tetraol (4), batatasin I (5), and dihydroresveratrol (6) were isolated. Structural elucidation relied on spectroscopic, spectrometric methods, and comparison with existing literature. The ethyl acetate extracts of both the tubers and peels of D. dumetorum exhibited the highest phenolic content, correlating with potent antioxidant activity. Compounds 4 (IC50 = 0.10 mg/mL) and 6 (IC50 = 0.22 mg/mL) demonstrated superior inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase compared to acarbose (IC50 = 0.63 mg/mL). In contrast, compounds 3, 4, and 5 showed reduced α-amylase inhibition, with IC50 values of 2.58, 3.78, and 1.12 mg/mL, respectively, compared to acarbose (IC50 = 0.42 mg/mL). These observed bioactivities validate the traditional use of D. dumetorum and contribute valuable phytochemical data to the scientific literature of the species.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Dioscorea , Hipoglucemiantes , Fitoquímicos , Tubérculos de la Planta , Dioscorea/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Estructura Molecular , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Tubérculos de la Planta/química , Ecdisteroides/aislamiento & purificación , Ecdisteroides/farmacología , Ecdisteroides/química , Nigeria , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/aislamiento & purificación , alfa-Glucosidasas/metabolismo , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Yam is a significant staple food and starch source, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, holding the fourth position among the world's top ten tuber crops. Yam tubers are rich in essential nutrients and a diverse range of beneficial plant compounds, which contribute to their multifaceted beneficial functions. Furthermore, the abundant starch and resistant starch (RS) content in yam can fulfil the market demand for RS. The inherent and modified properties of yam starch and RS make them versatile ingredients for a wide range of food products, with the potential to become one of the most cost-effective raw materials in the food industry. In recent years, research on yam RS has experienced progressive expansion. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the latest research findings on yam starch and its RS, elucidating the feasibility of commercial RS production and the technology's impact on the physical and chemical properties of starch. Yam has emerged as a promising reservoir of tuber starch for sustainable RS production, with thermal, chemical, enzymatic and combination treatments proving to be effective manufacturing procedures for RS. The adaptability of yam RS allows for a wide range of food applications.
Asunto(s)
Dioscorea , Almidón , Dioscorea/química , Almidón/química , Tubérculos de la Planta/química , Almidón Resistente , Valor NutritivoRESUMEN
This article compared the effects of hot air drying (HAD), infrared drying (IRD), and cold plasma (CP) as a pretreatment on the structure, quality, and digestive characteristics of starch extracted from yam. As the most commonly used drying method, HAD was used as a control. SEM and CLSM images showed that all treatments preserve the integrity of the yam starch. CP caused some cracks and breaks in the starch granules. IRD did not destroy the crystal structure of starch molecules, but made the spiral structure tighter and increased short-range orderliness. However, CP led to the depolymerization and dispersion of starch molecular chains, resulting in a decrease in average molecular weight and relative crystallinity. These molecular conformation changes caused by different processes led to differences in solubility, swelling power, pasting parameters, digestion characteristics, and functional characteristics. This study provided an important basis for the reasonable drying preparation and utilization of yam starch.
Asunto(s)
Desecación , Dioscorea , Gases em Plasma , Solubilidad , Almidón , Almidón/química , Dioscorea/química , Gases em Plasma/química , Desecación/métodos , Peso MolecularRESUMEN
The extraction of active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine has received considerable attentions. In this study, 16 kinds of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) with ultrasonic were selected to extract saponins from purple yam root and the extraction mechanism was investigated. The results showed that chloride/acrylic acid (1:2; n/n) had the highest extraction yield for saponins. The optimal extraction process parameters were 24% water content, 20 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, and ultrasonic extraction for 85 min (81 °C, 600 W). The extraction rate (ER) of purple yam saponins was 0.935%, close to the fitted result of 96.5 mg/g. Molecular dynamics simulations and FT-IR results showed that the NADES may extract the saponin constituents from purple yam through hydrogen bonding. Compared with traditional extraction methods and molecularly imprinted polymer methods, NADES has a higher ER and lower cost (1.53 $/g), which provides a reference for subsequent industrial quantitative production.
Asunto(s)
Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos , Dioscorea , Saponinas , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificación , Dioscorea/química , Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos/química , Ultrasonido , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Permeabilidad , Fraccionamiento Químico/métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/aislamiento & purificación , Raíces de Plantas/químicaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Dioscoreae Rhizoma, a kind of Chinese yam, is a medicinal and edible plant used in China for strengthening the spleen and stomach. However, there is a lack of modern pharmacology studies regarding its anti-gastric injury activity. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of Chinese yam aqueous extract (CYW) and evaluate its gastroprotective effects against ethanol-induced gastric injury in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The active components of CYW were identified using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS in combination with the GNPS molecular networking and network pharmacology. In vitro studies were performed in the RAW264.7/GES-1 cell coculture system. In vivo study, mice were treated with CYW (0.31, 0.63, and 3.14 g/kg BW, orally) for 14 days, followed by a single oral dose of ethanol (10 mL/kg BW) to induce gastric injury. The biochemical, inflammation and oxidative stress markers were analyzed using commercial kits. Histopathology was used to assess the degree of gastric injury. Gene and protein expressions were studied using RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: CYW significantly restored the levels of SOD, GPx and CAT, and reduced the MDA content. Further analyses showed that CYW significantly alleviated the gastric oxidative stress by inhibiting the inflammation via decreasing p-NF-κB and p-IκB-α expression levels and inhibiting the generation of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1ß. At the same time, the fraction remarkably upregulated Bcl-2, downregulated Bax and increased growth factor secretion, thereby prevented gastric mucous cell. Besides, The combination of HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, GNPS molecular networking analysis, and network pharmacology demonstrated that linoleic acid, 3-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, adenosine, aminocaproic acid, tyramine, DL-tryptophan, cycloleucine, lactulose, melibiose, alpha-beta-trehalose, and sucrose would be the main active compounds of CYW against ethanol-induced gastric injury. CONCLUSION: This study showed that CYW is potentially rich source of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds. It showed efficacy against ethanol-induced gastric injury by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the stomach. The results of the current work indicate that Dioscoreae Rhizoma could be utilized as a type of natural resource for production of new medicine and functional foods to prevent and/or ameliorate ethanol-induced gastric injury.
Asunto(s)
Dioscorea , Etanol , Extractos Vegetales , Rizoma , Animales , Etanol/química , Dioscorea/química , Ratones , Masculino , Rizoma/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Mucosa Gástrica/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Humanos , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
SCOPE: The decline in estrogen during menopause contributes to a variety of menopausal symptoms, for which hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been extensively applied. Regarding side effects and limited effectiveness of HRT for specific individuals, there is a growing interest in safe alternatives such as phytoestrogens which are structurally analogous to estrogens. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of yam and gromwell extracts, rich in bioactive compounds, and the synergistic effect of extracts on symptoms induced by estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: OVX mice receive dietary intervention of either yam, gromwell extract, or their mixture for 14 weeks. Sham-operated mice and E2-injected OVX mice serve as positive controls. Following 14 weeks of oral administration, blood, adipose tissue, vagina, uterus, femurs, and tibias are harvested for further investigation. Consequently, yam and gromwell extracts ameliorate menopausal conditions such as weight gain, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis in estrogen-deficient OVX mice. In addition, the mixture of yam and gromwell extracts synergistically aids in the relief of the indications. CONCLUSION: These results indicate the potential use of yam and gromwell extracts, as well as their mixture, for the development of healthy functional foods to modulate menopausal symptoms.
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Dioscorea , Menopausia , Ovariectomía , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Femenino , Dioscorea/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Menopausia/efectos de los fármacos , Útero/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Fitoestrógenos/farmacología , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Osteoporosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteoporosis/prevención & control , Estrógenos/farmacología , Estrógenos/deficienciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. has been used for wound care in Thailand. However, a comprehensive evaluation of its antibacterial activity is required. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of D. bulbifera extract against skin-associated bacteria and isolate and characterize its active antibacterial agent, flavanthrinin. METHODS: Air-dried bulbils of D. bulbifera were pulverised and extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, and distilled water; vacuum filtered; concentrated; freeze-dried; and stored at -20 ºC. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was assessed using microdilution techniques against several skin-associated bacteria. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioautography was used to identify the active compounds in the extract, which were fractionated by column chromatography and purified by preparative TLC. The chemical structures of the purified compounds were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The cytotoxicity of the extract and its active compounds was evaluated in Vero cells. RESULTS: The ethyl acetate extract exhibited distinct inhibition zones against bacteria compared to other extracts. Therefore, the ethyl acetate extract of D. bulbifera in the ethyl acetate layer was used for subsequent analyses. D. bulbifera extract exhibited antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.78-1.56 mg/mL. An active compound, identified through TLC-bioautography, demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity, with MICs of 0.02-0.78 mg/mL. NMR analysis identified this bioactive compound as flavanthrinin. Both D. bulbifera extract and flavanthrinin-containing fraction demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and S. epidermidis. The flavanthrinin containing fraction demonstrated low cytotoxicity against Vero cells, showing CC50 values of 0.41 ± 0.03 mg/mL. These values are lower than the MIC value, indicating that this fraction is safer than the initial ethyl acetate extract. CONCLUSIONS: Dioscorea bulbifera extract and its bioactive component flavanthrinin demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against the skin-associated bacteria Staphylococci, including MRSA. Flavanthrinin has potential as a complementary therapeutic agent for managing skin infections owing to its potent antibacterial effects and low cytotoxicity.
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Antibacterianos , Dioscorea , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Células Vero , Chlorocebus aethiops , Animales , Dioscorea/química , Tailandia , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This study investigated the impact of ultrasound treatment on dioscorin, the primary storage protein found in yam tubers. Three key factors, namely ultrasound power, duration, and frequency, were focused on. The research revealed that ultrasound-induced cavitation effects disrupted non-covalent bonds, resulting in a reduction in α-helix and ß-sheet contents, decreased thermal stability, and a decrease in the apparent hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of dioscorin. Additionally, previously hidden amino acid groups within the molecule became exposed on its surface, resulting in increased surface hydrophobicity (Ho) and zeta-potential. Under specific ultrasound conditions (200 W, 25 kHz, 30 min), Dh decreased while Ho increased, facilitating the adsorption of dioscorin molecules onto the oil-water interface. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that at lower frequencies and pressures, the structural flexibility of dioscorin's main chain atoms increased, leading to more significant fluctuations between amino acid residues. This transformation improved dioscorin's emulsifying properties and its oil-water interface affinity.
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Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Dioscorea/química , Emulsiones/química , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Ondas UltrasónicasRESUMEN
This study explore the molecular mechanism of the synergistic effect of Chinese Yam polysaccharides and nucleoside analogues(NAs) on hepatitis B virus(HBV) resistance. Different concentrations of Chinese Yam polysaccharide and entecavir were ad-ded to HepG2.2.15 cells. After the cytotoxicity was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8), the optimal concentration and time of the two drugs to inhibit HepG2.2.15 cells were screened out. They were divided into control group, Chinese Yam polysaccharide group, entecavir group and combination drug group(Chinese Yam polysaccharide + entecavir). The drugs were added to HepG2.2.15 cells, ELISA was used to detect the effects of each group of drugs on the secretion of hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus e antigen(HBeAg) in cell supernatant, probe quantitative real-time PCR(probe qRT-PCR) was used to detect the effects of drugs on HBV-DNA in HepG2.2.15 cells, and Western blot was used to detect the effects of each group of drugs on the expression of p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NTCP proteins in HepG2.2.15 cells. The qRT-PCR was used to detect the effect of drugs on the expression of p38 MAPK and NTCP mRNA in HepG2.2.15 cells. The results showed that compared with control group, the concentrations of HBeAg and HBsAg in Chinese Yam polysaccharide group, entecavir group and combination group decreased(P<0.01 or P<0.001), and both of them inhibited HBV-DNA in HepG2.2.15 cells(P<0.01), and the HBV-DNA inhibition of HepG2.2.15 cells in the combination group was more obvious(P<0.001), and the protein expression levels of p-p38 MAPK and NTCP were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01), the mRNA expression level of p38 MAPK increased, and the mRNA expression level of NTCP decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). To sum up, Chinese Yam polysaccharide can reduce the expression of NTCP protein and mRNA through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and cooperate with entecavir in anti-HBV.
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Antivirales , Dioscorea , Virus de la Hepatitis B , Polisacáridos , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos , Humanos , Virus de la Hepatitis B/efectos de los fármacos , Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Células Hep G2 , Antivirales/farmacología , Dioscorea/química , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Nucleósidos/farmacología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/metabolismo , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/genética , Antígenos e de la Hepatitis B/metabolismo , Hepatitis B/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis B/virología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Guanina/análogos & derivados , Guanina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Toxic components frequently exhibit unique characteristics and activities, offering ample opportunities for the advancement of anti-cancer medications. As the main hepatotoxic component of Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DB), Diosbulbin B (DIOB) has been widely studied for its anti-tumor activity at nontoxic doses. However, the effectiveness and mechanism of DIOB against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. PURPOSE: To evaluate the anti-NSCLC activity of DIOB and to elucidate the specific mechanism of action. METHOD: The effect of DIOB on NSCLCL in vitro was evaluated through CCK8, colony formation, and flow cytometry. The in vivo efficacy and safety of DIOB in treating NSCLC were assessed using various techniques, including HE staining, tunel staining, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical index detection. To understand the underlying mechanism, cell transfection, western blotting, molecular docking, cellular thermal shift assay (CESTA), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were employed for investigation. RESULTS: DIOB effectively hindered the progression of NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo settings at a no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) and a safe dosage. Specifically, DIOB induced significant G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in A549, PC-9, and H1299 cells, while also notably inhibiting the growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. Mechanistically, DIOB could directly interact with oncogene Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and inhibit its expression. The reduction in YY1 resulted in the triggering of the tumor suppressor P53, which induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in NSCLC cells by inhibiting the expression of Cyclin A2, B2, CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, BCL-2, and inducing the expression of BAX. In NSCLC cells, the induction of G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis by DIOB was effectively reversed when YY1 was overexpressed or P53 was knocked down. Importantly, we observed that DIOB exerted the same effect by directly influencing the expression of YY1-regulated c-Myc and BIM, particularly in the absence of P53. CONCLUSION: For the inaugural investigation, this research unveiled the anti-NSCLC impact of DIOB, alongside its fundamental mechanism. DIOB has demonstrated potential as a treatment agent for NSCLC due to its impressive efficacy in countering NSCLC.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular , Compuestos Heterocíclicos de 4 o más Anillos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Ratones Desnudos , Factor de Transcripción YY1 , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Compuestos Heterocíclicos de 4 o más Anillos/farmacología , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Dioscorea/química , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Masculino , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Células A549 , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Yam is a dual-purpose crop as both medicine and food. However, the mechanism controlling the eating quality of yam remains to be elucidated. This study explored the influence of starch multiscale structure on the texture of yam. The results indicated that FS and RC yam have higher hardness and chewiness, while BZ, XM, and PL yam possess waxiness, Fineness, and Stickiness. Statistically, high amylose (AM) can increase hardness, chewiness, and compactness; and average molecular size (Rh) is positively correlated with stickiness, fineness, and waxiness. Specifically, medium- and long-chain amylose (1000â¯<â¯Xâ¯≤â¯10,000) and amylopectin (24â¯<â¯Xâ¯≤â¯100), particularly medium-chain amylose (1000â¯<â¯Xâ¯≤â¯5000) and long-chain amylopectin (24â¯<â¯Xâ¯≤â¯36), primarily affect sensory and rheological stickiness. The long chains of amylose form a straight chain interspersed in the crystalline and amorphous regions to support the entire lamellar structure. Higher proportion of amylose long chains, promoting the starch's structural rigidity, which in turn enhanced its hardness-related attributes. Moreover, a higher ratio of long chains within amylopectin results in tightly intertwined adjacent outer chains, forming double helix crystalline zones. This consequently augmenting the texture quality linked to stickiness-related attributes.
Asunto(s)
Amilopectina , Amilosa , Dioscorea , Almidón , Almidón/química , Amilosa/química , Dioscorea/química , Amilopectina/química , Culinaria , Dureza , ReologíaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to compare the structural and functional attributes of Chinese yam starches obtained via different domestic cooking methods. Cooking changed the crystalline type from the C type to the CB type, and disrupted the short- and long-range molecular order of Chinese yam starch. The average chain length of amylopectin in BOS (boiling starch) was the smallest at 22.78, while RWS had the longest average chain length, reaching 24.24. These alterations in molecular structure resulted in variations in functional properties such as solubility, swelling power (SP), pasting characteristics, and rheological properties. Among these alterations, boiling was the most effective method for increasing the water-binding capacity and SP of starch. Specifically, its water holding capacity was 2.12 times that of RWS. In vitro digestion experiments indicated that BOS has a higher digestion rate (k = 0.0272 min-1) and lower RDS (rapidly digestible starch), which may be related to its amylopectin chain length distribution. This study can guide us to utilize yam starch through suitable cooking methods, which is relevant for the processing and application of Chinese yam starch.
Asunto(s)
Culinaria , Dioscorea , Almidón , Culinaria/métodos , Almidón/química , Dioscorea/química , Digestión , Solubilidad , Amilopectina/química , Reología , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The genus Dioscorea, a member of the Dioscoreaceae family, comprises approximately 600 species and is widely distributed across temperate and tropical regions such as Asia, South Africa, and North America. The traditional medicinal uses of Dioscorea have been documented in Asian and African pharmacological systems. In Asia, this genus is traditionally used to treat respiratory illnesses, rheumatism, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, and other conditions. In Africa, this genus has been used to treat human immunodeficiency virus and ring worms. However, the traditional medicinal practices in North America rarely mention the use of this genus. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this review is to comprehensively review the genus Dioscorea, focusing on its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicities. The research also aims to highlight the valuable bioactive compounds within Dioscorea and emphasize the need for further investigations into acute and chronic toxicity, activity mechanisms, molecular markers, and other relevant factors to contribute to the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search for available information on Dioscorea was conducted using scientific databases, including PubMed, ISI-WOS, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as recent academic publications from reputable publishers and other literature sources. The search was not limited by language and spanned the literature published between 1950 and 2022. RESULTS: This article provides a comprehensive review of the Dioscorea genus, focusing on its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicities. Extensive research has been conducted on this genus, resulting in the isolation and examination of over 1000 compounds, including steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, to determine their biological activities. These activities include anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. However, some studies have indicated the potential toxicity of high doses of Dioscorea, highlighting the need for further investigations to assess the safety of this genus. Additionally, this review explores potential avenues for future research and discusses the challenges associated with a comprehensive understanding of the Dioscorea genus. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the existing literature, it can be concluded that Dioscorea is a valuable source of bioactive compounds that have the potential to treat various disorders. Future research should prioritize the investigation of acute and chronic toxicity, activity mechanisms, molecular markers, and other relevant factors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the Dioscorea genus, emphasizing its potential to enable a deeper exploration of the biological activity mechanisms of these plants and contribute to the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals.