RESUMEN
This study aimed to assess the influence of glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates) supplementation in the diet on the performance and incidence of locomotor problems in broiler chickens. A completely randomized design was carried out in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme (3 levels of chondroitin sulfate -0, 0.05, and 0.10%; and 3 levels of glucosamine sulfate -0, 0.15, and 0.30%). Each treatment was composed of 6 replications of 30 broilers each. The performance of broilers (average weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and productive viability) was assessed at 7, 21, 35, and 42 d of age, whereas the gait score, valgus and varus deviations, femoral degeneration, and tibial dyschondroplasia were assessed at 21 and 42 d of age. Increasing levels of glucosamine sulfate inclusion linearly increased the weight gain from 1 to 35 and from 1 to 42 d of age of broilers (P = 0.047 and P = 0.039, respectively), frequency of broilers with no femoral degeneration in the right and left femurs, and the proliferating cartilage area of proximal epiphysis at 42 d of age (P = 0.014, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.028, respectively). The increasing inclusion of chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates led to an increase in the frequency of broilers on the gait score scale 0 (P = 0.007 and P = 0.0001, respectively) and frequency of broilers with no valgus and varus deviations (P = 0.014 and P = 0.0002, respectively) also at 42 d of age. Thus, chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates can be used in the diet of broiler chickens to reduce their locomotor problems.
Asunto(s)
Pollos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Glicosaminoglicanos , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/prevención & control , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/terapia , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/veterinaria , Dieta/veterinaria , Glicosaminoglicanos/farmacología , Osteocondrodisplasias/prevención & control , Osteocondrodisplasias/terapia , Osteocondrodisplasias/veterinaria , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Vascular calcification progression has been associated with the loss of trabecular bone in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. There are few data evaluating the relationship between cortical bone loss and vascular calcification in this population. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the association between changes in cortical bone density and coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression in non-dialyzed CKD patients. METHODS: Changes of cortical and trabecular bone, and changes of calcium score, were analyzed using vertebral tomographic images from a prospective study. Automatic delineation of the cortical bone layer was performed by Image J software, and trabecular bone was determined by selecting a region of interest using Vitrea 2® software. Cortical and trabecular bone density (BD) were expressed in Hounsfield Units (HU), and coronary artery calcium score in Agatston Units (AU). RESULTS: Seventy asymptomatic patients [57.8 ± 10.2 years, 63% males, 20% diabetic, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) = 37.3 (24.8-51.3) mL/min/1.73m2] were followed for 24 months. The mean cortical and trabecular BD did not change over time. While 49 patients lost either bone, 29 (41%) patients lost cortical [- 4.4%/year (ranging from - 7.15 to - 0.5)] and 39 (56%) lost trabecular bone [- 3.15%/year (- 13.7 to - 0.25)]. There was no association between cortical and trabecular BD changes (p = 0.12). CAC was observed in 33 (46%) patients at baseline, and 30 (91%) of them showed CAC progression. While an inverse correlation between trabecular bone and calcium score changes was observed (p = 0.001), there was no correlation between cortical bone and calcium score changes (p = 0.34). CONCLUSION: CKD patients experience either cortical or trabecular bone loss over time, but these changes do not take place simultaneously in all patients. Cortical, unlike trabecular bone loss, is not associated with vascular calcification progression in these patients.
Asunto(s)
Desmineralización Ósea Patológica , Hueso Esponjoso , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Calcificación Vascular/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Asintomáticas , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/diagnóstico , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/etiología , Densidad Ósea , Brasil/epidemiología , Hueso Esponjoso/irrigación sanguínea , Hueso Esponjoso/diagnóstico por imagen , Hueso Esponjoso/patología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/metabolismo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Calcificación Vascular/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Previous studies have shown substances capable of similar effects of demineralization, accelerating the process of bone remodeling. This study investigated preosteoblasts behavior in cell culture after bone demineralization with citric acid and tetracycline. Seventy-four Wistar rats provided 144 calvarial bone samples, 126 of which were randomly divided in seven groups according to the treatment given to the surface: no demineralization (C), citric acid (CA), tetracycline (TCN) during 15, 30, and 60 s. Each group received preosteoblasts cultured for 24, 48, and 72 hr. Eighteen remaining samples were analyzed for the atomic percentage (A%) by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) before and after demineralization. The average percentage of bone area covered by cells increased with time and it was significantly higher after 24 and 48 hr of culture in groups CA15s, CA30s, CA60s, TCN15s, and TCN30s than in groups TCN60 and C (p < 0.05). The cell morphology in all CA and TCN groups was shown to be compatible with more advanced stages of differentiation than in C group. The A% changed after demineralization. We conclude that demineralization with citric acid or tetracycline for 15-30 s increased the area of bone surface covered by preosteoblasts. The A% changes were not sufficient to impair the cells spreading and morphology. Bone demineralization may promote potential benefits in bone regenerative procedures. HIGHLIGHTS: Low pH effects did not interfere on cell growth. Bone demineralization favored the preosteoblasts growth. A possible alternative to improve graft consolidation.
Asunto(s)
Desmineralización Ósea Patológica , Ácido Cítrico/farmacología , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Cráneo/efectos de los fármacos , Cráneo/patología , Tetraciclina/farmacología , Animales , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Osteoblastos/citología , Osteoblastos/ultraestructura , Ratas Wistar , Cráneo/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and osteoporosis (OP) are common diseases in postmenopausal women. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiologic studies, low bone mass has been related to increased frequency of CAD. However, available data on the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and severity of coronary lesions is limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate association between the BMD and severity of coronary lesions assessed by Gensini score in postmenopausal women. METHODS: This study included 122 postmenopausal women who were diagnosed with CAD. These patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of coronary lesions assessed by the Gensini score - patients with mild coronary lesions (Gensini score < 25) and patients with severe coronary lesions (Gensini score ≥ 25). Femoral neck mineral density was measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS: The study included postmenopausal women aged 64.31 ± 4.71 years, 85 of whom (69.7%) exhibited severe coronary lesions. Participants with severe coronary lesions had a significantly higher T score than did those with mild coronary lesions at the femoral neck (p < 0.05). The mean T-score was -0.84 ± 1.01 in mild coronary lesions group, -1.42 ± 1.39 in severe coronary lesions group (p < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that osteopenia-osteoporosis at the Femoral neck (odds ratio 2.73; 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 6.13) was associated with an increased risk of developing severe coronary lesions. The multiple regression model showed that T-scores (b = -0.407, SE = 0.151, p=0.007) were the independent predictors of Gensini score. CONCLUSION: The relationship between severity of coronary lesions and BMD was significant in postmenopausal women. BMD, a low-cost technique involving minimal radiation exposure, widely used for osteoporosis screening, is a promising marker of severity of coronary lesions.
Asunto(s)
Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/fisiopatología , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/fisiopatología , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/fisiopatología , Posmenopausia/fisiología , Absorciometría de Fotón/métodos , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/etiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Cuello Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/complicaciones , Modelos Logísticos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/complicaciones , Valores de Referencia , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate if grape or apple juices are able to protect bone tissue of rats exposed to cadmium. For this purpose, histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry for RUNX-2 and RANK-L were investigated in this setting. A total of 20 adult Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n = 5), as follows: control group, cadmium group, cadmium and grape juice group, and Cadmium and apple juice group. Control group received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) water injection. Cadmium group received a single i.p. injection of cadmium chloride (1.2 mg/kg body weight) diluted in water. Cadmium and grape juice and cadmium and apple juice groups received a single i.p. injection of cadmium chloride (1.2 mg/kg body), and after 15 days, the rats were treated with grape or apple juices for 15 days, by gavage. All animals were euthanized 30 days after the beginning of experiment. Histopathological analysis in rat femur revealed extensive bone loss in rats intoxicated with cadmium. Grape or apple juices were able to increase bone formation. Cadmium inhibited RUNX-2 immunoexpression whereas cadmium increased RANK-L immunoexpression in rat bone cells. Grape or apple juices increased RUNX-2 and decreased RANK-L immunoexpression after cadmium intoxication. Taken together, our results demonstrate that grape or apple juices are able to exert therapeutic activity following cadmium intoxication in rat bone tissue as result of stimulatory effect of bone formation by RUNX-2 upregulation and RANK-L downregulation.
Asunto(s)
Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/prevención & control , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Fémur/efectos de los fármacos , Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Receptor Activador del Factor Nuclear kappa-B/genética , Animales , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Fémur/patología , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Malus/química , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptor Activador del Factor Nuclear kappa-B/metabolismo , Vitis/químicaRESUMEN
Abstract Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and osteoporosis (OP) are common diseases in postmenopausal women. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiologic studies, low bone mass has been related to increased frequency of CAD. However, available data on the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and severity of coronary lesions is limited. Objective: To investigate association between the BMD and severity of coronary lesions assessed by Gensini score in postmenopausal women. Methods: This study included 122 postmenopausal women who were diagnosed with CAD. These patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of coronary lesions assessed by the Gensini score - patients with mild coronary lesions (Gensini score < 25) and patients with severe coronary lesions (Gensini score ≥ 25). Femoral neck mineral density was measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: The study included postmenopausal women aged 64.31 ± 4.71 years, 85 of whom (69.7%) exhibited severe coronary lesions. Participants with severe coronary lesions had a significantly higher T score than did those with mild coronary lesions at the femoral neck (p < 0.05). The mean T-score was −0.84 ± 1.01 in mild coronary lesions group, −1.42 ± 1.39 in severe coronary lesions group (p < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that osteopenia-osteoporosis at the Femoral neck (odds ratio 2.73; 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 6.13) was associated with an increased risk of developing severe coronary lesions. The multiple regression model showed that T-scores (b = −0.407, SE = 0.151, p=0.007) were the independent predictors of Gensini score. Conclusion: The relationship between severity of coronary lesions and BMD was significant in postmenopausal women. BMD, a low-cost technique involving minimal radiation exposure, widely used for osteoporosis screening, is a promising marker of severity of coronary lesions.
Resumo Fundamento: A doença arterial coronariana (DAC) e a osteoporose são doenças comuns em mulheres pós-menopausa. Tanto em estudos transversais como em estudos epidemiológicos longitudinais, a massa óssea diminuída foi relacionada à frequência aumentada de DAC. No entanto, dados disponíveis sobre a relação entre densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e gravidade das lesões coronarianas são limitados. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre DMO e gravidade das lesões coronarianas avaliadas pelo escore de Gensini em mulheres pós-menopausa. Métodos: Este estudo incluiu 122 mulheres pós-menopausa diagnosticadas com DAC. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com a gravidade das lesões coronarianas avaliada pelo escore de Gensini - pacientes com lesões coronarianas leves (escore de Gensini < 25) e pacientes com lesões coronarianas graves (escore de Gensini ≥ 25). A densidade mineral do colo femoral foi medida por absorção de raios-X de dupla energia (DXA). Resultados: O estudo incluiu mulheres pós-menopausa com idade de 64,31 ± 4,71 anos, 85 delas (69,7%) com lesões coronarianas graves. Pacientes com lesões coronarianas graves apresentaram um escore T mais elevado que aquelas com lesões coronarianas leves no colo femoral (p < 0,05). O escore T médio foi -0,84 ± 1,01 no grupo com lesões leves, e -1,42 ± 1,39 no grupo com lesões graves (p < 0,05). A análise de regressão logística multivariada mostrou que a osteopenia-osteoporose no colo femoral (odds ratio 2,73; intervalo de confiança de 95% 1,06 - 6,13) esteve associada com um risco aumentado de se desenvolver lesões coronarianas graves. O modelo de regressão múltipla mostrou que os escores T (b = -0,407; EP= 0,151; p = 0,007) foram preditores independentes do escore de Gensini. Conclusão: Encontrou-se uma relação significativa entre a gravidade das lesões coronarianas e a DMO em mulheres pós-menopausa. DMO, uma técnica de baixo custo que envolve mínima exposição à radiação, e amplamente utilizada no rastreamento de osteoporose, é um marcador promissor da gravidade de lesões coronarianas graves.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/fisiopatología , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/fisiopatología , Posmenopausia/fisiología , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/fisiopatología , Valores de Referencia , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/etiología , Absorciometría de Fotón/métodos , Modelos Logísticos , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/complicaciones , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Edad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Medición de Riesgo , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/complicaciones , Cuello Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Hiperlipidemias/complicacionesRESUMEN
No hiperparatireoidismo nutricional secundário ocorre uma secreção excessiva de paratormônio em resposta à deficiência dietética do cálcio, podendo ser estabelecido o diagnóstico através da história clínica do animal e exames complementares. A deficiência mineral é compensada parcialmente pelo aumento da absorção intestinal de cálcio, diminuição da excreção urinária de cálcio e reabsorção de cálcio nos ossos, podendo fazer com que o animal apresente graus variados de problemas locomotores, dor à palpação dos ossos, resistência ao apoiar uma extremidade, fraturas e até mesmo incapacidade para se manter em pé. O tratamento do HNS requer correção da deficiência dietética e reparo de qualquer anormalidade óssea que estiver presente.
In the secondary hyperparathyroidism nutrition occurs an excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone in response to dietary deficiency of calcium, which can be set by the diagnosis through the medical history of the animal and laboratory tests. The mineral deficiency is partially offset by increased intestinal calcium absorption, reduction of urinary excretion of calcium, and calcium resorption in bone, which can cause to the animal varying degrees of locomotor problems, pain on palpation of the bones, resistance to support an extremity, fractures and even inability to stand. Treatment of HNS requires correction of the dietary deficiency and repair of any bone abnormalities that are present.
En hiperparatiroidismo nutricional secundario ocurre una secreción excesiva de la hormona paratiroidea en respuesta a la deficiencia dietética de calcio, que se puede establecer el diagnóstico a través de la historia clínica de los animales y con pruebas adicionales. La deficiencia de minerales se ve parcialmente compensada por el aumento de la absorción intestinal de calcio, la reducción de la excreción urinaria de calcio y la reabsorción de calcio en los huesos, haciendo con que los animales tengan diferentes grados de problemas del aparato locomotor, dolor a la palpación de los huesos, resistencia para apoyar un extremo del cuerpo, trácturas e incluso incapacidad para ponerse de pie. El tratamiento de la HNS requiere la corrección de la deficiência en la dieta y reparar anomalías óseas que están presentes.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Enfermedades Carenciales/terapia , Enfermedades Carenciales/veterinaria , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/terapia , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/veterinaria , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/terapia , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/veterinaria , Hormona Paratiroidea , Hormona Paratiroidea/biosíntesis , Calcio de la Dieta , Deficiencia de Calcio , MovimientoRESUMEN
No hiperparatireoidismo nutricional secundário ocorre uma secreção excessiva de paratormônio em resposta à deficiência dietética do cálcio, podendo ser estabelecido o diagnóstico através da história clínica do animal e exames complementares. A deficiência mineral é compensada parcialmente pelo aumento da absorção intestinal de cálcio, diminuição da excreção urinária de cálcio e reabsorção de cálcio nos ossos, podendo fazer com que o animal apresente graus variados de problemas locomotores, dor à palpação dos ossos, resistência ao apoiar uma extremidade, fraturas e até mesmo incapacidade para se manter em pé. O tratamento do HNS requer correção da deficiência dietética e reparo de qualquer anormalidade óssea que estiver presente.(AU)
In the secondary hyperparathyroidism nutrition occurs an excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone in response to dietary deficiency of calcium, which can be set by the diagnosis through the medical history of the animal and laboratory tests. The mineral deficiency is partially offset by increased intestinal calcium absorption, reduction of urinary excretion of calcium, and calcium resorption in bone, which can cause to the animal varying degrees of locomotor problems, pain on palpation of the bones, resistance to support an extremity, fractures and even inability to stand. Treatment of HNS requires correction of the dietary deficiency and repair of any bone abnormalities that are present.(AU)
En hiperparatiroidismo nutricional secundario ocurre una secreción excesiva de la hormona paratiroidea en respuesta a la deficiencia dietética de calcio, que se puede establecer el diagnóstico a través de la historia clínica de los animales y con pruebas adicionales. La deficiencia de minerales se ve parcialmente compensada por el aumento de la absorción intestinal de calcio, la reducción de la excreción urinaria de calcio y la reabsorción de calcio en los huesos, haciendo con que los animales tengan diferentes grados de problemas del aparato locomotor, dolor a la palpación de los huesos, resistencia para apoyar un extremo del cuerpo, trácturas e incluso incapacidad para ponerse de pie. El tratamiento de la HNS requiere la corrección de la deficiência en la dieta y reparar anomalías óseas que están presentes.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/terapia , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/veterinaria , Hormona Paratiroidea/biosíntesis , Hormona Paratiroidea , Enfermedades Carenciales/terapia , Enfermedades Carenciales/veterinaria , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/terapia , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/veterinaria , Deficiencia de Calcio , Movimiento , Calcio de la DietaRESUMEN
O emprego da desmineralização óssea in situ nos diferentes procedimentos regenerativos ainda não é comum em Periodontia e Cirurgia maxilofacial, mas pesquisas comprovando o aumento na presença de proteínas ósseas morfogenéticas (BMPs) após o processo de desmineralização óssea, levam a considerar que esse procedimento é vantajoso no aumento da previsibilidade dos procedimentos regenerativos. As BMPs e outros fatores de crescimento liberados pelo processo de desmineralização óssea funcionam iniciando o recrutamento e a diferenciação de células progenitoras. Assim, promovem a maturação dessas células em condrócitos, osteoblastos e osteócitos. Esta revisão de literatura procurou esclarecer os mecanismos pelos quais a desmineralização óssea in situ pode favorecer os procedimentos ósseos regenerativos, chegando-se à conclusão de que o processo de desmineralização aumenta a velocidade de reparação e osteoindução, proporcionando substrato para a proliferação e diferenciação de células osteoprogenitoras.
Asunto(s)
Huesos , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica , PeriodonciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Using a clinical survey, panoramic, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, this study was conducted to ascertain primary maxillofacial abnormalities in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI). STUDY DESIGN: Two patients previously diagnosed with MPS VI underwent clinical and imaging surveys (panoramic radiographs, CBCT, and MR imaging). RESULTS: Jaw involvement was present in all patients. The most prevalent findings were enlarged marrow spaces, osteopenia, dentigerous cyst-like follicles, effacement of the jaw structures, and osteosclerosis. This is the first study to describe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement for MPS VI. CONCLUSIONS: CBCT and MR imaging were needed to observe features that were not clear in conventional radiographs. Both patients reported symptoms in the TMJ and demonstrated involvement during their examinations. A multicenter study is necessary to better document maxillofacial involvement in MPS VI.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Maxilomandibulares/diagnóstico , Mucopolisacaridosis IV/diagnóstico , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Dentales/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Médula Ósea/patología , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico/métodos , Saco Dental/patología , Quiste Dentígero/diagnóstico , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Enfermedades Mandibulares/diagnóstico , Seno Maxilar/anomalías , Cavidad Nasal/anomalías , Osteosclerosis/diagnóstico , Linaje , Radiografía Panorámica/métodos , Resorción Radicular/diagnóstico , Diente Impactado/diagnósticoRESUMEN
La masificación de la radiología digital ha hecho posible el estudio de diferentes patologías mediante imágenes de alta calidad diagnóstica. Existen diferentes patologías que afectan al tejido óseo, y que producen pérdida del mineral(1). Aquellas patologías se caracterizan por la pérdida de la arquitectura trabecular y un adelgazamiento de la cortical(7), visibles en la radiología. Aquellos cambios llevan al paciente a caer en el riesgo de sufrir futuras fracturas(8), por lo que se considera importante realizar un análisis de la geometría de las trabéculas ante este tipo de patología, con el fin de prever riesgos de fractura. Material y Métodos. Para realizar este estudio, se escogió un fémur de bovino(19). Este fue sumergido en ácido acético al 4 por ciento, con el fin de producir su desmineralización. Se le realizó una medición cada 24 horas mediante la adquisición de imágenes radiológicas, que fueron obtenidas con un equipo digital directo hasta observar cambios radiológicos evidentes en la población trabecular. Las imágenes fueron evaluadas mediante un software de libre acceso llamado ImageJ®(23), realizando mediciones trabeculares mediante la herramienta ROI, y se adquirieron los valores de área, perímetro y circularidad. Resultados. En las 10 trabéculas estudiadas se observaron y cuantificaron cambios en la arquitectura trabecular, aumentando el área en un 124 por ciento, el perímetro en un 53 por ciento y la circularidad se mantuvo en promedio constante. Conclusiones: Mediante la radiología digital, es posible evaluar la arquitectura trabecular mediante parámetros geométricos, los cuales nos indican que existen cambios muy pequeños a lo largo del tiempo. Se observó un aumento de tamaño en las trabéculas, pero sin pérdida de su forma.
Introduction. The mass use of digital radiology has made possible the study of different pathologies through high quality diagnostic images. There are different diseases that affect bone tissue and which produce mineral loss (1). Those diseases are characterized by loss of trabecular architecture and cortical thinning (7), visible in radiology. Those changes lead the patient to suffer the risk of future fractures (8), therefore it is considered important to analyze the geometry of the trabeculae in this kind of pathology in order to anticipate fracture risk. Material and Methods. For this study, a bovine's femur was chosen(19). This was immersed in 4 percent acetic acid to produce demineralization. Measurement was performed (in Clinica Alemana Santiago) every 24 hours by radiological imagings, which were obtained with digital radiology (DR) to observe obvious radiological changes in trabecular population. The images were evaluated by a freely available software called ImageJ® (23), by performing Trabecular measurements using the ROI tool, acquiring the values of area, perimeter and circularity. Results. In the 10 trabeculae studied, we observed and quantified changes in trabecular architecture, increasing the value of average area in 124 percent, perimeter in 53 percent and no change in circularity during the demineralization process. Conclusions. With digital radiography, it is possible to evaluate the trabecular architecture using geometric parameters, which indicate that there are very small changes over time. An increase in size of the trabeculae was observed, trabeculae was observed, but without loss of shape.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/inducido químicamente , Fémur/patología , Fémur , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/métodos , Interpretación de Imagen Radiográfica Asistida por Computador , Descalcificación Patológica/inducido químicamente , Factores de Tiempo , Técnica de Desmineralización de Huesos/métodos , Ácido AcéticoRESUMEN
Autogenous bone grafts are considered to be the gold standard in bone regeneration because of their osteogenic activity; however, due to limited availability of intraoral donor sites and the need to resolve the demands of patients requires an alternative to these. Two male patients were submitted to implant surgery in two stages with 6 months intervals between each of them: the first was exodontia and placement of DBM graft into the socket; the second stage was the drill with a 2 mm internal diameter trephine in center of the alveolar ridge previously grafted with DBM and subsequent implant placement. The samples were analyzed under histological techniques. A very mature bone was observed at 6 months after DBM graft placement in the sockets, showing it to be a good alternative as bone graft.
Los injertos de hueso autólogo son considerados el "gold standard" en regeneración ósea debido a sus propiedades osteogénicas; sin embargo, debido a la limitada cantidad de sitios intraorales y la necesidad de resolver las necesidades de los pacientes, es que se requiere una alternativa para el mismo. Dos pacientes masculinos fueron sometidos a una cirugía de implantes en dos etapas con 6 meses de intervalo entre cada una de ellas: la primera consistió en la exodoncia y el posicionamiento del injerto de DBM en el alvéolo; la segunda etapa consistió en el fresado con una trefina de dos milímetros de diámetro interno en el centro del reborde alveolar previamente injertado con DBM y luego se posicionó el implante. Las muestras fueron analizadas bajo técnicas histológicas. Un hueso muy maduro fue observado a los 6 meses de haber injertado el DBM en los alvéolos, demostrando que podría ser una buena alternativa como injerto óseo.
Asunto(s)
Persona de Mediana Edad , Alveolo Dental/cirugía , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica , Regeneración Ósea , Matriz Ósea/patología , Materiales Biocompatibles , Trasplante Óseo , Implantes Dentales , Periodo Posoperatorio , Cirugía BucalRESUMEN
Primary hyperparathyroidism associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1) differs in many aspects from sporadic hyperparathyroidism, which is the most frequently occurring form of hyperparathyroidism. Bone mineral density has frequently been studied in sporadic hyperparathyroidism but it has very rarely been examined in cases of hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Cortical bone mineral density in hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 cases has only recently been examined, and early, severe and frequent bone mineral losses have been documented at this site. Early bone mineral losses are highly prevalent in the trabecular bone of patients with hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. In summary, bone mineral disease in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 related hyperparathyroidism is an early, frequent and severe disturbance, occurring in both the cortical and trabecular bones. In addition, renal complications secondary to sporadic hyperparathyroidism are often studied, but very little work has been done on this issue in hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. It has been recently verified that early, frequent, and severe renal lesions occur in patients with hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, which may lead to increased morbidity and mortality. In this article we review the few available studies on bone mineral and renal disturbances in the setting of hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. We performed a meta-analysis of the available data on bone mineral and renal disease in cases of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-related hyperparathyroidism.
Asunto(s)
Densidad Ósea , Hiperparatiroidismo Primario/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Renales/etiología , Neoplasia Endocrina Múltiple Tipo 1/complicaciones , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica , Huesos/metabolismo , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Hiperparatiroidismo Primario/etiología , Hiperparatiroidismo Primario/cirugía , Neoplasia Endocrina Múltiple Tipo 1/genética , Neoplasia Endocrina Múltiple Tipo 1/cirugía , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Primary hyperparathyroidism associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1) differs in many aspects from sporadic hyperparathyroidism, which is the most frequently occurring form of hyperparathyroidism. Bone mineral density has frequently been studied in sporadic hyperparathyroidism but it has very rarely been examined in cases of hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Cortical bone mineral density in hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 cases has only recently been examined, and early, severe and frequent bone mineral losses have been documented at this site. Early bone mineral losses are highly prevalent in the trabecular bone of patients with hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. In summary, bone mineral disease in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1related hyperparathyroidism is an early, frequent and severe disturbance, occurring in both the cortical and trabecular bones. In addition, renal complications secondary to sporadic hyperparathyroidism are often studied, but very little work has been done on this issue in hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. It has been recently verified that early, frequent, and severe renal lesions occur in patients with hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, which may lead to increased morbidity and mortality. In this article we review the few available studies on bone mineral and renal disturbances in the setting of hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. We performed a meta-analysis of the available data on bone mineral and renal disease in cases of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-related hyperparathyroidism.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Densidad Ósea , Hiperparatiroidismo Primario/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Renales/etiología , Neoplasia Endocrina Múltiple Tipo 1/complicaciones , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica , Huesos/metabolismo , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hiperparatiroidismo Primario/etiología , Hiperparatiroidismo Primario/cirugía , Neoplasia Endocrina Múltiple Tipo 1/genética , Neoplasia Endocrina Múltiple Tipo 1/cirugía , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is a relation between Hounsfield units obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans and bone density. The density of the bones can be used to establish its mechanical properties and therefore to assess the bone mechanical condition using CT images. OBJECTIVES: To identify the effect of the transfemoral amputation and the use of external lower limb prosthesis in the bone properties, by comparing Young's modulus. STUDY DESIGN: Young's modulus comparison. METHODS: Comparison of bone density between the healthy femur and the amputated bone of 20 unilateral transfemoral amputees was done by generating three histograms of the Hounsfield units at different parts of the femur. The histograms were created based on images obtained by CT and the Hounsfield units were translated to Young's modulus to establish the comparison. RESULTS: The results show a significant difference (p-value <0.05) between the mean value of Young's modulus of healthy and amputated bone. CONCLUSIONS: There is clearly a direct association between the use of external prosthesis and the bone demineralization due the stress shielding phenomenon. The Young's modulus comparison using information from CT images can be a suitable tool to analyze the bone demineralization due to the use of exoprosthesis.
Asunto(s)
Amputados , Miembros Artificiales/efectos adversos , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/etiología , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Módulo de Elasticidad/fisiología , Fémur/fisiología , Fémur/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/fisiopatología , Femenino , Fémur/diagnóstico por imagen , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estrés Mecánico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Soporte de PesoRESUMEN
Osteodistrofia hepática é distúrbio de mineralização óssea associada à doença hepática crônica, sendo a osteoporose, e mais raramente a osteomalácia, sua forma de apresentação clínica. Apesar de pouco diagnosticada e com prevalência de grande variação na literatura, na maioria das vezes, apresenta-se de forma assintomática e, quando não identificada, aumenta consideravelmente o risco de fratura e sequelas permanentes. Seu diagnóstico, portanto, requer alta suspeição e faz-se, na prática clínica, por meio da avaliação da densitometria óssea. De fisiopatogenia multifatorial, envolve fatores genético, ambiental e do próprio estado clínico-nutricional do paciente. Uma atenção maior deve ser despendida a hepatopatas desnutridos, com cirrose hepática avançada, doença colestática crônica e transplantados pelo maior risco de desmineralização óssea. Nesta revisão, será discorrido sobre o metabolismo fisiológico da síntese óssea e a fisiopatologia do distúrbio de mineralização óssea, desde mecanismos fisiopatogênicos na doença hepática crônica, seu diagnóstico e revisão da terapêutica atual empregada.
Hepatic osteodystrophy is a disorder of bone mineralization associated to liver disease, clinically manifested by osteoporosis and more rarely osteomalacia. Although seldomly diagnosed and varying greatly in literature, most of the time, it presents asymptomatically and, when it is not recognized, it enhances considerably the risk of fracture and permanent sequelae. Indeed it requires a high grade of suspicion and it is confirmed by means of bone densitometry evaluation in clinical practice. Presenting with a multifactorial physiopathology, it involves factors, such as genetical, environmental, and patient clinical-nutritional status. A greater attention must be spent on patients with liver disease, especially those malnourished, with advanced cirrhosis, chronic cholestatic disease, and transplanted, because of a higher risk of bone demineralization. In this data, it will be reviewed the bone synthesis metabolism and the physiopathology of bone mineralization disorder ? since fisiopatogenic mechanisms in chronic liver disease, diagnosis and recent therapeutic review employed.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Osteoporosis , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica , Osteomalacia , Calcificación Fisiológica , Hepatitis Autoinmune , Enfermedad Hepática Crónica Inducida por Sustancias y DrogasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pattern of bone mineral density (BMD), serum concentrations of estradiol and calcium levels, dietary calcium, body mass index (BMI), and lactation in adolescents and adult women at 15, 90, and 365 postpartum days (ppd). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted of 33 adolescents and 39 adult women. Anthropometric and dietetic evaluations were performed, as well as evaluations of bone mineral density in L2-L4 and femur neck. Estradiol concentrations and calcium serum levels were determined. RESULTS: L2-L4 BMD increased by 16% in adolescents, and 3% in adult women from day 15 to 365 ppd. While age was associated with this change (ß=13.779, EE=3.5, p=0.001), lactation was not (ß=-0.705, EE=0.647, p=0.283). The adult women had a higher L2-L4 BMD at 15, 90, and 635 ppd (1.151 vs 0.978 g/cm², 1.195 vs 1.070 g/cm², 1.195 vs 1.123 g/cm², respectively) (p<0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents' BMD increased three times more than that of adult women. For all women, BMD was dependent of age and independent of lactation.
Asunto(s)
Densidad Ósea , Periodo Posparto/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/sangre , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/epidemiología , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/fisiopatología , Calcio/sangre , Calcio de la Dieta/farmacocinética , Niño , Estradiol/sangre , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactancia/sangre , Lactancia/fisiología , Periodo Posparto/sangre , Embarazo , Embarazo en Adolescencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Analizar el patrón de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO), calcio y estradiol séricos, consumo de calcio, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y lactancia en adolescentes y adultas a 15, 90 y 365 días posparto (dpp). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Cohorte prospectivo en 33 adolescentes y 39 adultas con evaluación antropométrica, dietética y ósea en L2-L4 y cuello de fémur; bioquímica con estradiol y calcio séricos. RESULTADOS: Las adolescentes aumentaron de los 15 a los 365 dpp 16 por ciento su DMO de L2-L4, las adultas 3 por ciento. La edad se asoció a este cambio (β=13.779, EE=3.5, p=0.001); la lactancia no se asoció (β=-0.705, EE=0.647, p=0.283). Las adultas presentaron mayor DMO de L2-L4 a 15, 90 y 365 dpp respectivamente (1.151vs 0.978g/cm², 1.195vs1.070g/cm², 1.195vs1.123g/cm², p<0.003). CONCLUSIONES: Las adolescentes incrementaron su DMO tres veces más que las adultas. El cambio en la DMO fue dependiente de la edad e independiente de la práctica de lactancia.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pattern of bone mineral density (BMD), serum concentrations of estradiol and calcium levels, dietary calcium, body mass index (BMI), and lactation in adolescents and adult women at 15, 90, and 365 postpartum days (ppd). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted of 33 adolescents and 39 adult women. Anthropometric and dietetic evaluations were performed, as well as evaluations of bone mineral density in L2-L4 and femur neck. Estradiol concentrations and calcium serum levels were determined. RESULTS: L2-L4 BMD increased by 16 percent in adolescents, and 3 percent in adult women from day 15 to 365 ppd. While age was associated with this change (β=13.779, EE=3.5, p=0.001), lactation was not (β=-0.705, EE=0.647, p=0.283). The adult women had a higher L2-L4 BMD at 15, 90, and 635 ppd (1.151 vs 0.978g/cm², 1.195 vs 1.070g/cm², 1.195 vs 1.123g/cm², respectively) (p<0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents' BMD increased three times more than that of adult women. For all women, BMD was dependent of age and independent of lactation.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Adulto Joven , Densidad Ósea , Periodo Posparto/fisiología , Factores de Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/sangre , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/epidemiología , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/fisiopatología , Calcio de la Dieta/farmacocinética , Calcio/sangre , Estradiol/sangre , Estudios de Seguimiento , Lactancia/sangre , Lactancia/fisiología , Periodo Posparto/sangre , Embarazo en Adolescencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Glucocorticoids are drugs widely used in veterinary medicine; however, besides their clinical benefits, their use can trigger undesirable effects. A clinical trial was performed on eight healthy dogs with the intent of evaluating possible alterations in the bone mineral density after therapy with prednisone using a helical computed tomography. All animals received prednisone orally at a dose of 2 mg/kg of weight for 30 days. The bone mineral density was determined by obtaining the vertebral body radiodensity of the second lumbar vertebra values immediately before and after the administration of the medication. The experimental protocol allowed for the characterization of a significant (P < 0.01) reduction of the vertebral body radiodensity of the second lumbar vertebra. At the end of the experiment, it was characterized by a loss of bone mass of approximately 14%. None of the animals presented pathologic fracture at the end of the administration of the medication. This study verified that the alterations in the bone metabolism of the dogs submitted to the therapy with prednisone in a dosage of 2 mg/kg occur rapidly, which recommends a monitoring of the patients for the prevention of pathologic fractures.
Asunto(s)
Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/inducido químicamente , Glucocorticoides/efectos adversos , Vértebras Lumbares/efectos de los fármacos , Prednisona/efectos adversos , Administración Oral , Animales , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/inducido químicamente , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/diagnóstico por imagen , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Perros , Femenino , Glucocorticoides/administración & dosificación , Glucocorticoides/farmacología , Vértebras Lumbares/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Lumbares/patología , Masculino , Prednisona/administración & dosificación , Prednisona/farmacología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinariaRESUMEN
Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is frequently found in individuals with untreated celiac disease (CD), possibly due to calcium and vitamin D malabsorption, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and misbalanced bone remodeling. A gluten-free diet (GFD) promotes a rapid increase in BMD that leads to complete recovery of bone mineralization in children. Children may attain normal peak bone mass if the diagnosis is made and treatment is given before puberty, thereby preventing osteoporosis in later life. A GFD improves, but rarely normalizes, BMD in patients diagnosed with CD in adulthood. In some cases, nutritional supplementation may be necessary. More information on therapeutic alternatives is needed.