RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity results from interactions between environmental factors, lifestyle, and genetics. In this scenario, nutritional genomics and nutrigenetic tests stand out, with the promise of helping patients avoid or treat obesity. This narrative review investigates whether nutrigenetic tests may help to prevent or treat obesity. Scientific studies in PubMed Science Direct were reviewed, focusing on using nutrigenetic tests in obesity. The work showed that few studies address the use of tools in obesity. However, most of the studies listed reported their beneficial effects in weight loss. Ethical conflicts were also discussed, as in most countries, there are no regulations to standardize these tools, and there needs to be more scientific knowledge for health professionals who interpret them. International Societies, such as the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, do not recommend nutrigenetic tests to prevent or treat obesity, especially in isolation. Advancing nutrigenetics depends on strengthening three pillars: regulation between countries, scientific evidence with clinical validity, and professional training.
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Dietética , Nutrigenómica , Humanos , Nutrigenómica/métodos , Estado Nutricional , Obesidad , BrasilRESUMEN
Nutritional therapy should follow evidence-based practice, thus several societies regarding nutrition and critical care have developed specific Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG). However, to be regarded as trustworthy, the quality of the CPG for critically ill patients and its recommendations need to be high. This systematic review aimed to appraise the methodology and recommendations of nutrition CPG for critically ill patients. We performed a systematic review (protocol number CRD42020184199) with literature search conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and other four specific databases of guidelines up to October 2021. Two reviewers, independently, assessed titles and abstracts and potentially eligible full-text reports to determine eligibility and subsequently four reviewers appraised the guidelines quality using the Advancing Guideline Development, Reporting and Evaluation in Health Care instrument II (AGREE-II) and AGREE-Recommendation Excellence (AGREE-REX). Ten CPG for nutrition in critically ill patients were identified. Only Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine had a total acceptable quality and were recommended for daily practice according AGREE-II. None of the CPG recommendations had an overall quality score above 70 %, thus being classified as moderate quality according AGREE-REX. The methodological evaluation of the critically ill adult patient CPG revealed significant discrepancies and showed a need for improvement in its development and/or reporting. In addition, recommendations about nutrition care process presented a moderate quality.
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Dietética , Terapia Nutricional , Adulto , Humanos , Enfermedad Crítica/terapia , Atención a la Salud , Estado Nutricional , Guías de Práctica Clínica como AsuntoRESUMEN
O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar e compreender fenomenologicamente, por meio de relato de Psicólogos de Esporte (PE) e de Coaches, em sua vivência prática, como ocorrem os processos reflexivos em sua atuação, conforme apreendidos a partir de relatos de experiências. O método de investigação escolhido foi a fenomenologia, pois oferece os recursos necessários para tal mergulho junto à experiência reflexiva. A amostra intencional foi delineada por PE e Coaches (profissionais de Educação Física que recorrem ao Coaching) em atividade em esportes de alto rendimento, que tenham atuado ou estejam atuando em modalidades esportivas coletivas e/ou individuais. Realizaram-se nove entrevistas (cinco com PE, quatro com Coaches). O acesso ao objeto desse estudo se deu por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e semiestruturadas, orientadas pela escuta suspensiva. As questões disparadoras foram formuladas com base no Procedimento Estruturado de Reflexão adaptado. Para análise das entrevistas, realizou-se uma síntese de cada relato, seguindo-se de cruzamento intencional. Como resultados, percebeu-se que PE e Coaches trazem algumas similaridades no que se refere aos modos de refletir sobre sua prática. No entanto, as experiências que eles fazem desses processos reflexivos é que podem tomar rumos distintos. Os(as) PE amparam-se na regulamentação da profissão e resguardam-se em seus apontamentos, trazendo suas experiências e reflexões sobre os processos vividos. Os(as) Coaches trazem em suas explanações um trabalho coerente, organizado e compatível com o método do Coaching. Problematizar os processos reflexivos desses profissionais permite diferenciar qualitativa e eticamente suas atuações, possibilitando o fomento multiprofissional no esporte.(AU)
The aim of this study consists in phenomenologically identifying and understanding, by the report of Sport Psychologists (SP) and coaches, in their practical experience, how would be the reflexive processes that take place in their performance, as learned from reports of their experiences. The research method chosen was phenomenology, since it offers the necessary resources for such a dive along with the reflective experience. The intentional sample was outlined by SP and coaches (Physical Education professionals who use coaching) active in high performance sports, who have or are working in collective and/or individual sports. Nine interviews were conducted (five with SP, four with coaches). Access to the object of this study took place by in-depth and semi-structured interviews, guided by suspensive listening. The triggering questions were formulated based on the adapted Structured Reflection Procedure. For the analysis of the interviews, a synthesis of each report was carried out, followed by the intentional crossing. As results, it was noticed that SP and coaches bring some similarities regarding the ways of reflecting on their practice. However, their experiences of these reflective processes are that they can take different directions. The SP are based on the regulation of the profession and guard themselves in their notes, bringing their experiences and reflections on the processes experienced. Coaches bring in their explanations a coherent, organized, and compatible work with the coaching method. Problematizing the reflective processes of these professionals allows to differentiate their actuation qualitatively and ethically, making the multiprofessional phenomenon in sport possible.(AU)
El objetivo de este estudio consiste en identificar y comprender fenomenológicamente, a partir de la experiencia práctica de psicólogos del deporte (PD) y coaches, cómo serían los procesos reflexivos que se llevan a cabo en su rendimiento, tal y como se desprende de los informes de experiencias. El método de investigación elegido fue la fenomenología, ya que ofrece los recursos necesarios junto con la experiencia. La muestra intencional fue delineada por PD y coaches (profesionales de la educación física que utilizan el coaching) activos en deportes de alto rendimiento, que tienen o están trabajando en deportes colectivos e/o individuales. Se realizaron nueve entrevistas (cinco con PD, cuatro con coaches). El acceso al objeto de este estudio fue entrevistas en profundidad y semiestructuradas, guiadas por escuchas suspensivas. Las preguntas se formularon desde el procedimiento de reflexión estructurado adaptado. Para el análisis de las entrevistas, se hizo una síntesis de cada informe, seguida del cruce intencional. Como resultados, se notó que los PD y coaches tienen algunas similitudes con respecto a las formas de reflexionar sobre su práctica. Sin embargo, las experiencias que hacen de estos procesos pueden tomar diferentes direcciones. Los(las) PD se basan en la regulación de la profesión y se protegen en sus notas, aportando sus experiencias y reflexiones sobre los procesos vividos. Los(las) coaches plantean en sus explicaciones un trabajo coherente, organizado y compatible con el método de Coaching. Problematizar los procesos reflexivos de estos profesionales permite diferenciar sus acciones de manera cualitativa y ética, además de posibilitar la promoción multiprofesional en el deporte.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Psicología del Deporte , Tutoría , Ansiedad , Evaluación de Procesos y Resultados en Atención de Salud , Satisfacción Personal , Aptitud , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Resistencia Física , Disciplinas de las Ciencias Naturales , Juego e Implementos de Juego , Competencia Profesional , Psicología , Desempeño Psicomotor , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Calidad de Vida , Recreación , Rehabilitación , Carrera , Atención , Ciencia , Sueño , Fútbol , Control Social Formal , Identificación Social , Justicia Social , Medicina Deportiva , Estrés Psicológico , Natación , Enseñanza , Terapéutica , Atletismo , Orientación Vocacional , Heridas y Lesiones , Yoga , Ciencias de la Conducta , Ejercicios Respiratorios , Salud , Salud Mental , Aptitud Física , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Salud Laboral , Caminata , Autonomía Profesional , Guías como Asunto , Entrevista , Congresos como Asunto , Meditación , Vida , Disciplinas y Actividades Conductuales , Ingenio y Humor , Centros de Acondicionamiento , Gestión de la Práctica Profesional , Síndromes de Dolor Regional Complejo , Habilitación Profesional , Intervención en la Crisis (Psiquiatría) , Terapias Mente-Cuerpo , Técnicas de Ejercicio con Movimientos , Refuerzo Biomédico , Depresión , Dieta , Dietética , Educación no Profesional , Evaluación del Rendimiento de Empleados , Empleo , Ética Profesional , Fiscalización Sanitaria , Capacitación Profesional , Rendimiento Atlético , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Resiliencia Psicológica , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Musculoesqueléticos y Neurales , Conducta Alimentaria , Atletas , Creación de Capacidad , Ciencias de la Nutrición y del Deporte , Volver al Deporte , Rendimiento Laboral , Profesionalismo , Capacidad Cardiovascular , Éxito Académico , Deportes Acuáticos , Compromiso Laboral , Psicología Cognitiva , Ciencia y Desarrollo , Entrenamiento Cognitivo , Bienestar Psicológico , Condiciones de Trabajo , Gimnasia , Empleos en Salud , Promoción de la Salud , Anatomía , Perfil Laboral , Jurisprudencia , Liderazgo , Aprendizaje , Estilo de Vida , Memoria , Métodos , Motivación , Actividad Motora , Destreza Motora , Movimiento , Relajación Muscular , Músculos , ObesidadRESUMEN
This is one of a series of monographs on research design and analysis. The purpose of this article is to describe a set of statistical procedures or techniques used to develop and test structural models that characterize the relationships and interrelationships between a group of concepts and variables. These procedures include multiple regression, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and structural equation modeling. The article describes the purpose of each of these procedures and how they relate to and build on one another. It also covers the different types of variables examined, including the distinction between endogenous, exogenous, and mediating variables, along with the distinction between measured and unmeasured (or latent) variables. Each procedure results in a set of statistical estimates, and the article presents the interpretation of these estimates, including regression coefficients (standardized and unstandardized), path coefficients, factor loadings, and coefficients of determination (or R2 values). The article presents examples of how each procedure has been used in practice, along with additional resources for readers who wish to learn more.
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Dietética , Humanos , Análisis de Clases Latentes , Análisis Factorial , Análisis MultivarianteRESUMEN
Nutritional status can change in breast cancer patients after treatment. However, the metabolic implications of those alterations are poorly understood. We used a cross-sectional study design to compare body composition, lipids, glucose levels, and adiposity indices in breast cancer patients with a matched control and a healthy group. We recruited women who completed their chemotherapy (BC group) and compared them with a group of women without cancer age and body mass index-paired (MC group) and a group of healthy women (HC group). We estimated body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis, physical function by handgrip strength, and food consumption by 24-hour food record. A blood sample was collected. We calculated visceral obesity indices (VAI and LAP) and insulin resistance-triglyceride glucose (TyG). Eighty-eight women were included (BC = 36, MC = 36, HC = 16). BC patients demonstrated worse phase angle values, nutritional risk index and lower handgrip strength. Additionally, according to the indices, BC had impairments in lipids, worse glucose levels, and elevated visceral fat adiposity and presented important unhealthy dietary patterns characterized by under-recommended protein consumption and higher caloric intake than the other groups. No differences were observed between both control groups. Further investigations are required to examine the underlying mechanisms and the potential longitudinal changes during surveillance.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Dietética , Adiposidad , Glucemia/análisis , Índice de Masa Corporal , Neoplasias de la Mama/complicaciones , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Fuerza de la Mano , Humanos , Estado Nutricional , Obesidad , Obesidad Abdominal , TriglicéridosRESUMEN
This monograph focuses on understanding statistical and clinical significance and is one in a research and statistics series published by the statistical team of the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The content covers the research questions, definition of clinical significance, hypothesis testing, P values, effect sizes, sample sizes, CIs, power analyses, minimal clinically important differences, and validity. This monograph concludes with a summary of the importance of clinical and statistical results for credentialed nutrition and dietetics practitioners to consider when assessing statistical and clinical significance. The assessment will help readers make subjective clinical judgments in the application of research findings based on their experience.
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Dietética , Academias e Institutos , Dietética/métodos , Humanos , Estado Nutricional , Proyectos de Investigación , Tamaño de la MuestraRESUMEN
Purpose: To identify key attributes of Canadian clinical registered dietitian (RD) jobs associated with high rates of turnover.Methods: Managers of clinical RDs in Canada were eligible to complete a survey on the topic of turnover in clinical RD positions. Specifically, key details were sought regarding positions with the highest and lowest turnover in each manager's portfolio.Results: High turnover (HT) positions turned over an average of 4.0 times in a 5-year period in contrast to 0.3 times in low turnover (LT) positions. Resignation was the top reason for turnover in both HT and LT positions. HT and LT positions were of analogous full-time equivalent, had comparable caseloads, and served clients/patients with similar diagnoses including diabetes and neurological conditions.Conclusions: There is significant variation in the frequency of turnover across positions in clinical dietetics in Canada. What differentiates HT positions from LT positions remains unclear. More research is required to guide managers seeking to balance turnover and preclude uneven nutrition care quality across units and programs.
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Dietética , Terapia Nutricional , Nutricionistas , Canadá , Humanos , Recursos HumanosRESUMEN
AIMS: Recently, Apolipoprotein CIII (Apo-CIII) has gained remarkable attention since its overexpression has been strongly correlated to cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurrence. The aim of this review was to summarize the latest findings of Apo-CIII as a CVDs and diabetes risk factor, as well as the plausible mechanisms involved in the development of these pathologies, with particular emphasis on current clinical and dietetic therapies. DATA SYNTHESIS: Apo-CIII is a small protein (â¼8.8 kDa) that, among other functions, inhibits lipoprotein lipase, a key enzyme in lipid metabolism. Apo-CIII plays a fundamental role in the physiopathology of atherosclerosis, type-1, and type-2 diabetes. Apo-CIII has become a potential clinical target to tackle these multifactorial diseases. Dietetic (omega-3 fatty acids, stanols, polyphenols, lycopene) and non-dietetic (fibrates, statins, and antisense oligonucleotides) therapies have shown promising results to regulate Apo-CIII and triglyceride levels. However, more information from clinical trials is required to validate it as a new target for atherosclerosis and diabetes types 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: There are still several pathways involving Apo-CIII regulation that might be affected by bioactive compounds that need further research. The mechanisms that trigger metabolic responses following bioactive compounds consumption are mainly related to higher LPL expression and PPARα activation, although the complete pathways are yet to be elucidated.
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Dietética , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas , Apolipoproteína C-III/genética , Apolipoproteínas C/metabolismo , Humanos , TriglicéridosRESUMEN
Introducción: Ingresar a la universidad implica múltiples cambios que repercuten en el estado nutricional y pueden condicionar la aparición de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles al futuro. Objetivo: Comparar el estado nutricional de las estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética de México y Colombia mediante mediciones antropométricas y el consumo de alimentos. Material y Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, multidimensional de tipo transversal; con un tamaño de la muestra de 583 estudiantes elegidos aleatoriamente en centros universitarios de Colombia y México. Se aplicó una encuesta que indagó sobre el consumo de alimentos y el estilo de vida de las estudiantes, la toma de datos antropométricos se realizó de manera presencial mediante la técnica The International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Se emplearon las técnicas estadísticas: test de comparación de proporciones, MANOVA y distribuciones de frecuencias. Resultados: Se presentó mayor carga genética para diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, cáncer y obesidad en las estudiantes mexicanas; quienes reportaron más sobrepeso y enfermedades gastrointestinales. El consumo frecuente de queso entero, huevo, grasas saturadas y poliinsaturadas, azúcares y dulces, y productos fritos fue mayor en las colombianas; mientras que el consumo de queso bajo en grasa, leguminosas y mezclas vegetales, grasas monoinsaturadas, salsas, frutas, verduras y hortalizas, nueces y semillas, enlatados y bebidas alcohólicas, fue superior en las mexicanas. Conclusiones: Se reportan cambios alimenticios desde el ingreso a la carrera, lo cual es un factor protector para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles(AU)
Introduction: Entering the university implies multiple changes that affect the nutritional status and can condition the appearance of chronic non-communicable diseases in the future. Objective: To compare the nutritional status of Nutrition and Dietetics students from Mexico and Colombia through anthropometric measurements and food consumption. Material and Methods: Through the application of a survey, the food consumption and lifestyle of the students were investigated. The anthropometric data collection was carried out using the techniques adopted by The International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). With the data obtained, a descriptive, exploratory, multidimensional and cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample size was 583 students randomly chosen from university centers in Colombia and Mexico. The statistical techniques used included: comparison test for proportions, MANOVA and frequency distributions. Results: There was a higher genetic load for diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, cancer and obesity in Mexican students who reported more overweight and gastrointestinal diseases. The frequent consumption of whole cheese, eggs, saturated and polyunsaturated fats, sugars and sweets and fried products was higher in Colombian women while the consumption of low-fat cheese, legumes and vegetable mixtures, monounsaturated fats, sauces, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds, canned goods and alcoholic beverages was higher in Mexican women, presenting a significant difference (p <0.05). Conclusions: Dietary changes are reported from the beginning of the studies, which is a protective factor for the development of non-communicable chronic diseases. There must be consistency among knowledge, eating practices and lifestyle to maintain health and achieve greater credibility of the knowledge imparted(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Universidades , Dietética , Ciencias de la Nutrición , Estado Nutricional/fisiología , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Transversales , Colombia , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Consumo de Alcohol en la Universidad , MéxicoRESUMEN
Objetivo: o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a qualidade nutricional de cardápios de dietas da moda veiculadas nas revistas de circulação não cientificas "Malu" e "7 Dias com você". Métodos: tratou-se de um estudo quali-quantitativo que avaliou cardápios das revistas mencionadas anteriormente, publicadas entre 2015 e 2016. Para a análise do conteúdo nutricional, foi utilizado o software DietWin® para averiguar o valor energético, macronutrientes, o teor de fibra bruta e a quantidade de cálcio, ferro e folato; e para a análise qualitativa, utilizaram-se as recomendações do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira para oferta de frutas, hortaliças e a presença de alimentos ultraprocessados. Resultados: as dietas analisadas são hipocalóricas; os macronutrientes estão adequados segundo os intervalos de distribuição de macronutrientes para adultos, pois são deficientes em fibras, cálcio, folato e ferro. Em relação à Ingestão Dietética Recomendada, atendem às recomendações para o consumo de hortaliças, são inadequadas em relação ao consumo de frutas e prescrevem alimentos ultraprocessados. Conclusão: a inadequação do conteúdo nutricional das dietas leva a prejuízos nutricionais e estão relacionadas às carências e aos excessos alimentares. Portanto, faz-se necessária a prescrição de dietas individualizadas por meio de avaliação detalhada.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the nutritional quality off addiets menus published in the non-scientific magazines "Malu" and "7Days with You". Methods: This was aquali-quantitative study that evaluated menus ofthe previously mentioned magazines published between 2015 and 2016. For the analysis of nutritional content DietWin® software was used to ascertainthe energy value, macronutrients, crude fiber content and the amount of calcium, iron and folate and for qualitative analysisit wasused the recommendations of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population for the supply of fruits, vegetables and the presence of ultra-processed foods. Results: The diets analyzed are hypocaloric, the macronutrients are adequate according to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribuition Range, are deficient in fiber, calcium, folate and iron in relation to the Recommended Dietary Intake, meet the recommendations for the consumption of vegetables, are inadequate in relation to the consumption of fruits and prescribe ultra-processed foods. Conclusion: The inadequacy of the nutritional content of diets leads to nutritional losses and are related to deficiencies and overeating. Therefore, it is necessary to prescribe individualized diets through detailed evaluation in a physical consultation.
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Modas Dietéticas , Nutrientes , Dieta , Dietética , Ingestión de Alimentos , Alimentos , Valor NutritivoRESUMEN
Aging is a biological process during which chronic low-grade inflammation is present due to changes in the immune system of the elderly. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of resistance training associated with dietary advice on chronic inflammation in the elderly. We conducted a prospective intervention study in which we evaluated anthropometric parameters and inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-8, CCL-2, and leptin) in 40 elderly people before and after long-term progressive resistance training (19 weeks) associated with dietary advice. The participants trained twice a week on nonconsecutive days, and the training lasted one hour with an intensity of 60-85% of 1-MR. Dietary advice was explained in person and individually focusing on foods rich in compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Participants were instructed at the beginning of the training program, and dietary advice was reinforced verbally weekly. There was an improvement in body composition evidenced by a reduction in waist circumference and body fat percentage and by the increase in arm circumference, calf circumference, and corrected arm muscle area. In addition, there was a reduction in the inflammatory biomarkers CCL-2 (p = 0.01) and leptin (p < 0.01). Resistance training associated with dietary guidance can contribute to a healthy aging due to observed improvements in body composition and in the inflammatory profile of the elderly.
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Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Inflamación/metabolismo , Antropometría/métodos , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Dietética/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodosRESUMEN
En ocasiones se emplean los términos dietético y dietario indistintamente para de-nominar elementos referentes a la alimentación. No obstante, el primero es el único adecuado en ese contexto. Aunque las dos palabras son similares, poseen significados diferentes:Dietario: (Del latín bajo dieta, traducción del alemán Tag 'día'):1. m. Libro en que se anotan los ingresos y gastos diarios de una casa.2. m. Diario personal.3. m. Libro en que los cronistas de Aragón escribían los sucesos más notables.Dietético, -ca: (Del latín diaeteticus, y este del griego διαιτητικÏς, derivado de diaeta'régimen de vida'):1. adj. De la dieta o relacionado con ella [inglés: dietary].2. adj. De la dietética o relacionado con ella [inglés: dietetic].3. s.f. Disciplina científica que trata de los alimentos más adecuados para cada per-sona según sus características, con el fin de conseguir una alimentación adecuada o favorecer el tratamiento médico [inglés: nutrition, dietetics].Quizás la equivocada traducción del inglés ha llevado al uso de expresiones inapro-piadas en el idioma español, como «suplemento dietario¼ o «fibra dietaria¼, siendo sus formas correctas: suplemento dietético y fibra dietética.
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Dietética , Dieta , AlimentosRESUMEN
RESUMEN El propósito de este artículo es analizar la evolución de las carreras y programas de Nutrición y Dietética en Chile. Se verifica un incremento sostenido de la oferta formativa, particularmente en los últimos veinte años, asociado a procesos de mercantilización de la Educación Superior. El aseguramiento de la calidad ha operado a través de la acreditación voluntaria y sus resultados son congruentes con el contexto nacional. La creciente importancia de la alimentación y nutrición en la salud pública del país exige formular cambios en la formación en Nutrición y Dietética, para lo cual se plantean diversas recomendaciones para lograr mayores niveles de pertinencia y el mejoramiento continuo de la calidad.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to analyze the evolution of Nutrition and Dietetics degree programs and majors in Chile. This research demonstrated a sustained increase in the number of training programs, particularly during the last twenty years, due to the process of commodification of higher education. Quality assurance has been implemented by voluntary accreditation, which has shown results consistent with the national context. The growing importance given to food and nutrition in the national public health scenario requires changes in Nutrition and Dietetics academic programs. To this end, different recommendations are made in order to achieve improved relevance standards and continuous quality improvement.
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Humanos , Dietética , Ciencias de la Nutrición , Nutricionistas , Alimentos , Programas de Nutrición , Mejoramiento de la CalidadRESUMEN
A obesidade possui vários prejuízos para a saúde e está associada à inúmeras patologias e baixa expectativa de vida. O desequilíbrio alimentar é um fator que necessita de atenção especial, pois é capaz de alterar as interações entre nutrientes e genes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as principais linhas de pesquisa associadas à nutrigenômica, e evidenciar a relação da influência da nutrição na expressão de genes relacionados à obesidade. Realizou-se o levantamento bibliográfico e a análise cienciométrica por meio do banco de dados publicados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e do Centro Latino-Americano de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME). Identificou-se 118 artigos originais, os quais foram agrupados em cinco classes: restrição calórica, expressão gênica, alimentos, intervenção dietética e diversos. Os resultados evidenciaram que a restrição calórica possui relação direta da expressão gênica com o controle das células cancerígenas e a diminuição do excesso de tecido adiposo. Além disso, a análise cienciométrica relacionou a importância das fibras alimentares na redução do colesterol e sensibilidade à insulina, bem como a ação do jejum na regulação negativa de genes que contribuem para o crescimento do tecido adiposo. Dessa forma, este artigo fornece princípios ideológicos para auxiliar especialistas na aplicabilidade de estratégias para atingir a redução de peso sustentável por meio da expressão gênica.
Obesity has several health risks and is associated with numerous pathologies and low life expectancy. Food imbalance is a factor that needs special attention, as it is able to change the interactions between nutrients and genes. This study aimed at verifying the main lines of research associated with nutrigenomics, and at showing the relationship of the influence of nutrition on the expression of genes related to obesity. The bibliographic survey and scientometric analysis were carried out through the database published in the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) and the Centro Latino-Americano de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME). A total of 118 articles of original research were identified, and were grouped into five categories: caloric restriction; gene expression; food; dietary intervention; and miscellaneous. The results showed that caloric restriction has a direct relationship between gene expression and the control of cancer cells and the reduction of excess adipose tissue. Furthermore, the scientometric analysis related the importance of dietary fibers in reducing cholesterol and insulin sensitivity as well as the action of fasting in the negative regulation of genes that contribute to the growth of adipose tissue. Thus, this paper provides ideological principles to assist specialists in the applicability of strategies to achieve sustainable weight reduction through gene expression.