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Gastric cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers. The incidence and mortality rates are quite similar. The main reason for the high mortality is diagnosis at advanced stages of disease, when treatment options are poor. One of the supposed strategies to overcome late-stage diagnosis is identifying people at high risk with the aim of establishing rigorous clinical control, including routine endoscopy and biopsies. Hereditary gastric cancer (HGC) syndromes, though representing a sizeable group to monitor for prevention or, at least, for early diagnosis, are apparently extremely rare. The low rate of HGC diagnosis might be related to the low rates of suspicion, insufficient familiarity about clinical diagnosis criteria, and the supposed conditional necessity of a molecular diagnosis. In this review, we will discuss simple measures to increase HGC diagnosis by applying three rules that might provide an opportunity for precision care to benefit the families affected by this disease.

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BACKGROUND AND GOALS: Missed adenomas are likely to be located in the proximal colon and failure to detect these lesions might explain the occurrence of a certain percentage of interval carcinomas. Though studies have demonstrated increased detection of significant neoplastic lesions in colonoscopic examinations where the withdrawal time is 6 min or more, there are no recommendations on how much time to spend in each colonic segment. The aim of the trial was to find ways to reduce the number of lesions missed in the proximal segments of the colon assessing the difference in adenoma detection rate (ADR) between two colonoscopic withdrawal timed techniques. STUDY: This was a randomized trial in a university hospital. Population was composed of patients referred for screening colonoscopy. The Main Outcome measurements was ADRs for patients subjected to a timed colonoscopy with specific withdrawal times, with special interest in the proximal colon, and implying a minimum of 2-min withdrawal delay in the cecum and right colon, a 1-min delay time in the transverse colon, and a minimum additional 3-min delay time in the left colon, as compared to a standard timed colonoscopy with free withdrawal delay time of at least 6 min. RESULTS: A total of 1160 patients were included. Eleven were initially excluded due to incomplete colonoscopies. Of the remaining 1149 patients, 573 were randomized to the group with fixed withdrawal times (Group A) and 576 to conventional withdrawal (Group B). Median age was 57 years (SD 6), a total of 634 (55.2%) were male patients and the mean withdrawal time was 7:05 min (SD 1 min). Seven hundred and eighty-one adenomas/serrated lesions were found in 470 patients (1.66 per patient), with 28 advanced lesions and 3 adenocarcinomas. Global ADR was 41% with no significant statistical differences between the two groups (42.1% vs 39.8%, p 0.43), respectively. A multivariate analysis showed clear relation between the finding of adenomas and higher BBPS ratings (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 0.92, p 0.05), age (aOR 1.03, p 0.01), male sex (aOR 1.51, p 0.001), and time of withdrawal (aOR 1.17, p 0.001), while no association was observed with either withdrawal technique (aOR 0.89, IC 95% 0.70-1.03, p 0.32). There was no statistical significant difference between the two groups concerning the finding of proximal lesions (cOR 0.93, CI 95% 0.71-1.20, p 0.56) (aOR 0.89, CI 95% 0.69-1.17, p 0.41) or serrated polyps (cOR 0.81, CI 95% 0.51-1.27, p 0.35) (aOR 0.81, IC 95% 0.51-1.28, p 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: Fixed withdrawal times did not prove to lead to an increase in the number of detected adenomas. Nevertheless, our study supports previous reports stating that longer withdrawal times are indeed associated with better proximal and distal adenoma detection.

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La enfermedad de La Peyronie es una entidad patológica descrita por primera vez en 1743, por François Gigot de la Peyronie, que se manifiesta como una induración en la albugínea de los cuerpos cavernosos del pene. Es un reconocido problema que afecta a los hombres de la mediana edad. En estudios realizados se constata que su incidencia real es muy superior a la del diagnóstico. Su sintomatología consiste en la incurvación del pene durante la erección, dolor y pobre consistencia en la zona de incurvación. Debido al infradiagnóstico de esta patología y la repercusión que tiene para el paciente, se decide realizar la presentación de un caso de enfermedad de La Peyronié. Paciente ACS con 25 años de edad, blanco, que acude a consulta por dolor y aumento de volumen de la porción proximal del pene, acompañado de un cuadro depresivo, con antecedente familiar de madre con enfermedad de Ledderhose. El ultrasonido del pene mostró múltiples placas de fibrosis, el resto de los complementarios sin alteración. Se hace necesaria la divulgación de la enfermedad para la realización de un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno (AU).

La Peyronié´s disease is a pathological entity firstly described in 1743, by François Gigot de la Peyronie, presented as an induration in the albuginia of the cavernous body of the penis. It is a recognized problem affecting middle-aged men. In carried-out studies it is stated that its real incidence is much higher than the diagnostic incidence. The symptoms are penis curvature during the erection, pain and poor consistence in the zone of the curvature. Due to this disease's infra-diagnosis and the repercussion it has for the patient, we decided to present a case of La Peyronie´s disease. ACS patient, aged 25 years, white, assisting the consultation because of a pain and a volume increase of the penis proximal portion, accompanied by depression, and family antecedents of mother with Ledderhose´s disease. The penis ultrasound imaging showed fibrosis plaques; the rest of the complementary tests showed no alterations. It is necessary to popularize this disease for its opportune diagnosis and treatment (AU).

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La enfermedad de La Peyronie es una entidad patológica descrita por primera vez en 1743, por François Gigot de la Peyronie, que se manifiesta como una induración en la albugínea de los cuerpos cavernosos del pene. Es un reconocido problema que afecta a los hombres de la mediana edad. En estudios realizados se constata que su incidencia real es muy superior a la del diagnóstico. Su sintomatología consiste en la incurvación del pene durante la erección, dolor y pobre consistencia en la zona de incurvación. Debido al infradiagnóstico de esta patología y la repercusión que tiene para el paciente, se decide realizar la presentación de un caso de enfermedad de La Peyronié. Paciente ACS con 25 años de edad, blanco, que acude a consulta por dolor y aumento de volumen de la porción proximal del pene, acompañado de un cuadro depresivo, con antecedente familiar de madre con enfermedad de Ledderhose. El ultrasonido del pene mostró múltiples placas de fibrosis, el resto de los complementarios sin alteración. Se hace necesaria la divulgación de la enfermedad para la realización de un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno (AU).

La Peyronié´s disease is a pathological entity firstly described in 1743, by François Gigot de la Peyronie, presented as an induration in the albuginia of the cavernous body of the penis. It is a recognized problem affecting middle-aged men. In carried-out studies it is stated that its real incidence is much higher than the diagnostic incidence. The symptoms are penis curvature during the erection, pain and poor consistence in the zone of the curvature. Due to this disease's infra-diagnosis and the repercussion it has for the patient, we decided to present a case of La Peyronie´s disease. ACS patient, aged 25 years, white, assisting the consultation because of a pain and a volume increase of the penis proximal portion, accompanied by depression, and family antecedents of mother with Ledderhose´s disease. The penis ultrasound imaging showed fibrosis plaques; the rest of the complementary tests showed no alterations. It is necessary to popularize this disease for its opportune diagnosis and treatment (AU).

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